HPLC测定通关藤中ZP-7通关藤苷元B的含量

目的:建立HPLC测定通关藤药材中ZP-7通关藤苷元B([11α-O-(2-甲基丁酰基)-12β-O-乙酰基通关藤苷元B])含量的方法,并对不同产地的药材进行测定.方法:采用Agilent TC-C18柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相乙腈-水(35∶65),流速1.0 mL· min-1,检测波长210 nm,柱温25℃,进样量10μL.结果:ZP-7通关藤苷元B的线性范围为3.183～7.427 μg(r=0.999 4),平均回收率99.95％(RSD 0.83％).结论:方法准确,重复性好,专属性强,可控制药材的质量.     

通关藤药材C21甾体皂苷类成分特征图谱研究

目的:通过建立通关藤药材C21甾体皂苷类成分的特征图谱,为科学评价药材质量提供理论依据。方法:色谱条件:Sinochrom ODS-BP分析柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),柱温室温,检测波长223 nm,流动相乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液(32∶68～85∶15)梯度洗脱,流速1 mL.min-1。结果:通关藤药材指纹图谱选定了17个共有峰,其中2号峰为通关藤苷A,建立了通关藤药材HPLC指纹图谱共有模式,得到不同产地通关藤药材的相似度数据。结论:建立的指纹图谱重复性好,具有较广泛的应用范围,可用于通关藤药材的HPLC指纹图谱评价其质量。     

HPLC测定通关藤药材及消癌平片中通关藤苷A含量

目的 建立通关藤药材及消癌平片中通关藤苷A的高效液相色谱含量测定方法.方法 色谱柱:Sinochrom ODS-BP分析柱(250 mm× 4.6mm,5 μm);流动相:乙腈-0.1％磷酸(41∶59);检测波长:230 nm.结果 通关藤苷A在0.996～ 19.92 μg范围内与峰面积积分值呈良好的线性关系,r=0.999 95,平均加样回收率为96.6％,RSD =2.19％(n=6).结论 本方法操作简单,结果准确,稳定性和重复性好,可用于通关藤药材及消癌平片的含量测定及质量控制.     

HPLC-DAD-ELSD法同时测定22个产地通关藤中3种皂苷

目的建立HPLC-DAD-ELSD法同时测定22个产地通关藤Marsdenia tenacissima(Roxb.)Wight et Arn.中3种皂苷的含有量。方法通关藤70%乙醇提取物的分析采用Agilent Zorbax SB-C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相乙腈-水(45∶55);检测波长235 nm;体积流量1.0 mL/min;漂移管温度80℃;载气压力3.5 bar(1 bar=100 kPa)。结果通关藤苷G、H、I分别在1.768～5.305μg(r=0.999 2)、3.842～11.526μg(r=0.999 0)、3.026～9.078μg(r=0.999 1)范围内呈良好的线性关系,平均加样回收率分别为99.60%(RSD=1.86%)、99.88%(RSD=2.49%)、99.08%(RSD=1.14%),不同产地样品中三者含有量有明显差异。结论该方法稳定可靠,可用于通关藤的质量控制。     

不同产地通关藤中总皂苷的含量测定

目的：建立了以通关藤苷D为对照,采用比色法测定通关藤中总皂苷含量的方法,比较了不同产地通关藤药材中总皂苷的含量,为通关藤药材的质量控制提供依据。方法：以通关藤苷D作为对照品,采用香草醛一高氯酸法显色,在462nm处测定通关藤中总皂苷的含量,并对其方法学进行系统考察。结果：本品在16．08μg～160．μ8嵋范围内吸光度与含量成良好的线性关系,r=O．9993（n=5）,重复性良好,回收率RSD小于3％（n=6）。结论：此方法稳定可靠、重复性好,可控制药材质量,且其4个不同产地通关藤中云南的总皂苷含量为最高,这与云南为通关藤地道药材相一致。     

HPLC法测定广西壮药血风藤中大黄素的含量

目的:建立广西壮药材血风藤中大黄素含量测定方法。方法:采用HPLC法,Inertsil ODS-SP(5μm,4.6 mm×150 mm)为色谱柱,流动相:甲醇-0.1%磷酸(70∶30),流速:1.0 mL/min,检测波长:254 nm,柱温:室温。结果:大黄素在9.92-89.28(μg/mL)范围内,峰面积与其浓度呈良好线性关系(r=0.9999),平均加样回收率为101.28%,RSD%=1.67%(n=6)。结论:本法准确,快速,重现性好,可作为血风藤的含量测定方法。     

HPLC测定扶芳藤中原儿茶酸的含量

目的:建立扶芳藤药材中原儿茶酸的含量测定方法。方法:利用HPLC测定扶芳藤中原儿茶酸的含量,采用Ulitimate XB-C18(2)色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相甲醇-0.6%冰醋酸水溶液(27∶73),柱温室温,流速0.7 mL·min-1,检测波长260 nm,进样量10μL。结果:原儿茶酸的回归方程为A=1.395×107C-1.12×104(r=0.999 9)。原儿茶酸在0.005~1μg呈良好的线性关系。原儿茶酸的平均回收率为105.3%,RSD 1.52%。结论:采用此法测定扶芳藤中原儿茶酸的含量,准确可靠,可用于该药材的质量控制。     

通关藤注射液酚酸类成分指纹图谱的HPLC测定

目的 :建立通关藤注射液的HPLC指纹图谱。方法 :选择ZorbaxSB C1 8色谱柱 (4.6mm× 2 50mm ,5μm) ,流动相为(A) 0 .0 5 %磷酸水、(B)乙腈 0 .0 5 %磷酸水 (1 3∶87)线性梯度洗脱 ,运行时间 80min ,检测波长为 2 54nm ,测定了通关藤药材、中间体及注射液的指纹图谱。结果 :确定了注射液的 2 2个共有峰 ,并得到了以tR4 8.5min的化合物为自身内标的相对保留时间和峰面积比值 ,非共有峰面积不超过总峰面积的 1 0 %。结论 :方法简单可靠 ,可作为通关藤注射液的质量控制指标。     

壮药锡叶藤药材质量标准研究

目的:建立锡叶藤药材的质量标准。方法:对锡叶藤根的性状、显微进行鉴别;采用薄层色谱法(TLC)对锡叶藤进行定性鉴别;采用HPLC法测定药材中的没食子酸含量,色谱柱为Phenomenex C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.1%磷酸水溶液(5∶95),检测波长280 nm,流速1 m L·min-1,柱温30℃。结果:锡叶藤根的薄层鉴别鉴别特征明显,专属性强;没食子酸的进样量在0.026 8~1.342μg(r=0.999 9)范围内与峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系,平均加样回收率为99.65%(RSD=1.26%,n=6)。结论:所建标准可用于锡叶藤药材的质量控制。     

HPLC-ELSD同时测定复方扶芳藤胶囊中卫矛醇和黄芪甲苷的含量

目的:建立复方扶芳藤胶囊(红参,黄芪、扶芳藤等)中卫矛醇和黄芪甲苷的含量测定方法。方法:采用正相HPLC法,色谱柱:Lichrospher5-NH2柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈-水(91∶9);流速1.0mL/min;柱温为28℃;检测器:PL-ELS2100型蒸发光散射检测器(漂移管温度:65℃,雾化室温度:50℃,气体流量:0.9L/min)。结果:卫矛醇进样量在2.91～29.1μg范围内,黄芪甲苷在1.03～10.3μg范围内,其峰面积的自然对数(Y)与进样量的自然对数(X)呈良好的线性关系(r>0.9990),卫矛醇和黄芪甲苷的平均加样回收率分别是99.24%和103.17%,RSD分别为2.6%和1.8%(n=6)。结论:该方法稳定、重复性好,结果准确,可作为复方扶芳藤胶囊中卫矛醇和黄芪甲苷的含量测定方法。     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon

Aim of the study

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against malaria parasites, we have carried out an ethnopharmacological study to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to extracts and fractions from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants used in malaria treatment. We have also explored the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain-2.

Materials and methods

Plant materials were extracted by maceration in organic solvents, and subsequently partitioned or fractionated to afford test fractions. The susceptibility of erythrocytes and the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum to plant extracts was evaluated in culture. In addition, the ability of annonaceous extracts to inhibit recombinant cysteine protease Falcipain-2 was also assessed.

Results and discussion

The extracts showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. The majority of plant extracts were highly active against Plasmodium falciparumin vitro, with IC₅₀ values lower than 5 μg/ml. Annonaceous extracts (acetogenin-rich fractions and interface precipitates) exhibited the highest potency. Some of these extracts exhibited modest inhibition of Falcipain-2.

Conclusion

These results support continued investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents.     

中国石斛属植物文献计量研究

石斛是珍稀濒危中药材,目前正处于快速发展阶段。为全面了解我国石斛属植物研究的历史和发展现状,作者以1954～2010年"中国知网中国学术期刊网络出版总库"收录的石斛研究文献为依据,采用文献计量学的原理和方法,对我国石斛属植物研究文献从文献年代分布、期刊分布与被引频率、主题分布、研究对象分布、作者与研究机构分布等方面进行了统计与分析。结果表明,我国石斛研究明显分为起步(2个)、停滞、平稳发展、快速上升5个阶段;期刊分布存在离散性与集中性并存的现象,已形成核心期刊研究群,并以《中国中药杂志》、《中草药》和《陕西中医》为代表;研究主题广泛涉及临床与药理、组织培养与种苗繁育、成分分析等多个领域,已经形成比较稳定的研究机构和团队,但研究对象差异显著,以铁皮石斛、金钗石斛和霍山石斛最为集中。我国石斛属植物的研究已取得显著成果,但种植产业发展缓慢,供需矛盾突出,预计种苗繁育与人工种植、产品开发、化学与药理等方面是未来的研究热点,其文献报道仍将进一步上升。     

列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属植物传统药物学调查

通过野外资源调查、整理各大标本馆标本原始记录和查阅文献记载等方法,系统整理、总结、归纳了列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属民族药用植物种类、功效及民间使用情况,结果表明列当属6种药用植物在4个少数民族间作为7种民族药应用,草苁蓉属2种药用植物在8个少数民族间作为10种民族药应用,肉苁蓉属2种药用植物在3个少数民族间作为3种民族药应用,且同种药用植物常作不同民族药;发现3属植物的传统疗效主要集中在补肾壮阳、止血和止痛3个方面,并且该传统疗效与现代药理研究结果基本吻合。因此深入研究植物种类丰富的列当属植物资源对缓解肉苁蓉植物资源匮乏局面和扩大药源具有积极意义。     

金银花类药用植物IspE和IspH基因克隆和生物信息学分析

目的:克隆金银花类药用植物4-二磷酸胞苷-2-C-甲基赤藓糖激酶(4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase,IspE)和4-羟基-3-甲基-2-邻苯基二磷酸还原酶(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase,IspH)基因,并对其基因序列、蛋白特性和转录活性进行分析、比较.方法:从忍冬Lonicera japonica转录组测序结果中分析获得了IspE,IspH基因.分别以忍冬、红白忍冬L.japonica var.chinensis、红腺忍冬L.hypoglauca和水忍冬L.dasystyla新鲜花蕾为材料,利用RT-PCR技术克隆获得了4种金银花类药用植物IspE和IspH基因的全长cDNA.运用生物信息学分析软件,预测编码蛋白的结构和功能,并通过RT-PCR检测IspE和IspH在忍冬、红白忍冬、红腺忍冬、水忍冬花蕾中的转录情况.结果:金银花类药用植物IspE基因含有1个完整的开放阅读框,长度为1 221 bp,编码406个氨基酸;IspH含有一个完整的开放阅读框,长度为1 380 bp,编码459个氨基酸.IspE和IspH均为非分泌蛋白,均定位于叶绿体中.RT-PCR分析结果表明在忍冬、红腺忍冬和水忍冬的花蕾中IspE,IspH基因的转录水平没有显著差异,但红白忍冬花蕾中IspE,IspH基因的转录水平均显著高于忍冬.结论:克隆获得忍冬、红白忍冬、红腺忍冬和水忍冬中IspE,IspH基因,并证实了其在不同金银花类药用植物中的表达,为进一步研究IspE,IspH基因对萜类化合物生物合成和花香气以及颜色的影响奠定了基础.