癌胚抗原单克隆抗体放射免疫分析和临床初步应用

本文报道 应用杂交瘤技术,获得了8种CEA单克隆抗体(McAb),这8种McAb经~(125)I标记NcA,NFA,NcA(J)抑制试验,证明是什对CEA抗原决定簇的,取其中的三种McAb混合后,其亲和常数为2×10~(-8)M,应用此混合McAb检测239例人次血清标本、85例正     

肺癌肿瘤标志物CYFRA21-1的临床应用及其评价

应用免疫放射分析法(IRMA)检测327例肺癌,297例肺部良性疾病患者CYFRA21-1的血清水平,肺癌组水平16.9±8.4ng/ml,非肿瘤组水平1.9±1.6ng/ml(p<0.001)。肺癌阳性率62.4％,良性疾患阳性率5％。测定灵敏度为62.4％,特异性为94.5％,准确率77.9％,结果均好于CEA、NSE、CA-242。肺癌病人随病期的增加,血清CYFRA21-1含量也随之上升(P<0.02)。对8例肺癌手术病人和10例化疗病人含量变化分析,在手术3～5周后,血清含量由术前的6.4±3.1ng/ml,降到1.8±0.6ng/ml,10例化疗病人,其中8例血清含量均有降低,由17.4±9ng/ml降至4.9±2.0ng/ml,临床证实均有良好的治疗效果,另2例临床证实治疗无效,血清CYFRA21-1水平相应增高。     

北京单克隆抗体CEA-EIA检测盒的临床应用

用北京生物制品所制备的单克隆抗体CEA-EIA检测盒检测各种肿瘤及对照血清985份,非肿瘤对照101例的血清CEA水平及>5ng/ml的阳性率分别为1.8±1.56及30％,而大肠癌、胃癌、肺癌及乳腺癌病人281例(520份血清)CEA均值分别为62.9±253.5;21.6±     

CEA,CYFRA21-1和NSE联检在肺癌诊治中的应用

目的 :探讨CEA、CYFRA2 1- 1和NSE 3种肿瘤标志物联检在肺癌诊治中的应用及胸水与血清水平同时测定在肺癌诊断中的差异。方法 :放免法测定CEA、CYRFA2 1- 1和NSE。共测定 37例健康成人、2 6例肺良性疾病及 5 3例肺癌患者的血清 ,并对 5 3例肺癌患者中的 33例同时进行了胸水 3项标志物的测定。结果 :健康成人组CEA为 (2 6 8± 1 75 )ng/ml,CYFRA2 1- 1为 (1 5 2± 0 86 )ng/ml,NSE为 (8 77± 4 13)ng/ml。肺良性疾病组CEA为 (5 4 8± 3 2 6 )ng/ml,CYFRA2 1- 1为 (5 32± 2 2 7)ng/ml,NSE为 (15 2 1± 11 36 )ng/ml,肺癌组CEA为 (2 4 95± 18 36 )ng/ml,CYFRA2 1- 1为 (17 81± 11 35 )ng/ml,NSE为 (19 85± 14 2 2 )ng/ml。肺癌组 3项标志物均较健康成人组有显著增高 (P <0 0 1) ,敏感性分别为 2 4 5 %、71 7%、35 8% ,3项联检敏感性为 83 0 % ,较肺良性疾病组CEA、CYFRA2 1- 1两项有显著增高 (P <0 0 1) ,NSE增高不明显 (P >0 0 5 ) ,肺良性疾病组较健康成人组均有显著性增高 (P <0 0 5及P <0 0 1)。同时测定 33项肺癌患者的胸水标本 ,胸水 3项标志物中的CEA、NSE水平较血清增高 ,但无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,CYFRA2 1- 1显著增高(P <0 0 1) ,3项标志物水平与血清相比敏感性均增高     

120例结直肠癌手术前后血清CEA RIA测定的临床观察

为了解结直肠癌患者血清中CEA的水平与该疾病的关系 ,采用RIA法对 12 0例结直肠癌患者手术前后的血清进行了CEA检测 ,同时检测了 2 4名正常人作为对照。结果显示 :正常组CEA为 9.84± 2 .4 4ng/mL ,术前患病组CEA为 38.85± 19.2 1ng/mL ,其中结肠癌组为 37.4 3± 18.5 8ng/mL ,直肠癌组为 39.72± 2 0 .6 7ng/mL ,正常组与患病组比较P <0 .0 1,结肠癌组与直肠癌组比较P >0 .0 5。术后 2个月内对 4 4例术前CEA阳性者进行监测 ,37例CEA降至 11.2 1± 3.6 5ng/mL ,7例因手术无法根治 ,CEA为 5 0 .6 3± 2 4 .38ng/mL。术后长达 6年随访监测有 4 1例复发 ,CEA水平为 4 3.12± 2 7.15ng/mL ,4 1例复发患者中 3年内复发率占 87.80 %。结论 :CEA水平检测对结直肠癌患者术前诊断 ,术后疗效评估及监测肿瘤复发与转移是一种简便易行的有效手段。     

大鼠抗人血红蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及其特性定鉴

将人血红蛋白(Hb)免疫LOU/M(IgK-1a)大鼠,取脾细胞与IR983F大鼠骨髓瘤细胞融合,制备了3株大鼠抗Hb单克隆抗体(McAb)2A10、9B5,4F12杂交瘤细胞株。3种McAb腹水效价分别为1:16×10~4、1:3.2×10~4、1:323×10~4。培养上清效价分别为1:256、1:16、1:8。亚类测定分别为IgM、IgG2_a、IgG2_4、染色体记数2A10为60±5,9B5为72±6。3种McAb的亲和常数分别为1.28×10~6M~(-1)、6.35×10~7M~(-1),3.64×10~8M~(-1)。特异性检测表明3种McAb与人Hb及人红细胞的亲和力明显高于其它种类动物的红细胞,与无关蛋白无结合活性。用这些McAb检测Hb最低可测到1υg水平,检测人红细胞可检测到4～8个RBC/ml(相当于90～190ngHb/ml)。大大高于目前临床常用的测定潜血方法。     

RIA诊断妇科恶性肿瘤的临床价值

近几年虽已有应用RIA诊断妇科恶性肿瘤的报告,但应用多种肿瘤标志检测作对比性探讨尚不多,为此我们选用SF、CEA、CA-50、β_2-m等四种肿瘤标志进行检测,探讨RIA对妇科恶性肿瘤诊断的临床价值。病例和方法一、病例:共检测319例,其中恶性274例,良性45例,疾病按组织学分类(表1)。二、方法:所有病例取同一血清标本作SF、CA-50、CEA、β_2-m检测。 (一)CA-50(IRMA):由中国医学科院肿瘤研究所提供,以≥20U/ml为阳性。 (二)SF(RIA双抗法):由上海试剂研究所提供,≥160ng/ml为阳性。 (三)CEA(RIA双抗法):由上海生物制品研究所提供,≥20ng/ml为阳性。 (四)β_2-m(RIA双抗法):由北京北方免疫试剂研究所提供,≥4μg/ml为阳性。 (五)仪器:采用北京261厂生产的FT-613自动计算~(125)I放免测量仪。     

抗利尿激素单克隆抗体的制备及初步应用

作者应用B淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术,成功地建立了分泌抗抗利尿激素(ADH)的McAb细胞株,所获的3株细胞分泌的McAb分别为IgG1,IgG2a,IgG2b。其诱生腹水滴度可达1×10~(-5)～5×10~(-5),灵敏度为2.5ng/ml。抗体亲和力K值在(3～4)×10~(-9)L/M之间,受温度影响明显。McAb与11种神经肽进行竞争抑制试验,均无交叉反应。静脉注射McAb可使新西兰兔尿量明显增加。用免疫组化的方法对大鼠下丘脑神经细胞进     

用单克隆抗体ELISA一步法检测人血清甲胎蛋白

<正> 检测人血清中甲胎蛋白(AFP)含量的方法,历经不断改进,其灵敏度已由 30000ng/ml提高到 0.1～10ng/ml,阳性率也从70％提高到90%以上。但目前所用抗体大多为异种动物免疫血清,生产工艺复杂,批间差异较大,难以标准化。单克隆抗体(McAb)的问世,为免疫学诊断提供了良好的工具。本文运用两种AFP McAb建成检测AFP的ELTSA一步法,以期开发新一代诊断试剂。     

抗利尿激素单克隆抗体的制备及初步应用

应用B淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术,成功地建立了分泌抗抗利尿激素(ADH)的单克隆抗体细胞株。新获的细胞株分泌的单克隆抗体类型属IgG2a。具诱生腹水抗体滴度可达1.2×10~4稀释度,灵敏度为2.5ng/ml。抗体的亲和常数为3.11×10~9L/mol,亲和力受温度影响明显。ADH McAb与催产素等11种神经肽进行竞争抑制试验均无交叉反应,静脉注射McAb可使新西兰白免尿量明显增加。用PAP免疫组化的方法对人和大鼠下丘脑神经细胞进行ADH定位检测,视上核及室旁核的神经细胞及神经纤维均有明显清晰的染色颗粒。应用放射免疫方法检测大鼠垂体,下丘脑组织ADH含量分别为186.46±53.23ng/mg,3.32±1.69ng/mg。因此,抗ADH McAb在八DH的组织学定位,组织含量的测定,以及作为中和剂应用在各种疾病的研究上都有重要的意义。     

CA-125 in fine-needle aspirates of solid tumors: Comparison with cytologic diagnosis and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) assay

One hundred and twenty-two fine needle aspirates (FNA) from female patients were studied to determine whether CA-125 assay contributed to cytologic diagnosis and CEA assay. Cytologic examination was done on Papanicolaou-stained smears and cell blocks, CEA by EIA (Abbott Laboratory, > 5 ng/ml cutoff) and CA-125 by RIA (Abbott Laboratory, North Chicago, IL, > 66 μ/ml cutoff). Final diagnosis were correlated with histologic diagnosis when available, clinical, radiologic studies, and follow-up. Results: 29 benign, 93 malignant. Sensitivities and specificities: cytology, 91%, 100%; CEA: 59%, 86%; CA-125, 50%, 55%. CEA plus cytology sensitivity, 97%. CA-125 content was highest in endometrial/ovarian carcinoma (39,899 μ/ml) and < 5,000 μ/ml in other tumors and benign FNA in contrast to CEA which showed highest levels in carcinomas of colon, pancreas, and lung (> 280 ng/ml). While elevated CEA enhances the sensitivity of cytologic diagnosis of carcinomas of the colon, pancreas, and lung, low CEA and high CA-125 content supports an ovarian/endometrial primary. Diagn Cytopathol 1996;14:121–125. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Measurement of CA125, carcinoembryonic antigen, and alpha-fetoprotein in ovarian cyst fluid: diagnostic adjunct to cytology.

This study used CA125, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) to classify ovarian cysts by measuring the levels of the three antigens; this information was useful when fluid obtained through laparoscopic puncture of ovarian cysts was submitted for cytologic examination from patients for whom tissue was unavailable for classification. We studied 136 consecutive cyst fluids (108 benign, 28 malignant) and correlated the findings with the tissue diagnosis. All three antigens were very low (CEA, less than 0.5 ng/ml; CA125, 55-2,143 mu/ml; and AFP, less than 4.8 ng/ml) in follicular and lutein cysts. Markedly elevated CA125 (296-1,950,000 mu/ml) and low CEA (0.5-220 ng/ml) and AFP (less than 4.8 ng/ml) levels were seen in patients with serous neoplasms, both benign and malignant. Elevated CEA (greater than 600 ng/ml) and CA125 (56-65,330 mu/ml) levels were seen in primary mucinous cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma. Two patients with colonic carcinoma metastatic to the ovary had an elevated CEA (greater than 600 ng/ml) and a normal CA125. Only one patient, with a malignant teratoma, had an elevated AFP. The adjunctive use of CEA and CA125 is recommended for the classification of ovarian cysts.     

抗Epstein－Bars病毒壳抗原gp125单克隆抗体的研制

用重组痘苗病毒在１４３细胞上表达的ｇＰ１２５粗提物免疫Ｂａｌｂ／Ｃ小鼠，用杂交瘤技术获得７株稳定分泌抗Ｅｐｓｔｅｉｎ－Ｂａｒｓ（ＥＢ）病毒ｇｐ１２５单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。对杂交瘤细胞及单克隆抗体进行一系列分析和鉴定，初步建立了用表达产物及特异性单克隆抗体检测ＥＢ病毒ＩｇＡ／ｇｐ１２５抗体的三步ＥＬＩＳＡ法。用此法检测ＩｇＡ／ＶＣＡ阳性的鼻咽癌病人血清及ＩｇＡ／ＶＣＡ阴性的正常人血清，结果完全吻合。     

可溶性B7-H4在早期胃癌中的诊断价值探讨

目的:探讨可溶性B7-H4(soluble B7-H4,sB7-H4)在早期胃癌中的诊断价值。方法:应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)夹心法检测80例早期胃癌患者与50例正常人血清sB7-H4水平,用化学发光法检测血清CEA、CA19-9水平,利用受试者工作特性曲线(ROC),比较分析sB7-H4作为早期胃癌血清标志物的诊断价值。结果:早期胃癌患者血清sB7-H4水平(47.61±13.57)ng/ml明显高于正常人(30.62±8.65)ng/ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。sB7-H4在早期胃癌诊断中的灵敏度(81.25%)和准确性(78.46%)均高于CEA及CA19-9,特异性(74%)低于CEA及A199。结论:sB7-H4在早期胃癌诊断中具有良好的临床应用前景,联合检测sB7-H4、CEA和CA19-9可提高胃癌的诊断率。     

WT1 is an integral component of an antibody panel to distinguish pancreaticobiliary and some ovarian epithelial neoplasms

We investigated whether a panel of antibodies including WT1 could separate pancreaticobiliary and ovarian carcinomas by staining 64 pancreaticobiliary adenocarcinomas, 41 ovarian serous carcinomas, and 12 primary ovarian mucinous neoplasms with WT1, cytokeratin (CK) 17, CK20, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and CA-125. Moderate or strong intensity reactivity in more than 25% of cells was a positive result. Of the ovarian serous carcinomas, 38 (93%) were WT1 reactive and 22 (54%) WT1 positive, 9 (22%) had CK20 reactivity, and 3 (7%) were CK20 positive in fewer than 50% of cells. All were CK17 or CEA nonreactive. Of the ovarian mucinous neoplasms, all were WT1 and CK17 nonreactive and 11 (92%) were CEA reactive, 8 (67%) CEA positive, 10 (83%) CK20 reactive, and 6 (50%) CK20 positive. Of the pancreaticobiliary adenocarcinomas, 19 (30%) were CK20 positive, 27 (42%) CK17 positive, and 52 (81%) CEA positive. All were WT1 nonreactive. A panel including WT1, CK17, CK20, and CEA is useful to distinguish pancreaticobiliary and ovarian serous carcinomas. Extensive CK17 reactivity is supportive of a pancreaticobiliary adenocarcinoma when the differential diagnosis includes ovarian mucinous neoplasm. None of the antibodies positively identified ovarian mucinous neoplasms.     

血清肿瘤标志物联检在结直肠癌诊断中的价值

目的:研究结直肠癌患者血清中多种肿瘤标志物的变化及联检在诊断中的价值.方法:采用电化学发光免疫分析对101例结肠癌、89例直肠癌患者进行血清CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4和CYFRA21-1共四项肿瘤标志物的检测,并与50例健康者进行对比,分析其临床诊断价值.结果:190例结、直肠癌患者的CEA、CYFRA21-1...     

Carcinoembryonic antigen in serum in diseases of the liver and pancreas

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was measured in whole serum and in serum extracted with perchloric acid by microradioimmunoassay in patients with benign and malignant diseases of the liver and pancreas. The level of detectability was 5 ng per ml. This level or greater was present in the serum of 50% of patients with chronic diffuse liver disease, 64% with pancreatitis, 94% with cancer of the digestive system, and 3% of controls. The incidence of levels of CEA of 5 ng/ml or more differed for various categories of chronic liver disease: from 22% in active chronic hepatitis, 46% in primary biliary cirrhosis, 63% in hepatoma, 78% in cryptogenic cirrhosis, and 88% in alcoholic cirrhosis; levels of CEA correlated with degrees of impairment of liver function as judged by bromsulphalein retention and serum levels of alkaline phosphatase and transaminase. In pancreatitis, 64% of cases had levels of CEA ranging from 5 to 20 ng/ml and in cancer of the pancreas 94% had levels above 5 ng/ml and 50% above 20 ng/ml.     

两组单克隆抗体联合检测肺癌血清中癌相关抗原的研究

来文报道应用我室制备的单克隆抗体(单抗)WLA2C4、CL-3、Ps-9及Ps-10,用酶联免疫ELISA结合抑制法分别测定了肺癌组及正常人组血清中癌相关抗原(TAA)的含量,并以组合方式将4株单抗分为2组测定肺癌患者血清TAA含量,其中一组还对呼吸系统良性病变患者56例进行了测定。结果表明,单株应用单抗与组合应用单抗检测正常人组及呼吸系统良性病变组血清TAA的检出率均不高,两者之间无显著差异。而单株使用单抗检测肺癌组TAA检出率分别为52％～55％,组合应用后其TAA检出率显著增高,WLA2C4与CL-3组的TAA检出率为79.3％,CL-3、Ps-9与Ps-10组的检出率为85.2％,显示了组合应用单抗良好的互补性。鉴于组合应用单抗的假阳性检出率与假阴性检出率之和小于30％,故有诊断价值。     

肿瘤相关糖类抗原CA125、CA72-4和铁蛋白联合检测对卵巢癌的诊断价值

目的评价外周血清肿瘤相关糖类抗原CA125、CA72—4和铁蛋白（Ferritin）联合测定对卵巢癌的诊断价值。方法采用电化学发光免疫分析法测定122例卵巢癌、60例良性卵巢肿瘤和50例健康体检者外周血清的CA125、CA72—4和铁蛋白（Ferritin）的水平,采用t检验和χ^2检验进行数据统计分析。结果卵巢癌组CA125、CA72—4和Ferritin的水平及阳性率分别为（436．4±137．5）U／ml与72．9％、（43．2±31．5）U／ml与47．5％、（1213．5±782．6）ng／ml与53．3％,明显高于良性卵巢肿瘤组的（62．3±25．6）U／ml与18．3％、（10．4±4．8）U／ml与15．0％、（623．4±214．6）ng／ml与32．0％及健康对照组的42．5U／ml与2．0％、（8．8±3．1）U／ml与4．0％、（544．6±135．4）ng／ml与16．0％,P〈0．01。随着临床分期的逐步升高,CA125、CA72—4、Ferritin阳性率和水平也不同程度升高。结论外周血清CA125、CA72—4和Ferritin联合检测可提高卵巢癌的检出率,对卵巢良性肿瘤和卵巢癌的诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要临床意义,弥补了单独检测CA125的不足。     

The significance of alpha-fetoprotein and other tumour markers in differential immunocytochemistry of primary liver tumours

One hundred benign and malignant primary liver tumours were screened immunocytochemically for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha-human chorionic gonadotropin, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), keratin and vimentin. Alpha-fetoprotein was found in 16/63 (24%) hepatocellular carcinomas and in two hepatoblastomas. When comparing tissue positivity for AFP with tumour differentiation, grade 1 hepatocellular carcinomas were found to be negative, while 21% of grade 2, 36% of grade 3 and 16% of grade 4, respectively, stained positively. Alpha-fetoprotein positive cells were present in 9/10 hepatocellular carcinomas with serum levels exceeding 5000 ng/ml, but were absent in 17 tumours with serum AFP levels below 5000 ng/ml. All tumours other than hepatocellular carcinomas and hepatoblastomas were AFP negative. Carcinoembryonic antigen was present in 72% of cholangiocarcinomas, but was demonstrated in only one hepatocellular carcinoma. This exception was a combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma in which CEA expression was restricted to the cholangiocellular part. Alpha 1-antitrypsin was found in 4/63 hepatocellular carcinomas, in 2/2 fibrolamellar carcinomas and in 2/18 cholangiocarcinomas. Alpha-human chorionic gonadotropin was detected in one hepatocellular carcinoma and was strongly expressed in both fibrolamellar carcinomas. Weak staining for keratin was seen in most tumours with hepatocellular differentiation. All cholangiocarcinomas, in contrast, were strongly labelled with the keratin antibody. Co-expression of keratin and vimentin was observed in seven poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas and three cholangiocarcinomas as well as in the two hepatoblastomas. The findings suggest that AFP is a diagnostic but rather insensitive immunocytochemical marker for hepatocellular differentiation in malignant liver tumours; CEA and keratin may help in discriminating cholangiocarcinomas from hepatocellular carcinomas.