几种特殊情况下先天性心脏病的封堵治疗

目的:探讨合并有其他疾病的特殊情况下,先天性心脏病介入封堵治疗的方法。方法:回顾分析17例先天性心脏病伴有各种其他疾病的患者行介入封堵治疗的术前处理、术中注意事项和手术时机及治疗结果。结果:17例先天性心脏病患者中合并脑梗死3例、心肌梗死1例、室上性心动过速2例、先天性Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞1例、肾移植术后1例、房颤6例、慢-快综合征1例、类风湿性关节炎1例、下腔静脉异位引流1例。所有病例全部封堵成功,技术成功率为100%。除1例患者术后第4天再发脑梗死而死亡外,随访6个月内患者均无不适症状,封堵器位置良好,未出现并发症。结论:对于合并有其他疾病的先天性心脏病患者,只要认真准备,掌握最佳手术时机,介入封堵治疗同样是安全的。     

先天性心脏病介入封堵治疗中超声心动图监测的临床价值

目的讨论患有先天性心脏病患者进行介入封堵治疗时应用超声心动图的临床价值。方法选取2014年1月~2016年3月我院进行先天性心脏病介入封堵治疗的患者60例为研究对象,在手术(介入封堵治疗)前、中以及术后随访7天、30天、90天、1年后,进行超声心动图辅助诊断,观察治疗疗效。结果手术前对患者进行超声心动图检测,ASD(房间隔缺损)有25例,VSD(室间隔缺损)26例,PDA(动脉导管未闭)7例,VSD合并ASD的有2例。手术中应用超声心动图监测,成功介入封堵治疗的有54例,总有效率为90%。治疗后随访7天、30天、90天、1年后的超声心动图,能够为封堵器的位置、残余分流以及封堵有效情况提供重要的参考依据。结论超声心动图能够在先天性心脏病介入封堵治疗的前、中、后提供有效治的治疗依据。为手术治疗成功及提高患者的生活质量提供重要的诊断保障。     

先天性心脏病介入封堵术常见并发症防治分析

目的分析先天性心脏病介入封堵治疗中和治疗后常见并发症的发生率、原因及防治措施。方法选取我院2006年来66例3种常见先天性心脏病施行了介入封堵术的患者。其中:动脉导管未闭封堵术18例;室间隔缺损封堵术12例;房间隔缺损封堵术36例。对介入治疗中和治疗后发生的6例并发症作回顾性总结和分析。结果常见并发症总发生率为9.09%。其中:室间隔缺损发生3例;房间隔缺损发生3例;动脉导管未闭组无并发症出现。结论先天性心脏病介入封堵术是一种微创而有效的治疗措施,但并发症不容忽视,尤以室间隔缺损封堵术发生率最高。     

经导管同期治疗复合型先天性心脏病的疗效和安全性

目的:探讨经导管介入同期治疗复合型先天性心脏病的可行性、方法及疗效.方法:13例患者,男5例,女8例.其中房间隔缺损(ASD)合并肺动脉瓣狭窄6例,ASD合并动脉导管未闭(PDA)4例,ASD合并膜部室间隔缺损2例,PDA合并肺动脉瓣狭窄1例.ASD合并其他畸形的患者,均先治疗其他畸形,最后行ASD封堵.PDA合并肺动脉瓣狭窄者,先行肺动脉瓣狭窄球囊扩张术,最后封堵PDA.结果:13例患者均经导管一次治疗成功.ASD合并肺动脉瓣狭窄6例,跨肺动脉瓣压差由术前平均(138.3±41.4)mmHg下降到术后平均(12.0±5.6)mmHg,有显著性差异(P＜0.01).所用ASD封堵器直径为8～24 mm.ASD合并PDA4例,PDA最窄径2～5 mm,封堵器直径为6～8 mm;ASD封堵器直径为8～28 mm.ASD合并膜部室间隔缺损2例,室间隔缺损直径分别为3.5 mm和5.0 mm,用直径6 mm和8 mm的双盘状室间隔缺损封堵器封堵成功,所用ASD封堵器的直径为12 mm和18 mm.1例PDA合并轻度肺动脉瓣狭窄,用聚乙烯球囊扩张、PDA用4 mm封堵器治疗成功.结论:经导管介入同期治疗复合型先天性心脏病具有技术上的可行性、安全性和良好的治疗效果.     

先天性心脏病介入封堵治疗的护理研究

目的探讨先天性心脏病介入封堵治疗的护理措施。方法回顾性分析51例先天性心脏病介入封堵治疗患者的临床资料。结果 51例先天性心脏病患者实施封堵,手术成功率100%。结论加强先天性心脏病患者介入封堵治疗的护理,是介入治疗获得成功的重要保证。     

体肺侧支血管封堵治疗在肺血减少型先天性心脏病中的临床应用研究

目的:探讨肺血减少型复杂先天性心脏病体肺侧支介入封堵治疗的意义、操作技术及安全性。方法:回顾性分析58例并发体肺侧支的肺血减少型先天性心脏病的封堵介入治疗。中位年龄36个月(7~288个月),体质量6.9~64kg,平均15.96kg。本组患儿术前均经超声心动图及心脏CT检查确诊,54例术前封堵侧支血管,4例术后封堵侧支血管。结果:全组58例患者体肺侧支血管共115支,其中63支(54.7%)起源于降主动脉(胸主动脉)。对94支血管进行了封堵(82%),释放弹簧圈204枚。每位患者封堵侧支血管1~6支,放置弹簧圈1~14枚。本组10例因肺动脉未达到根治条件未手术,48例行外科根治手术,死亡3例。死亡原因:1例肝、肾衰竭,1例低心排、灌注肺,1例重症感染、多器官衰竭。结论:本组病例提示对肺血减少型复杂先心合并体肺侧支血管,先期采用经皮介入封堵侧支,再行外科治疗,安全、有效,可减少术后并发症的发生,降低手术病死率。     

先天性心脏病介入治疗围手术期管理及近中期随访

目的对行介入封堵治疗的先天性心脏病患者围手术期管理及近中期随访,观察其并发症发生率、心脏结构与功能及大动脉僵硬度改变。方法 (1)所有131例先天性心脏病患者均进行严格系统的围手术期管理,按照先天性心脏病介入治疗指南行介入封堵治疗;(2)所有患者在术前与术后3天行心脏脚踝血管指数检测;(3)所有患者在术前与术后3天、1个月、3个月、6个月及1年分别行超声心动图及心电图检查,观察其心脏结构及心电图变化。结果 (1)130例患者均成功行介入封堵治疗,无死亡病例;(2)室间隔缺损治疗后:心脏脚踝血管指数、左室舒张末径、肺动脉内径、肺动脉瓣口血流速度及脉压差均较术前减少(P<0.05);出现2例不完全性干扰性房室脱节,1例非阵发性交界性心动过速,2例完全房室传导阻滞,出现3例残余漏;无装置栓塞、溶血及瓣膜返流。(3)动脉导管未闭治疗后:心脏脚踝血管指数、左室舒张末径、肺动脉内径、肺动脉瓣口血流速度、主动脉瓣口血流速度及脉压差均较术前减少(P<0.05);出现2例残余漏,无装置栓塞、溶血、心律失常及瓣膜返流。(4)房间隔缺损治疗后:心脏脚踝血管指数、肺动脉内径、肺动脉瓣口血流速度、及脉压差均较术前减少(P<0.05);出现1例残余漏,无装置栓塞、溶血、心律失常及瓣膜反流。结论 (1)经介入封堵治疗的先天性心脏病患者,严格执行围手术期管理,其并发症发生率低,但室间隔缺损患者应警惕严重并发症高度房室传导阻滞的发生。(2)先天性心脏病介入封堵治疗后,心脏结构明显改善,大动脉僵硬度减小,心血管事件风险下降。     

先天性心脏病介入治疗围手术期管理及近中期随访

目的对行介入封堵治疗的先天性心脏病患者围手术期管理及近中期随访,观察其并发症发生率、心脏结构与功能及大动脉僵硬度改变。方法 (1)所有131例先天性心脏病患者均进行严格系统的围手术期管理,按照先天性心脏病介入治疗指南行介入封堵治疗;(2)所有患者在术前与术后3天行心脏脚踝血管指数检测;(3)所有患者在术前与术后3天、1个月、3个月、6个月及1年分别行超声心动图及心电图检查,观察其心脏结构及心电图变化。结果 (1)130例患者均成功行介入封堵治疗,无死亡病例;(2)室间隔缺损治疗后:心脏脚踝血管指数、左室舒张末径、肺动脉内径、肺动脉瓣口血流速度及脉压差均较术前减少(P<0.05);出现2例不完全性干扰性房室脱节,1例非阵发性交界性心动过速,2例完全房室传导阻滞,出现3例残余漏;无装置栓塞、溶血及瓣膜返流。(3)动脉导管未闭治疗后:心脏脚踝血管指数、左室舒张末径、肺动脉内径、肺动脉瓣口血流速度、主动脉瓣口血流速度及脉压差均较术前减少(P<0.05);出现2例残余漏,无装置栓塞、溶血、心律失常及瓣膜返流。(4)房间隔缺损治疗后:心脏脚踝血管指数、肺动脉内径、肺动脉瓣口血流速度、及脉压差均较术前减少(P<0.05);出现1例残余漏,无装置栓塞、溶血、心律失常及瓣膜反流。结论 (1)经介入封堵治疗的先天性心脏病患者,严格执行围手术期管理,其并发症发生率低,但室间隔缺损患者应警惕严重并发症高度房室传导阻滞的发生。(2)先天性心脏病介入封堵治疗后,心脏结构明显改善,大动脉僵硬度减小,心血管事件风险下降。     

先天性心脏病经特殊途径封堵并发下腔静脉异位引流

先天性心脏病并发下腔静脉异位引流发病率低,是罕见的先天性心脏血管畸形,需要选择特殊路径建立轨道,增加了介入封堵术的难度及风险。我院2000年开展先天性心脏病介入封堵术,总计发现3例并发下腔静脉异位引流的患者,其中2例成功行介入封堵术,1例放弃介入手术。我们总结经验及体会,探讨经特殊途径行介入封堵术的可行性及安全性。     

11例先天性心脏病封堵术后残余漏的介入治疗

目的评价先天性心脏病(动脉导管未闭,patent ductus arteriosus,PDA;房间隔缺损,atrial septum defects,ASD)封堵后残余漏再次介入治疗的临床疗效。方法 2002年8月至2012年3月,9例PDA介入手术后残余漏患者,2例ASD介入手术后残余漏患者,术后随访发现封堵器械的分流,11例患者再次行介入治疗。术后即刻及长期应用超声心动图及实验室检查随访。结果 9例PDA及2例ASD患者中,8例再次置入蘑菇封堵器,3例弹簧圈,术后复查超声6例无残余分流;5例术后即刻存在少量残余分流,3例在术后1个月随访时残余分流消失,2例PDA患者置入弹簧圈后短期溶血,1例经内科治疗后好转,1例行外科急诊手术。结论先天性心脏病PDA、ASD介入治疗后出现残余漏行介入封堵的处理方法是可行、有效的。     

非Q波与Q波心肌梗死的临床分析

本组急性心肌梗死１１２１例中，非Ｑ波心肌梗死３９２例（３５％），Ｑ波心肌梗死７２９例（６５％）。既往有心绞痛及心肌梗死者，在非Ｑ波心肌梗死组分别有７６．８％及３８．８％，显著地多于Ｑ波心肌梗死组的６１．２％及３０．６％。有高血压、糖尿病史及吸烟者，两组间比较无差别。并发泵衰竭、室性心动过速和（或）心室颤动及Ⅱ～Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞者，在非Ｑ波心肌梗死组分别有１０．２％、１０％及１．５％，显著地少于Ｑ波心肌梗死组的１９．３％、２０．６％及１３．６％。梗死后心绞痛者，在非Ｑ波心肌梗死组有４５．２％，显著地多于Ｑ波心肌梗死组的２８．９％。４周病死率，在非Ｑ波心肌梗死组为２．８％，显著地低于Ｑ波心肌梗死组的８．２％。非Ｑ波与Ｑ波心肌梗死比较，患者在急性期并发症较少，病死率较低；而梗死后早期心绞痛较多。     

Renal infarction

A 43-year-old woman complaining of left flank pain was found to have renal infarction. New-onset atrial fibrillation suggested thromboembolism, which was confirmed by retrograde urogram and intravenous pyelogram. The patient was treated with heparin and was discharged on coumadin after evaluation of her cardiac disease.     

Subendocardial Myocardial Infarction

Abstract: Subendocardial myocardial infarction. N. Bayley, D. Hunt, C. Penington and J. G. Sloman, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1982, 12, pp. 166–169.
Sixty–one consecutive patients with acute subendocardial myocardial infarction (SEAMI) and 223 consecutive patients with transmural infarction (TMI) seen in a coronary care unit were followed for one year. All patients were less than 70 years of age. The patients with SEAMI had a higher frequency of previous infarction (34% vs 21%, p< 0–025), less cardiac failure (44% vs 65%, p<0005), and were more often free from arrhythmias (61 % vs 31%, p<0001) than patients with TMI. Hospital mortality was less in patients with SEAMI (0% vs 8%, p < 0 05) but total mortality to one year was similar (15% vs 17%). Amongst patients with SEAMI, two died within two weeks of infarction but all other deaths occurred at least six weeks after infarction.
Patients with SEAMI and a history of previous infarction had a higher one year mortality than patients without such a history (29% vs 7%, p < 0 05). Coronary angiography with a view to coronary artery surgery should be considered in the former group.     

不同部位急性脑梗死早期心电图改变的临床意义

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者早期心电图改变的临床意义。方法分析304例急性脑梗死患者的心电图资料。结果①304例患者中发生早期心电图异常占64．47％，表现为ST-T改变、窦性心律失常、Q-T间期延长、起搏点异常和传导异常。②岛叶梗死组早期心电图异常显著多于非岛叶梗死组（81．97％、52．75％，P〈0．01）。⑧中、重型患者在心电图异常组显著多于无心电图异常组（96例、5例，P〈0．01）．岛叶梗死组显著多于非岛叶梗死组（68例、28例，P〈0．01）。④心电图异常的岛叶梗死组死亡率显著高于非岛叶梗死组（17例、2例，P〈0．05）。结论急性脑梗死早期心电图异常与梗死部位、病情严重程度及预后有关，而岛叶梗死患者的心电图异常发生率高、病情重及预后差。     

脑梗塞合并急性心肌梗死患者危险因素聚集情况分析

自1999年2月以来,我院共收治脑梗塞合并急性心肌梗死患者43例,现分析如下。     

Manual Aspiration Thrombectomy in Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Clinical Experience

Multiple clinical studies have failed to establish the role of routine use of thrombectomy in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. There is a paucity of data on the impact of thrombectomy in unselected STEMI patients outside clinical trials. We sought to evaluate the clinical variables and outcomes associated with the performance of thrombectomy in STEMI patients. We retrospectively examined the clinical outcomes in all STEMI patients who underwent successful percutaneous intervention (PCI) at our center. Patients were divided into two groups, one with patients who underwent conventional PCI and another with patients who had thrombus aspiration in addition to conventional PCI. We compared the baseline clinical characteristics, laboratory investigations, re-infarction rates, and all-cause mortality. Total 477 consecutive STEMI patients were identified. Overall, 29% (139) of the patients underwent conventional PCI and 71% (338) of the patients were treated with aspiration thrombectomy and PCI. In addition to the presence of thrombus, patients with nonanterior infarction, and patients with hemodynamic instability requiring intra-aortic balloon pump support were more likely to undergo thrombectomy. Thrombectomy was associated with higher enzymatic infarction (creatine kinase: 2,796 [2,575] vs. 1,716 [1,662]; p < 0.0001; CK-MB: 210.6 [156.0] vs. 142.0 [121.9], p < 0.0001). However, thrombectomy was not associated with any difference in 30 day reinfarction rate (3.3 vs. 2.9%, p = 0.83), mortality (5.0 vs. 7.2%, p = 0.35), or composite of death and 30 day reinfarction (7.7 vs. 9.4%, p = 0.55). We observed that STEMI patients with anterior infarction and hemodynamic instability were more likely to undergo thrombectomy during primary PCI.     

血栓调节蛋白与脑梗死面积的关系

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者血浆血栓调节蛋白（TM）浓度与脑梗死面积的关系。方法选择急性脑梗死患者243例行核磁共振检查,以弥散像所示新发血栓面积将患者分为腔隙性梗死组、脑梗死组、大面积脑梗死组。以同期住院经核磁共振检查证实无新发梗死97例作为对照组。对各组血浆TM浓度进行检测。结果腔隙性脑梗死组、脑梗死组、大面积脑梗死组TM均高于对照组（P〈0．05）,腔隙性脑梗死组、脑梗死组、大面积脑梗死组间TM差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论脑梗死急性期患者血浆TM浓度升高,可以反映血管内皮损伤,但对于评估梗死面积无临床意义。     

Do baseline atrial electrocardiographic and infarction patterns predict new-onset atrial fibrillation after ST-elevation myocardial infarction? Insights from the Assessment of Pexelizumab in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial

Background

Atrial infarction reportedly occurs in 0.7% to 52% of ST-elevation myocardial infarctions (STEMIs), up to two thirds of whom develop atrial fibrillation and flutter (AF). Prospective validation of electrocardiographic atrial infarction patterns is lacking. Hence, in STEMI patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention, we examined whether baseline atrial electrocardiographic changes or atrial infarction patterns predicted new AF or mortality.

Methods

Within the Assessment of Pexelizumab in Acute Myocardial Infarction trial, a nested case-control study was conducted. Patients with new AF were matched 1:1 with controls, and baseline atrial electrocardiographic variables were examined.

Results

Abnormal P wave morphology (Liu minor criterion for atrial infarction) was significantly associated with new AF (adjusted odds ratio, 1.68; 1.03-2.73). This was also independently associated with 90-day mortality in the overall case-control cohort (adjusted hazard rate, 1.90; 1.04-3.46) and among patient with new-onset AF (adjusted hazard rate, 2.43; 1.22-4.84).

Conclusions

Abnormal P wave morphology significantly predicted new AF and 90-day mortality in STEMI patients.     

急性下壁合并后壁心肌梗死的心电图表现及其临床特点分析

目的探讨急性下壁合并后壁心肌梗死患者的心电图表现及其临床特点。方法对45例急性下壁合并后壁心肌梗死(A组)及60例单纯急性下壁心肌梗死(B组)患者的心电图进行对比分析。结果A组的平均RV1振幅、V1～V3导联ST段压低值及院内并发症发生率均显著高于乙组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论急性下壁合并后壁心肌梗死患者的梗死面积大,院内并发症发生率高。后壁心梗的正确诊断对整个梗死面积的估计和预后判断有重要意义。     

Impedance Cardiographic Findings in Electrocardiographically Diagnosed Acute Right Ventricular Infarction

Background: Thorax impedance cardiography (TIC) can provide important information about the hemodynamic state of patients. In this study, we aimed at finding out if TIC can be used in the early follow‐up of acute right ventricular myocardial infarction (RVMI). Methods: The study consisted of patients with RVMI who were admitted to our coronary care unit between March 1998 and October 1999. The patients were divided into two groups: group A: patients with hemodynamically significant RVMI, and group B: patients with hemodynamically insignificant RVMI. All impedance measurements were performed with the commercially available device BoMed NCCOM3. We measured stroke volume index, cardiac index and ejection fraction by TIC. The measurements were done on the day of admittance (day O), first day and second day continuously, and on the third to fifth day during bed rest. Comparisons of TIC measurements and vital signs were made by Friedman analysis. Group A and group B were compared by Mann Whitney U test and chi square. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: There were 26 patients in group A (mean age: 62 ± 10) and 14 patients in group B (mean age: 61 ± 12). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in age and sex. There were statistically significant differences between group A and B with regard to stroke volume index (32 ± 5 vs 28 ± 5; P = 0.0147), total peripheral resistance (19 ± 5 vs 23 ± 5; P = 0.0084); ejection fraction (0.44 ± 0.16 vs 0.58 ± 0.08; P = 0.0131). The vital signs with statistically significant differences were systolic arterial blood pressure (110 ± 17 vs 88 ± 7, P < 0.0001); diastolic arterial blood pressure (72 ± 12 vs 55 ± 13; P = 0.0002) and heart rate (89 ± 12 vs 71 ± 11; P < 0.0001). The differences disappeared on the second day. The lack of significance continued on the fifth day. Friedman analysis revealed that all the TIC parameters except for left ventricular ejection fraction change towards the normal range. Ejection fraction did not change in group B but decreased in group A on the second day; however it was stable later. Conclusion: TIC can provide easily obtained parameters which may have a role in the treatment of hemodynamically significant RVMI. This is particularly important in coronary care centers with limited invasive capabilities. A.N.E. 2000;5(4):330–335