蝎仙口服液治疗慢性肝病肝纤维化的临床研究

目的：观察自制中药蝎仙口服液对慢性肝病肝纤维化的临床疗效。方法：60例慢性肝病肝纤维化患者随机分为两组：治疗组30例给予蝎仙口服液口服，对照组30例则予安慰剂生理盐水口服，两组均常规使用肝太乐、肌苷、VitC、VitBco片口服；治疗前后检测患者血清透明质酸（HA）、层粘蛋白（LN）、Ⅳ型胶原（Ⅳ-C）水平，观察主要症状和体征，肝功能指标及肝脏B超声像图情况。结果：治疗组治疗前后HA、LN和Ⅳ-C的水平比较差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01）。两组间在脾脏回缩、ALT、Alb、GGT及HA、LN和Ⅳ-C方面比较差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01）。结论：蝎仙口服液对慢性肝病肝纤维化患者有较好的抗肝纤维化作用。     

慢性乙型肝炎和肝炎肝硬化患者血浆内皮素-1水平与血清肝纤维化指标和门静脉宽度的关系

目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎和肝炎肝硬化患者血浆内皮素-1（ET-1）水平的变化及其与肝纤维化血清指标和门静脉宽度的关系。方法采用放射免疫法测定急性乙型肝炎、慢性乙型肝炎和肝炎肝硬化患者血浆ET-1、血清透明质酸（HA）、层粘蛋白（LN）、Ⅲ型胶原肽（PⅢP）和Ⅳ型胶原（Ⅳ-C）水平。结果23例急性乙型肝炎肝纤维化血清指标中仅HA水平较正常对照组明显升高；81例慢性乙型肝炎和64例肝炎肝硬化患者。血浆ET-1、血清HA、LN、PⅢP和Ⅳ-C水平均较正常对照组明显升高。在慢性乙型肝炎中血浆ET-1、血清HA、LN、PⅢP和Ⅳ-C水平随着肝脏损害程度（轻、中、重度）的加重而逐步升高。在慢性乙型肝炎和肝炎肝硬化患者中。血浆ET-1水平与血清HA、LN、PⅢP和Ⅳ-C水平明显相关；同时ET-1还与患者门静脉宽度明显相关。结论ET-1、HA、LN、PⅢP和Ⅳ-C与慢性乙型肝炎肝脏损害相关：ET-1与慢性乙型肝炎和肝炎肝硬化患者肝纤维化程度和门静脉高压有一定的关系。     

软肝健脾丸治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化的临床研究

目的：观察自制中药软肝健脾丸对慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化的临床疗效。方法：将87例慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化患者随机分为两组：治疗组44例,服用软肝健脾丸,对照组43例,服用安络化纤丸;治疗前后检测患者血清透明质酸（HA）、层粘蛋白（LN）、Ⅲ型前胶原（PCⅢ）、Ⅳ型胶原（Ⅳ-C）的水平,并观察主要症状、肝功能相关指标及肝脏B超声像图情况。结果：两组临床疗效比较,治疗组的显效率和总有效率分别为52.27%和88.63%;对照组分别为25.58%和67.44%,差异均有显著性意义（P〈0.01、P〈0.05）。HA、LN、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C的水平治疗组患者治疗前后比较,差异有显著性意义（P〈0.01）;与对照组治疗后比较,差异均有显著性意义（P〈0.01、P〈0.05）。治疗组患者治疗前后ALT、AST、TBil、Alb比较差异有显著性意义（P〈0.01）,但与对照组治疗后比较差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。两组间在改善主要症状、脾脏回缩、肝脏声像图改变方面比较,差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。结论：软肝健脾丸对慢性乙型肝炎患者有较好的抗肝纤维化作用。     

复方甘草酸苷联合IFN-α对慢性乙型肝炎患者肝纤维化指标的影响

目的观察复方甘草酸苷联合IFN-α防治慢性乙型肝炎（慢乙肝）肝纤维化的效果。方法将同期收治的65例慢乙肝患者随机分为观察组32例和对照组33例,两组均予常规保肝治疗,在此基础上观察组予复方甘草酸苷及IFN-α。治疗前及治疗12周后用放射免疫法检测两组血清Ⅲ型前胶原（PC-Ⅲ）、Ⅳ型胶原（CⅣ）、透明质酸（HA）、层黏蛋白（LN）水平。结果治疗12周后,观察组上述血清纤维化指标水平显著低于治疗前及对照组（P〈0．05）。结论复方甘草酸苷联合IFN-α具有较好的抗肝纤维化作用。     

IFNα-2b对CHB患者血清肝纤维化和肝功能指标的影响

目的 观察IFNα-2b对慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）患者肝纤维化水平和肝功能的影响.方法 对63例CHB患者予IFNα-2b 500 U肌注,隔日1次,连续治疗3个月.治疗前后检测血清肝纤维化指标Ⅲ型前胶原氨基末端肽（PⅢP）、Ⅳ型胶原（CⅣ）、层粘连蛋白（LN）、透明质酸（HA）和肝功能指标ALT、AST、总胆红素（TB）、白蛋白（A）和球蛋白（G）.结果 治疗后CHB患者血清PⅢP、CⅣ、LN、HA及ALT、AST、TB、A水平均显著低于治疗前（P均＜0.01）,血清G水平显著高于治疗前（P＜0.01）.结论 IFNα-2b可改善CHB患者的肝纤维化水平和肝功能.     

血清肝纤维化指标与肝脏病理学对照观察

目的评价血清肝纤维化指标诊断肝纤维化病理分期的临床价值。方法73例肝穿刺确诊的慢性乙型病毒性肝炎患者，同时进行血清HA、Ⅳ—C、PⅢP、LN的检测。以肝活检组织纤维化病理分期为金标准对以上血清学指标的诊断价值进行分析。结果HA、Ⅳ—C、PⅢP、LN与纤维化分期的相关系数分别为0.302（P〈0.01）、0．663（P〈0.01）、0.346（P〈0.05）、0.056（P〉0.05）。除LN外，其余指标血清水平均随着肝纤维化程度的加重而逐渐上升，其中HA、Ⅳ—C、PⅢPS3、S4期血清水平与S1期比较差异有非常显著性（P〈0.01）。S4期作为早期肝硬化诊断标准时，通过ROC曲线分析HA、Ⅳ—C、PⅢP、LN的曲线下面积分别为0.745、0．909、0.732、0.425。敏感度Ⅳ—C〉PⅢP〉HA〉LN；特异度HA〉Ⅳ—C〉PⅢP〉LN。结论可以认为血清肝纤维化指标对肝脏纤维化程度的判断有一定的指导意义。     

常用血清学指标与慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化程度相关性研究

目的：研究常用血清学指标与慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化程度的关系。方法：对177例慢性乙型肝炎患者进行血清肝脏生化和肝纤维化指标检测，包括丙氨酸氨基转移酶（AIT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、总胆红素（TBil）、白蛋白（Alb）、球蛋白（Glo）、透明质酸（HA）、层粘连蛋白（LN）、Ⅲ型前胶原蛋白（PcⅢ）、Ⅳ型胶原蛋白（CⅣ）。所有病例均行肝穿刺活检，并进行肝组织纤维化分期（S）。结果：部分血清学指标与肝组织纤维化程度相关，以Alb、Glo、HA、PCⅢ、CⅣ相关性最好，相关系数分别为-0．299、0．282、0．595、0．387、0．480。伴随肝纤维化程度的增加，血清白蛋白呈下降趋势，而血清球蛋白、HA、PCⅢ、CⅣ呈上升趋势。结论：部分血清学指标能反映肝组织纤维化程度，对于难以开展肝穿刺活检的单位可以帮助肝纤维化诊断。     

中药肝长春保肝抗肝纤维化作用的临床研究

观察中药肝长春保肝抗肝纤维化的治疗效果。用肝长春治疗肝硬化患者55例，另设53例用复方丹参治疗为对照组，治疗前后观察临床表现，检测肝功能，测定血清透明质酸（HA），层粘连蛋白（LN），Ⅳ型胶原（Ⅳ-C）。治疗组临床表现改善明显优于对照组（P＜0．05），总有效率优于对照组（P＜0．05）。肝功能改善及HA，LN，Ⅳ-C的降低明显优于对照组。中药肝长春具有明显的保肝，抗肝纤维化作用。     

阿德福韦酯联合苦参素治疗慢性乙型肝炎患者对肝纤维化指标的影响

目的探讨苦参素联合阿德福韦酯（ADV）对慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）患者肝纤维化指标的影响。方法 116例CHB患者随机分为A组38例,给予苦参素胶囊0.2 g,3次/d,口服;B组38例,给予ADV 10 mg/d,C组40例,给予苦参素和ADV联合治疗,疗程均为48周。观察各组患者肝功能、血清HBV DNA、肝纤维化指标和B超门静脉主干内径、脾脏厚度,药物不良反应。结果 C组患者ALT复常率与A组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,在治疗36周后HBV DNA转阴率高于A组和B组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。C组与B组患者治疗24周后,A组治疗36周后血清PCⅢ、CⅣ、LN、HA水平较治疗前明显下降（P〈0.05）;在治疗48周时C组与A组血清PCⅢ、CⅣ、HA水平比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。C组24、48周时脾脏缩小,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。C组和B组共有5例患者出现轻度不良反应,但均能耐受。结论 ADV联合苦参素治疗肝纤维化疗效优于单用苦参素或ADV治疗。     

血清肝纤维化指标与肝脏病理学对照研究

评价血清肝纤维化指标诊断肝纤维化病理分期的临床价值。 6 9例肝穿确诊的慢性乙型病毒性肝炎患者 ,同时进行血清HA、Ⅳ -C、PⅢP、LN的检测。以肝活检组织纤维化病理分期为金标准对以上血清学指标的诊断价值进行分析。HA、Ⅳ -C、PⅢP、LN与纤维化分期的相关系数分别为 0 30 2 (P <0 0 1)、0 6 6 3(P <0 0 1)、0 346 (P<0 0 5 )、0 0 5 6 (P >0 0 5 )。除LN外 ,其余指标血清水平均随着肝纤维化程度的加重而逐渐上升 ,其中HA、Ⅳ -C、PⅢPS3 、S4期血清水平与S1期比较有统计学差异 (P <0 0 1)。S4作为早期肝硬化诊断标准时 ,通过ROC曲线分析HA、Ⅳ -C、PⅢP、LN的曲线下面积分别为 0 74 5、0 90 9、0 732、0 4 2 5。敏感度Ⅳ -C >PⅢP >HA >LN ;特异度HA >Ⅳ -C >PⅢP >LN。血清肝纤维化指标对肝脏纤维化程度的判断有一定的指导意义。     

Satisfaction with ambulatory care of persons with AIDS

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation of patient characteristics and site of care to the perception of ambulatory care quality by persons with AIDS (PWAs). DESIGN: Patient surveys and medical record review were used to determine PWAs’ perceptions of their ambulatory care, self-perceived health status, primary care relationships, sociodemographic characteristics, and severity of illness. SETTING: A public-hospital HIV clinic, an academic group practice, and a staff-model health maintenance organization (HMO) that together care for 20% of all Massachusetts PWAs. PATIENTS: All active patients as of February 12, 1990, and all new AIDS patients at each of the three sites during the subsequent 13 months. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN BESULTS: The primary outcome measure was a six-item scale of patient-rated quality of care (PRQC), a newly developed measure that combined patients’ ratings of their physician care, nursing care, involvement in medical decisions, and overall quality of care. Multiple logistic regression was carried out with low PRQC (lowest quart He) as the dependent variable, to identify correlates of patient perceptions of poor quality. Patients who had a primary nurse were significantly less likely to have low PRQC scores (OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.26 to 0.97). Black patients and patients who used injection drugs were significantly more likely to rate their care in the lowest quartile (OR=2.22, 95% CI=1.04 to 4.78; and OR=2.43, 95% CI=1.13 to 5.23, respectively), as were those who had lower self-perceived health status, after controlling for confounders; no association was found by site or severity. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that primary nursing may be an important determinant of how PWAs rate the quality of their ambulatory care. Furthermore, PWAs who are black or who are injection drug users are less satisfied than are others with the quality of their ambulatory AIDS care. Presented in part at the annual meeting of the Society of General Internal Medicine, April 30, 1993, Arlington, Virginia. Supported by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, grant number HS06239.     

分析老年糖尿病患者应用甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗的效果

目的探讨甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖在老年糖尿病患者中的临床疗效。方法选取该院2018年7月—2019年7月收治的113例老年糖尿病患者作为研究对象,经随机数字表法,划分A组(n=56,阿卡波糖)和B组(n=57,甘精胰岛素+阿卡波糖),比较两组临床疗效、血糖指标。结果B组患者临床治疗总有效率显著高于A组;经治疗,B组患者空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)水平明显低于A组。两组之间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在老年糖尿病患者中应用甘精胰岛素+阿卡波糖,临床疗效显著,使患者的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白等指标得到了明显改善,安全性强。     

Treatment of patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome with Bosentan

We treated prospectively 14 patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome, with a mean age of 10 years, ranging from 3 to 18 years. Treatment continued for 12 months, and demonstrated a lasting symptomatic improvement, but no improvement in terms of mean saturation of oxygen over 24 hours. Exercise capacity, as judged by peak uptake of oxygen, worsened in the six patients able to perform a treadmill test. The symptomatic benefit from dual blockage of endothelin receptors in these patients may be due to mechanisms other than selective pulmonary vasodilatation alone.     

小剂量垂体后叶素合并硝酸甘油治疗咯血

目的评价小剂量垂体后叶素联合硝酸甘油治疗咯血的疗效及不良反应。方法将50例咯血患者随机分为两组,治疗组在常规治疗基础上（n=26）应用小剂量垂体后叶素联合硝酸甘油;对照组（n=24）在常规治疗基础上仅应用小剂量垂体后叶素。分析其疗效及不良反应。结果48小时后治疗组有效率96.15％（25／26）,对照组有效率58.33％（14／24）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.012）;治疗组对血压影响小,无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,对照组能引起血压升高的副作用（P〈0.05）;治疗组出现头晕头痛、胸闷、心悸、腹痛、腹泻、恶心呕吐、出汗、面色苍白等不良反应比对照组少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论小剂量垂体后叶素联合硝酸甘油治疗中量咯血比垂体后叶素单药治疗中量咯血疗效明显提高,且能减少垂体后叶素不良反应。     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Complications associated with the treatment of haemophiliacs with inhibitors

To examine the safety profile of products used to treat inhibitor patients unresponsive to factor VIII, a review of published clinical experience was performed. The products evaluated were activated prothrombin complex concentrates (aPCCs), such as AUTOPLEX® T, porcine factor VIII and recombinant activated factor VII (rVIIa). Safety characteristics included potential for transmission of infectious agents, anamnesis, thrombogenicity, thrombocytopenia and allergic reactions. While viral transmission has been virtually eliminated, the risk is theoretically higher with plasma-derived products such as aPCC and porcine factor VIII than with rVIIa, although contamination of cultured cells is a concern. Anamnesis occurs with aPCCs and porcine factor VIII, and may induce resistance to further therapy with porcine factor VIII. Thrombosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation are very infrequently reported in patients exposed to aPCCs and rVIIa, and never with porcine factor VIII. The latter is occasionally associated with thrombocytopenia, but this uncommonly limits treatment with this agent. Lastly, allergic reactions occur with about equal frequency with all products, but anaphylaxis is mainly a concern after administration of porcine factor VIII. In conclusion, products currently available are reasonably safe. Considerations such as efficacy, availability, ease of administration and cost must also be considered in making treatment choices.