人流术后放置两种宫内节育器的临床效果比较

目的:比较曼月乐避孕系统与含铜宫内节育器新体380的避孕效果及副反应发生率。方法:将300例人流术后妇女分成两组,分别放置曼月乐组、新体380组,随访12个月,对其避孕效果、副反应进行观察对比。结果:曼月乐组闭经率30.00%,出血率2.22%,因症取出率2.22%,带器妊娠率和过敏率均为0;新体380组出血率7.50%,带器妊娠率和过敏率均为0.83%,因症取出率8.33%,闭经率为0。两组随访期内无脱落,曼月乐组出血率及因症取出率低于新体380组(P<0.05)。结论:两种宫内节育器均有较好的避孕效果,曼月乐优于新体380,且副反应相对较少。     

人工流产术后立即放置新体380和曼月乐560例临床观察

<正>宫内节育器(IUD)是我国妇女广泛使用的避孕方法之一。如何正确有效使用IUD,减少非意愿妊娠,也是一个有待解决的生殖健康问题。本文对560例人工流产术后即时放置新体380(Nova-T380)和曼月乐避孕系统(LNG-IUS)的妇女进行了临床对比观察,现报告如下。一、对象与方法 1．对象 2004年3月～2005年9月就诊治于本院计划生育科门诊,自愿要求放置避孕工具560例,按自愿要求分为放置Nova-T380 380例,LNG-IUS 180例。对象身体健康,     

剖宫产术中放置吉娜固定式节育器避孕效果研究

目的:研究吉娜固定式宫内节育器(GeneFiexPPIUD)的避孕效果。方法:对100例放置GeneFiexPPIUD和100例放置Tcu380A宫内节育器的妇女进行1年的临床观察和对照研究。结果:①GeneFiexPP组在去除放置技术或子宫过软所致脱落因素后,脱落率显著低于Tcu380A组(P<0.05);②在放置IUD后3个月、6个月和12个月时,副作用有淋漓出血,经量增多和白带增多等,GeneFiexPP组明显低于Tcu380A组,差异有显著性(P<0.01,P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:GeneFiexPPIUD的临床使用效果好于Tcu380AIUD,脱落率和副作用低于Tcu380AIUD。     

放置MCu功能性宫内节育器380例临床观察

目的:为观察新型MCu功能性宫内节育器的临床效果、安全性和可接受性。方法:选择放置MCu功能性宫内节育器者380例作临床效果观察。结果:放置MCu功能性宫内节育器12个月带器妊娠率为0.56%,脱落率为0.28%,因症取出率为3.31%,续用率为93.66%。结论:MCu功能性IUD避孕效果好,脱落率低,置、取方便,适应性广泛,值得推广。     

Tcu380A、Tcu220宫内节育器放置5年避孕效果观察

目的 探讨Tcu380A、Tcu220宫内节育器放置5年的避孕效果.方法 对放置Tcu380A、Tcu220宫内节育器的各200例妇女进行随访,观察3个月内不良反应和5年避孕效果.结果 与TCu220 IUD 比较,TCu380A IUD在带器妊娠、下移、与IUD相关原因终止取出等方面发生率低,续用率高,两者差异有统计学意义 （P〈005）,3个月内不良反应两者比较差异无统计学意义（P〉005）.结论 Tcu380A 5年避孕效果比Tcu220避孕效果好,是比较理想的宫内节育器.     

左炔诺孕酮宫内节育器避孕效果及置器后炎症因子水平变化

目的:探讨放置左炔诺孕酮宫内节育器(曼月乐)效果及对妇女血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)影响。方法:选取2017年1月-2018年1月本院计划生育门诊收治的自愿接受放置宫内节育器妇女200例,随机数字表方法分为曼月乐组和含铜宫内节育器(TCu380A组)各100例,观察两组随访1年后避孕效果、不良反应及血清IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α水平变化。结果:随访1年时两组IUD使用相关终止率(1.0%、3.0%)无差异(P0.05);曼月乐组月经量增多(1.0%)、腰腹部酸痛(6.0%)发生率低于TCu380A组(20.0%、24.0%),月经量减少发生率(27.0%)高于TCu380A组(2.0%)(均P0.05);置入节育器1周后,曼月乐组血清IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α水平低于TCu380A组(P0.05)。结论:左炔诺孕酮宫内节育器避孕效果与含铜宫内节育器效果相当,但置器后引起的炎症反应及不良反应更低。     

妃悦IUD放置后的疗效观察

目的 观察放置妃悦宫内节育器(简称IUD)的临床效果.方法 该中心与市计划生育服务站对500例已婚健康妇女放置妃悦IUD作临床观察.结果 放置妃悦IUD12个月阴道出血率3.2％；带环受孕率0.4％；脱落率0.6％,避孕率99％.结论 吉妮宫内节育器具有避孕效果好、阴道不规则出血率低、脱落率低、续用率高和不良反应发生率低的优点,适合育龄妇女.     

去尾丝HCu280型花式IUD临床效果观察

目的:探讨放置去尾丝HCu280型花式宫内节育器(IUD)的临床效果,为推广使用提供科学依据。方法:21~45岁已婚已育且无放置IUD禁忌证妇女中,选择自愿放置去尾丝HCu280型花式IUD妇女200例为观察对象(HCu280IUD组),以选择放置TCu380AIUD妇女198例为对照(TCu380AIUD组),分别于放置后1、3、6和12个月进行随访,比较两组避孕效果、副作用主诉情况。结果:置器12个月HCu280IUD组和TCu380AIUD组带器妊娠率分别为每百妇女年0和0.5(P0.05);脱落率分别为每百妇年0.5和4.2(P0.05);与IUD使用相关终止率分别为每百妇女年3.5和9.6(P0.05);总终止率分别为每百妇女年4.0和10.1(P0.05);续用率分别为每百妇女年96.0和89.9。置器后1、3、6、12个月副作用主诉率,HCu280IUD组低于TCu380AIUD组。结论:HCu280型花式IUD避孕效果好,副作用主诉少,续用率高。     

剖宫产术后放置GeneFiex、TCu220C及活性165宫内节育器的临床效果比较

目的:观察剖宫产术后放置吉妮致美(GeneFiexIN)、TCu220C、活性165宫内节育器的临床效果。方法:对646例有剖宫产史的受术者,随机放置吉妮致美及TCu220C、活性165宫内节育器,随访1年后,观察效果。结果:放置吉妮致美随访一年后,带器妊娠为0.99/百妇女年,脱落率为0.98/百妇女年,因症取出率为2.93/百妇女年;TCu200c带器妊娠为5.36/百妇女年,脱落率为3.95/百妇女年,因症取出率为12.09/百妇女年;活性165带器妊娠为5.99/百妇女年,脱落率为3.68/百妇女年,因症取出率为11.06/百妇女年。结论:放置吉妮致美宫内节育器具有出血少,腹痛率低,脱落率低等优点,续用率及避孕效果均高于TCu220C及活性165宫内节育器,是剖宫产术后放置宫内节育器的首选。     

373例哺乳期放置TCu380A 1年临床效果观察

目的:观察哺乳期放置TCu380A宫内节育器(IUD)的临床效果。方法:选择2006年6月2日～2007年6月3日期间到安阳市汤阴县宜沟镇计划生育服务站要求放置IUD观察对象373例。采用生存分析法,分析观察对象使用IUD的1年期带器妊娠率、脱落率、因症取出率等。结果:随访12个月末1例观察对象失访,无带器妊娠者,脱落相关终止率为0.27/每百妇女/年,因症取出率为1.07/每百妇女/年,与IUD使用相关终止率为1.34/每百妇女/年。结论:哺乳期放置Tcu380A宫内节育器安全、有效,优于其他放置时期。     

A randomized trial on the clinical performance of Nova T380 and Gyne T380 Slimline copper IUDs

PURPOSE: The objective of this open randomized study was to compare the clinical performance of Nova T380 and Gyne T380 Slimline copper intrauterine devices (IUDs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eligible for analyses were 957 Norwegian parous women aged 18-45 years. Clinical performance was measured upon the removal of IUD due to contraceptive failure, expulsion, bleeding, pain, pelvic inflammatory disease and other medical reasons during a 5-year study period. RESULTS: The discontinuation rate due to contraceptive failure was significantly higher in the first year for Nova T380 users than for Gyne T380 Slimline users, whereas no differences were observed thereafter (the 5-year cumulative failure rates were 4.4% and 2.2%, respectively, per 100 women). However, the partial expulsion rate was significantly higher in the first year for Gyne T380 Slimline users than for Nova T380 users (the 5-year cumulative rates were 3.4% and 1.1,% respectively, per 100 women). No other major differences in reasons for discontinuation were found between the study groups. There was a slight nonsignificant increase in hemoglobin levels for both study groups over the course of the study. CONCLUSION: Clinical performance was considered satisfactorily high for both devices.     

IUD insertion following induced abortion

In a multicenter survey, women who received an IUD immediately after abortion were compared with abortion patients who started using oral contraception. Additionally, women receiving a Nova T were compared with women receiving a Multiload 250. Follow-up data were gathered after 6 weeks.

Pain was a common phenomenon post-abortum. In the study group of IUD users, complaints about pain were not more frequent than among controls, but if pain was experienced, it was more intense and of longer duration among IUD users. Bleeding immediately following the induced abortion was less frequent among IUD users, but if bleeding occurred, it tended to last longer. The first menstrual period after the induced abortion was heavier and more painful among IUD users. Expulsion of the IUD occurred in 10 cases (3.3%), all of them with the Nova T, none with Multiload.

The study did not generate evidence for an increased risk of PID in women receiving an IUD after an induced abortion.     

Immediate vs. delayed post-abortal copper T 380A IUD insertion in cases over 12 weeks of gestation

Background

The intrauterine device (IUD) is a safe, effective, well-tolerated form of contraception. Immediate placement after second-trimester abortion could increase high-tier contraception use in women who are at high risk for unintended pregnancy.

Study Design

This randomized controlled trial compared immediate vs. delayed placement of Copper T380A IUD insertion 2–4 weeks after second trimester abortion. The primary outcome analyzed was the percentage of women using a copper T380A IUD 6 months after surgery. Secondary outcomes were percentage of subjects using other high or middle tier contraception, expulsion, infection and repeat pregnancy rates as well as IUD satisfaction. In expectation of a high loss to follow-up at 6 months, 215 subjects were enrolled for a desired sample size of 158 subjects.

Results

Contraceptive and pregnancy status at 6 months was known for 159 of 215 subjects. Women randomized to immediate insertion were significantly more likely to have an IUD at 6 months compared to delayed (81.7% vs. 28.4%, p=.003). Relative risk was 11.2 (95% CI 5–26). There were 8 (5.1%) of 159 repeat unintended pregnancies. No women had a repeat pregnancy that had an IUD placed in the operating room. In the as-treated analysis, 64 women in the immediate group received the IUD and 0% had a repeat pregnancy. Of the remaining 95 women, 8 (8.4%) had a repeat pregnancy. This is a statistically significant difference (p=.022).

Conclusion

Placing the IUD immediately after the procedure significantly increases the likelihood of use of effective contraception following a second-trimester procedure. Women who have an IUD placed immediately after their procedure may also be less likely to have a subsequent unplanned pregnancy.     

MCuⅡIUD与TCu380A IUD放置60个月临床效果对比研究

目的:观察放置MCuⅡ功能性宫内节育器(MCuⅡIUD)的临床效果及安全性。方法:国内多中心统一标准,选择2000例要求放置IUD避孕的妇女,随机放置MCuⅡIUD与TCu380A IUD各1000例,定期随访观察60个月。结果:放置满60个月,MCuⅡIUD与380ATCu IUD的带器妊娠率分别为1.83/百妇女年、2.10/百妇女年,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);脱落率分别为0.72/百妇女年、3.03/百妇女年,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);因出血/疼痛取出分别为4.54/百妇女年、6.12/百妇女年,副作用发生率分别为3.50%、3.80%,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);计划妊娠取器后两组妊娠率分别为86.6%、91.7%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:MCuⅡIUD避孕效应高,脱落率低,放置后出现副作用发生率低,可逆性好,是比较理想的IUD。     

Two years of intrauterine contraception with levonorgestrel and with copper: a randomized comparison of the TCu 380Ag and levonorgestrel 20 mcg/day devices

IUDs releasing 20 mcg/day of levonorgestrel (LNg20) were in randomized trial together with the Copper T, model TCu 380Ag, in seven centers involving 2244 women. Two-year (25 months) gross cumulative pregnancy rates were 0.2 +/- 0.2 and 0.9 +/- 0.3 for the levonorgestrel and copper releasing devices, respectively (P greater than 0.05). There were no ectopic pregnancies in more than 1600 woman-years of use of each device. Removal rates for bleeding and/or pain or for medical reasons other than menstrual problems did not differ significantly between devices. Oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea prompted 10.7 per hundred (gross rate, 8.4 net rate) women using the LNg 20 IUD to request removal in the two-year period, significantly above the 0.2 per hundred rate among women with the Copper IUD (P less than 0.001). At the end of two years an estimated 59.4 per 100 women were continuing use of the LNg 20 IUD, and 67.5 per 100 (P less than 0.001) with the TCu 380Ag. This difference is almost wholly ascribable to a marked reduction in bleeding episodes and days among women using the LNg 20 device with concomitant removal of device. Hemoglobin rose an average of 0.5 g/dl (P less than 0.001) for this group whereas women using the TCu 380Ag experienced a decline of 0.2 g/dl compared with baseline values (P less than 0.001).     

MCu IUD与TCu380A IUD多中心比较性研究

目的:观察新型MCuIUD的临床效果及安全性。方法:在国内6个临床中心按统一标准选择1100例要求使用IUD避孕的妇女,随机放置MCuIUD与TCu380AIUD各550例,定期随访观察。结果:放置满48个月时,MCuIUD组与TCu380A组的继续使用率分别为84.82/百妇女、81.62/百妇女,P>0.05;带器妊娠率分别为1.26/百妇女、1.72/百妇女,P>0.05;脱落率分别为0.42/百妇女、3.45/百妇女,差异显著,P<0.05;因症取出率分别为4.19/百妇女、5.82/百妇女,P>0.05;有主诉分别为3.77/百妇女、7.76/百妇女,差异显著,P<0.05;因计划妊娠取出后多在1年内妊娠。结论:MCuIUD脱落率极低、抗生育效果好,置、取方便,安全、有效,可逆行好,是目前比较理想的IUD,值得推广。     

Emergency contraception with a copper IUD or oral levonorgestrel: an observational study of 1-year pregnancy rates

Objective

We investigated the 1-year pregnancy rates for emergency contraception (EC) users who selected the copper T380 intrauterine device (IUD) or oral levonorgestrel (LNG) for EC.

Study Design

This prospective study followed women for 1 year after choosing either the copper T380 IUD or oral LNG for EC. The study was powered to detect a 6% difference in pregnancy rates within the year after presenting for EC.

Results

Of the 542 women who presented for EC, agreed to participate in the trial and met the inclusion criteria, 215 (40%) chose the copper IUD and 327 (60%) chose oral LNG. In the IUD group, 127 (59%) were nulligravid. IUD insertion failed in 42 women (19%). The 1-year follow-up rate was 443/542 (82%); 64% of IUD users contacted at 1 year still had their IUDs in place. The 1-year cumulative pregnancy rate in women choosing the IUD was 6.5% vs. 12.2% in those choosing oral LNG [hazard ratio (HR) 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.29–0.97, p=.041]. By type of EC method actually received, corresponding values were 5.2% for copper IUD users vs. 12.3% for oral LNG users (HR 0.42, 95% CI: 0.20–0.85, p=.017). A multivariable logistic regression model controlling for demographic variables demonstrates that women who chose the IUD for EC had fewer pregnancies in the following year than those who chose oral LNG (HR 0.50, 95% CI: 0.26–0.96, p=.037).

Conclusion

One year after presenting for EC, women choosing the copper IUD for EC were half as likely to have a pregnancy compared to those choosing oral LNG.

Implications

Compared to EC users who choose oral levonorgestrel, those who select the copper IUD have lower rates of pregnancy in the next year. Greater use of the copper IUD for EC may lower rates of unintended pregnancy in high-risk women.     

A comparative study of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system Mirena versus the Copper T380A intrauterine device during lactation: breast-feeding performance, infant growth and infant development

BACKGROUND: Mirena is a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) that provides highly effective and long-acting progestogen-only contraception. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze the possible effects of using LNG-20 microg IUS on breast-feeding performance, infant growth and infant development during the first postpartum year as compared with the Copper T380A intrauterine device (Cu T380A IUD). DESIGN: This study is a prospective, controlled and randomized trial. SETTING: The study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assiut University Hospital, Egypt. METHODS: Three hundred twenty lactating women asking for initiation of contraception during the early postpartum stage were assigned randomly into two groups, the LNG-20 microg IUS group (n=163) and the Cu T380A group (n=157). The insertions were done 6-8 weeks postpartum. Each participant was followed up at three monthly intervals after insertion and until the first birthday of her baby. During these visits, the breast-feeding pattern was assessed, certain infant physical growth parameters were measured and a set of infant development tests was performed. RESULTS: No pregnancy occurred in both groups. There were no significant differences in the net continuation rates between the two groups (89.3 for LNG-IUS vs. 90.9 for Cu T380A). The LNG-20 microg IUS group had comparable rates of breast-feeding continuation, complete weaning, full breast-feeding and partial breast-feeding, with the Cu-IUD group. No statistically significant differences were found between groups with regard to all infant physical growth parameters and various infant development tests. CONCLUSION: The findings of the current study confirm that the use of LNG-20 microg IUS during the first postpartum year in lactating women provides highly effective and acceptable contraception and does not negatively influence breast-feeding or the growth and development of breast-fed infants.     

Intrauterine contraception with copper and with levonorgestrel: a randomized study of the TCu 380Ag and levonorgestrel 20 mcg/day devices

First year results of a randomized study of 1509 users of the Copper T380Ag with a silver core or of an IUD releasing 20 mcg day of levonorgestrel are reported. The cumulative gross pregnancy rate for each device was 0.3 per 100 at one year, with more than 490 women having one year of use with each device. The levonorgestrel-releasing device was associated with significantly fewer bleeding days and significantly increased hemoglobin levels when compared with pre-admission values or the one year values observed among users of the TCu380Ag. Terminations attributable to amenorrhea were significantly more frequent among users of the levonorgestrel-releasing device. The TCu 380Ag was associated with increased frequency and severity of dysmenorrhea compared with pre-admission levels or with the steroid-releasing device. Hemoglobin levels were somewhat reduced among users of the TCu 380Ag device. Terminations attributable to pain were, however, not significantly different by device. Continuation rates at the end of the first year were not significantly different by device.     

5种IUD使用3年的临床效果分析

目的:观察5种宫内节育器(IUD)放置3年的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析放置爱母环、元宫220型、宫铜、TCu 380型、母体乐等5种IUD的672例观察对象,追踪使用IUD 3年的临床随访观察效果。结果:3年的随访结果表明,元宫220型的续用率最高(97.89%),妊娠率最低(0.70%),脱落率(0%)最低,异常出血(5.63%)和疼痛(3.52%)的发生率最低(P<0.05)。TCu 380型的续用率最低,妊娠率最高,脱落率以爱母环和元宫220型最低,TCu380型和母体乐最高。结论:活性元宫220型IUD较其他4种IUD具有副作用小、续用率高、避孕效果好等优点,可在临床广泛应用。