应激对大鼠免疫功能的影响

目的观察应激对大鼠免疫功能的影响.方法通过建立应激动物模型,放射免疫分析法观察大鼠血清皮质醇的变化,电镜下观察脾脏的病理改变,免疫组织化学法检测脾脏T淋巴细胞亚群的阳性率.结果①实验组大鼠体重下降,脾脏系数降低(P<0.05),血清皮质醇浓度(29.96±3.13)mg/L,对照组血清皮质醇浓度(20.55±3.06)mg/L,两组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05);②实验组大鼠脾脏超微结构异常,脾脏T淋巴细胞亚群比例异常,CD3 T细胞百分率、CD4 /CD8 比值均下降(P<0.05),CD8 T细胞百分率升高(P<0.01).结论应激抑制大鼠细胞免疫功能.     

应激对缺锌大鼠免疫功能的影响

目的 观察应激和缺锌双重因素作用下机体免疫功能的变化，并初步了解机体在不同锌水平下的应激反应能力。方法 将Wistar大鼠胺体重随机分为缺锌组（ZD），缺锌应激组（SZD）；对喂组（PF），对喂应激组（SPF）；常锌组（CT），常锌应激组（SCT）。缺锌组以缺锌饲料9锌含量2.0mg/kg），对喂组和常锌组饲以正常饲料（锌含量38.5mg/kg）。喂养1周后，各应激组大鼠接爱光－电刺激，连续15d。然后，取血测定血清皮质醇，取胸腺和脾脏称重，并制备脾脏细胞以测定T细胞增列反应。结果 缺锌或应激时皮质醇含量均明显上升，以缺锌应激组最为明显。缺锌级大鼠食欲减退，生长发育迟缓，出现缺锌体征。应激和非应激条件下，缺锌均可以使胸`腺脾脏萎缩，脏体指数明显下降；各应激组珉春对应的非应激组比较，上述免疫器官的重量和指数均有不同程度的下降，其中，SZD组的胸腺重量和指数、脾脏指数，SPF组的胸腺指数均明显低于对应的非应激组。应激时T细胞增殖能力下降，以缺锌组最为明显。结论 应激和缺锌均可使机体的免疫功能下降；机体锌营养不良使得应激对其免疫功能的损害更为严重。     

三价铬对热应激大鼠免疫功能的影响

[目的]研究三氯化铬(CrCl3)和吡啶羧酸铬(CrPic)对热应激大鼠免疫功能的影响.[方法]分别以CrCl3和CrPic形式补充300 μg·kg-1铬饲喂SD大鼠6周后测定血清中免疫球蛋白、补体、溶菌酶、胰岛素、皮质醇水平以及外周血、脾脏淋巴细胞体外转化率.[结果]CrPic提高了大鼠血清中免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM和溶菌酶的水平,同时降低了血清中胰岛素和皮质醇水平(P＜0.05);添加CrCl3降低了SD大鼠血清中胰岛素和皮质醇水平(P＜0.05);CrPic能增强外周血和脾脏T/B淋巴细胞转化率(P＜0.05),而添加CrCl3并不能提高T/B淋巴细胞转化率.[结论]补充三价铬能增强热应激大鼠的免疫功能,CrPic增进免疫的能力要强于CrCl3.     

太安对大鼠脂质过氧化及红细胞免疫功能的影响

目的：探讨太安对大鼠脂质过氧化及红细胞免疫功能的影响。方法：96只SD大鼠随机分为4组，分别为对照组和3个试验组，用25，8．3，2．5mg/kg太安灌胃染毒3个月，观察大鼠脂质过化及红细胞免疫功能的变化。结果：25mg/kg剂量组大鼠血清丙二醛含量明显升高，25mg/kg和8．3mg/kg剂量组大鼠的RBC，C3bRR,RBC,ICR也明显升高，2．5mg/kg剂量组未见明显改变。结论：太安灌胃染毒3个月对大鼠脂质过氧化和红细胞免疫功能有一定的影响。     

苯染毒对大鼠白细胞的氧化损伤及中药保护作用的实验研究

目的 研究苯对大鼠细胞的氧化损伤及中药保护作用。方法 大鼠吸入不同浓度的苯,同时服用不同剂量的归芪煎剂１５天,观察苯对ＷＢＣ计数、ＷＢＣ的丙二醛（ＭＤＡ＿Ｗ）含量、ＷＢＣ膜脂流动性（Ｌ－Ｗ）改变。结果 随着染毒浓度的增加,ＷＢＣ计数降低,而ＭＤＡ－Ｗ含量增多,高剂量组差异明显（Ｐ〈０．０５）,各染毒组Ｌ－Ｗ随着苯浓度升高而逐渐下降（Ｐ〈０．０５）。吸苯同时服用归芪煎剂的大鼠ＷＢＣ计数、ＭＤＡ－Ｗ、     

金银花对大鼠免疫功能影响的研究

目的从分子水平探讨金银花对大鼠免疫功能的影响,为金银花的临床应用提供理论依据。方法 大鼠用金银花水煎剂灌胃2周后,分别检测其巨噬细胞吞噬功能,MTT法检测淋巴细胞转化能力,RT-PCR检测TH1细胞分泌的IL-2、TNF-α、IFN-γ的mRNA表达情况。结果服用金银花后能显著提高巨噬细胞吞噬率及吞噬指数,当金银花用量达到2.5 g/kg体重时,能增强机体的淋巴细胞转化率,以及增强Th1细胞分泌IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α。结论金银花水煎剂可明显增强机体的免疫功能。     

应激对缺锌和补锌大鼠脂质过氧化的影响

以电击和束缚两种方式建立动物应激模型，观察应激因素对缺锌和补锌大鼠脂质过氧化的影响。结果表明，无论接受电击或束缚应激，缺锌大鼠血浆及肝脏ＬＰＯ含量均显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），亦高于补锌动物；接受电击的大鼠肝脏ＭＴ含量显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０１），补锌后增加更明显。结果提示，电击或束缚应激可增强大鼠的脂质过氧化反应，补锌可减轻其应激性氧化损伤     

环境细颗粒物亚慢性染毒对大鼠炎症损伤及免疫功能的影响研究

目的建立细颗粒物的亚慢性暴露动物模型,探讨PM2.5对大鼠炎症损伤及免疫功能的影响。方法应用气管滴注建立细颗粒物的亚慢性暴露动物模型;光镜下观察各脏器病理学变化;采用相应的试剂盒测定肺泡灌洗液中的总蛋白和唾液酸水平;ELISA方法检测细胞因子IL-6和TNF-α水平,采用RT-PCR方法检测肺组织中这两种细胞因子的表达水平;收集肺泡巨噬细胞,采用孔雀绿比色法检测巨噬细胞的吞噬功能;取脾脏,采用MTT方法检测淋巴细胞的增殖功能。结果在染毒后的大鼠肺内均观察到异物性肉芽肿形成;在肝脏血窦内观察到有单核吞噬细胞聚集形成肉芽肿的趋势;在肺门淋巴结和肝脏、肾脏血管内观察到明显的吞噬PM2.5的巨噬细胞和游离的PM2.5。总蛋白和唾液酸水平随着暴露时间和剂量升高而增加。在观察的前3个月,染毒组TNF-α表达水平逐渐升高,而在6个月时,TNF-α水平明显降低;IL-6表达水平随着染毒剂量的增加而升高,并呈现明显的剂量-效应关系,染毒3个月后最高,而在6个月后表达水平回落。肺泡巨噬细胞的吞噬功能随着剂量的增加而下降。淋巴细胞增殖功能没有出现显著性变化。结论细颗粒物的亚慢性暴露可以引起机体的持续炎症损伤;细颗粒物对免疫系统的损伤随着剂量和暴露时间的增加而增加,细颗粒物引起的细胞因子网络紊乱会加重免疫系统的损伤;细颗粒物引起巨噬细胞吞噬功能下降,是肺部慢性疾病的致病机制之一。     

橡胶作业对女工脂质过氧化和免疫功能的影响

本文对某市橡胶厂１３６名作业女工及３３名对照组女工脂质过氧化和免疫功能进行了测定。结果表明，接触组ＳＡ、ＬＰＯ、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＧ与对照组比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５或＜０．０１）。接触组的ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ、ＷＢＣ、淋巴细胞相对数和绝对数、ＴＣ绝对数与对照组比较无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。ＷＢＣ及ＴＣ减少与生物膜损伤有关。橡胶作业有害因素可导致作业女工生物膜损伤及免疫功能改变，这可能与橡胶作业工人肿瘤高发有关，但其内在联系尚需进一步探讨。     

丙烯酰胺致大鼠氧化损伤作用的实验研究

选用清洁级Wistar大鼠30只,以25、50 mg/(kg·d)的丙烯酰胺(ACR)连续灌胃4周,每周5 d,每天1次。正常对照组给予等量蒸馏水灌胃。4周后颈椎脱臼处死大鼠,立即取肝、小脑组织,检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活力以及丙二醛(MDA)含量,并在电镜下进行小脑组织形态学观察。染毒组肝、小脑组织的SOD、GSHPx活力下降,染毒组小脑组织及高剂量染毒组肝组织MDA含量升高,与阴性对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ACR对大鼠有一定的毒性作用,并且与大鼠体内氧自由基增加密切相关。     

三氯乙烯对大鼠肝细胞DNA损伤和氧化应激的影响

目的研究三氯乙烯对大鼠肝细胞DNA损伤和肝组织氧化应激的作用。方法选用雄性SD大鼠,每组5只,用1500和3000mg／kg的三氯乙烯经口灌胃染毒,48h处死动物。用单细胞凝胶电泳（彗星实验）检测肝细胞DNA损伤,并检测肝组织中活性氧（ROS）、丙二醛（MDA）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）的含量。结果三氯乙烯在1500和3000ms／ks剂量条件下,肝细胞DNA的Olive尾矩增加,DNA损伤细胞率分别为41．96％和54．13％,也明显高于对照组的9．30％（P〈0．01）;大鼠肝组织中的ROS、MDA均较对照组显著增高（P〈0．01）,同时GSH又较对照组明显下降（P〈0．01）。结论三氯乙烯在1500和3000mg／kg剂量条件下染毒大鼠后,造成肝组织明显的氧化应激并引起肝细胞DNA损伤。     

A Dose-Response Study on the Effects of Purified Lycopene Supplementation on Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress

Objective: While tomato product supplementation, containing antioxidant carotenoids, including lycopene, decreases oxidative stress, the role of purified lycopene as an antioxidant remains unclear. Thus, we tested the effects of different doses of purified lycopene supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative stress in healthy volunteers.

Methods: This was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, examining the effects of 8-week supplementation of purified lycopene, on plasma lycopene levels, biomarkers of lipid peroxidation {LDL oxidizability, malondialdehyde & hydroxynonenals (MDA & HNE), urinary F₂-isoprostanes}, and markers of DNA damage in urine and lymphocytes. Healthy adults (n = 77, age ≥ 40 years), consumed a lycopene-restricted diet for 2 weeks, and were then randomized to receive 0, 6.5, 15, or 30 mg lycopene/ day for 8 weeks, while on the lycopene-restricted diet. Blood and urine samples were collected at the beginning and end of Week 2 of lycopene-restricted diet, and at end of Week 10 of the study.

Results: Independent of the dose, plasma lycopene levels significantly increased in all lycopene supplemented groups versus placebo (p < 0.05). ANOVA revealed a significant decrease in DNA damage by the comet assay (p = 0.007), and a significant decrease in urinary 8-hydroxy deoxoguanosine (8-OHdG) at 8 weeks versus baseline (p = 0.0002), with 30 mg lycopene/day. No significant inter- or intra-group differences were noted for glucose, lipid profile, or other biomarkers of lipid peroxidation at any dose/time point.

Conclusions: Thus, purified lycopene was bioavailable and was shown to decrease DNA oxidative damage and urinary 8-OHdG at the high dose.     

军事应激对武警部队新兵红细胞免疫功能的影响

目的研究军事应激对武警部队新兵红细胞免疫功能的影响。方法采用红细胞C3b受体黏附试验(RBC-C3bRR)、红细胞免疫复合物黏附试验(RBC-ICR)、直向红细胞免疫黏附肿瘤花环试验(DTER)对军事应激前后,武警部队新兵细胞免疫功能指标进行检测。结果军事应激前后,新兵红细胞免疫功能比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);军事应激后新兵红细胞免疫功能明显升高。结论军事应激可改变新兵细胞免疫功能状态,红细胞免疫功能检测,可作为军事应激机体生理功能监控的有效指标。     

煤烟颗粒提取物对大鼠肺细胞的氧化 性损伤作用

目的：通过加入抗氧化剂N－乙酰半胱氨酸,作为实验干预手段。方法：观察煤烟对大鼠肺Ⅱ型细胞生长和DNA交联形成作用的影响。结果：与对照组相比,分别加入10、30mmol/L N－N乙酰半胱氨酸后的实验组细胞毒性有所下降, 从而间接地证实了氧化性损伤的存在;同时,N－乙酰半胱氨酸还可以降低煤烟经细胞染毒所致的DNA交联作用 。结论：煤烟可能是经过细胞代谢活化后产生的某些代谢产物而导致细胞的氧化性损伤。     

Iron,Oxidative Stress and Gestational Diabetes

Both iron deficiency and hyperglycemia are highly prevalent globally for pregnant women. Iron supplementation is recommended during pregnancy to control iron deficiency. The purposes of the review are to assess the oxidative effects of iron supplementation and the potential relationship between iron nutrition and gestational diabetes. High doses of iron (~relative to 60 mg or more daily for adult humans) can induce lipid peroxidation in vitro and in animal studies. Pharmaceutical doses of iron supplements (e.g., 10× RDA or more for oral supplements or direct iron supplementation via injection or addition to the cell culture medium) for a short or long duration will induce DNA damage. Higher heme-iron intake or iron status measured by various biomarkers, especially serum ferritin, might contribute to greater risk of gestational diabetes, which may be mediated by iron oxidative stress though lipid oxidation and/or DNA damage. However, information is lacking about the effect of low dose iron supplementation (≤60 mg daily) on lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and gestational diabetes. Randomized trials of low-dose iron supplementation (≤60 mg daily) for pregnant women are warranted to test the relationship between iron oxidative stress and insulin resistance/gestational diabetes, especially for iron-replete women.     

Oxidative Damage to DNA and Lipids as Biomarkers of Exposure to Air Pollution

Background

Air pollution is thought to exert health effects through oxidative stress, which causes damage to DNA and lipids.

Objective

We determined whether levels of oxidatively damaged DNA and lipid peroxidation products in cells or bodily fluids from humans are useful biomarkers of biologically effective dose in studies of the health effects of exposure to particulate matter (PM) from combustion processes.

Data sources

We identified publications that reported estimated associations between environmental exposure to PM and oxidative damage to DNA and lipids in PubMed and EMBASE. We also identified publications from reference lists and articles cited in the Web of Science.

Data extraction

For each study, we obtained information on the estimated effect size to calculate the standardized mean difference (unitless) and determined the potential for errors in exposure assessment and analysis of each of the biomarkers, for total and stratified formal meta-analyses.

Data synthesis

In the meta-analysis, the standardized mean differences (95% confidence interval) between exposed and unexposed subjects for oxidized DNA and lipids were 0.53 (0.29–0.76) and 0.73 (0.18–1.28) in blood and 0.52 (0.22–0.82) and 0.49 (0.01–0.97) in urine, respectively. The standardized mean difference for oxidized lipids was 0.64 (0.07–1.21) in the airways. Restricting analyses to studies unlikely to have substantial biomarker or exposure measurement error, studies likely to have biomarker and/or exposure error, or studies likely to have both sources of error resulted in standardized mean differences of 0.55 (0.19–0.90), 0.66 (0.37–0.95), and 0.65 (0.34–0.96), respectively.

Conclusions

Exposure to combustion particles is consistenly associated with oxidatively damaged DNA and lipids in humans, suggesting that it is possible to use these measurements as biomarkers of biologically effective dose.     

Effect of Coffee and Cocoa-Based Confectionery Containing Coffee on Markers of DNA Damage and Lipid Peroxidation Products: Results from a Human Intervention Study

The effect of coffee and cocoa on oxidative damage to macromolecules has been investigated in several studies, often with controversial results. This study aimed to investigate the effect of one-month consumption of different doses of coffee or cocoa-based products containing coffee on markers of DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in young healthy volunteers. Twenty-one volunteers were randomly assigned into a three-arm, crossover, randomized trial. Subjects were assigned to consume one of the three following treatments: one cup of espresso coffee/day (1C), three cups of espresso coffee/day (3C), and one cup of espresso coffee plus two cocoa-based products containing coffee (PC) twice per day for 1 month. At the end of each treatment, blood samples were collected for the analysis of endogenous and H₂O₂-induced DNA damage and DNA oxidation catabolites, while urines were used for the analysis of oxylipins. On the whole, four DNA catabolites (cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), 8-OH-2′-deoxy-guanosine, 8-OH-guanine, and 8-NO2-cGMP) were detected in plasma samples following the one-month intervention. No significant modulation of DNA and lipid damage markers was documented among groups, apart from an effect of time for DNA strand breaks and some markers of lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, the consumption of coffee and cocoa-based confectionery containing coffee was apparently not able to affect oxidative stress markers. More studies are encouraged to better explain the findings obtained and to understand the impact of different dosages of these products on specific target groups.     

复合场治疗仪对大鼠免疫功能影响的实验研究

大鼠经复合场治疗仪连续治疗 90天,每天一次的治疗总剂量为 285.9M.T.G,同时设相应未经治疗大鼠为对照组,按7、14、30、60及90天分别处死动物,采血进行细胞与体液免疫分析。结果表明试验组连续治疗90天后,淋巴细胞转化率、可溶性白介素受体-2值（SIL—2R）、总溶血补体值（GH50）及免疫球蛋白值（IgA、IgG）均明显高于对照组,证明了用该治疗仪治疗对大鼠的免疫功能有明显的提高作用。     

急性热应激对飞行员淋巴细胞DNA损伤的研究

我们用单细胞凝胶电泳检测技术探索了急性热应激对飞行员淋巴细胞ＤＮＡ损伤的影响，结果发现，急性热应激使飞行员淋巴细胞ＤＮＡ损伤发生率增高，损伤程度加重。同时我们分析了现有疾患与淋巴细胞ＤＮＡ损伤之关系，发现其现患疾患的飞行员ＤＮＡ损伤发生率明显增高。本结果提示了淋巴细胞ＤＮＡ损伤可能作为评价飞行员停飞的辅助指标。     

钒化合物对免疫功能影响的研究

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