Effect of Immune Complex on the Biomechanics of Blood Flow in Common Glomerulonephritis Diseases

Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a common nephrological disorder. The correlation between degree of glomerular damage, severity of GN, and development of hypertension is an interesting topic in present research on GN. Although the progression of GN is proved to associate with hypertension, no clear pathogenesis is reported. In this study, the author assesses the effect of various sizes of immune complex in three common GN diseases on the biomechanics of blood flow in the renal vascular. Further discussion on the impact on hypertension is also provided.     

Fluid-structure interaction analysis of amniotic fluid with fetus and placenta inside uterus exposed to military blasts

Introduction: Pregnancy-related trauma is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in pregnant women and fetuses. The fetal response to injury is largely dependent on the timing of fetal presentation and the underlying pathophysiology of the trauma. The optimal management of pregnant patients who have suffered an obstetric emergency depends on clinical assessment and understanding of the placental implantation process, which can be difficult to perform during an emergency. Understanding the mechanisms of traumatic injuries to the fetus is crucial for developing next-generation protective devices. Methods: This study aimed to investigate the effect of amniotic fluid on mine blast on the uterus, fetus, and placenta via computational analysis. Finite element models were developed to analyze the effects of explosion forces on the uterus, fetus, and placenta, based on cadaveric data obtained from the literature. This study uses computational fluid-structure interaction simulations to study the effect of external loading on the fetus submerged in amniotic fluid inside of the uterus. Results: Computational fluid-structure interaction simulations are used to study the effect of external loading on the fetus/placenta submerged in amniotic fluid inside the uterus. Cushioning function of the amniotic fluid on the fetus and placenta is demonstrated. The mechanism of traumatic injuries to the fetus/placenta is shown. Discussion: The intention of this research is to understand the cushioning function of the amniotic fluid on the fetus. Further, it is important to make use of this knowledge in order to ensure the safety of pregnant women and their fetuses.     

Scalp marking of intracranial lesions using computed tomography (CT) images. A technical note

Summary A technique for scalp marking using computed tomography (CT) images is described. A reference marker is placed on the scalp and a plain lateral skull film is obtained. Using the CT scan image and the CT scout film, the target is marked on the plain skull film. The distance and angle of the target from the reference point on the plain film are measured and marked on the scalp to indicate the location of the target.     

Rhythmic dentinogenesis in the rabbit incisor: Allometric aspects

Summary We have described differences in the aspects of biological rhythms for calcium and sulfur deposition on the labial and lingual sides of the growing rabbit incisor, where growth occurs along a spiral axis. The calcium oscillations appear to be smoother on the labial side than on the lingual side. The lingual side is characterized by high-frequency rhythms with high amplitudes which possess the greatest percent of the power (Fourier analysis). These observations also reflect a difference in behavior of the mean Ca concentration across the labial and lingual sides. Sulfur rhythms on the labial side have higher amplitudes than those on the lingual side, but systematic differences in distribution of power between high and low frequencies is not as pronounced as in the case of Ca. The differences in Ca rhythms reflect differences in the growth rates of incisors on either side of the spiral axis. The labial side grows slightly faster than the lingual side, and its odontoblasts secrete Ca along the spiral axis and toward the pulp cavity at the same time. Thus the resultant direction of growth is more nearly opposite the extension of the occlusal end on the labial side, and Ca is consequently deposited over a wider area relative to that on the lingual surfaces. On the lingual side, Ca is deposited within a more limited area, and growth must therefore be continuous at high frequencies. The distribution of Ca on both sides of the tooth reflects these differences in growth rate and periodicity in two ways. First, given a unit area of tooth, the calcium concentration on the labial side is less than that of the lingual side. Second, whereas the calcium concentration on the labial side declines rapidly from the enamel-dentin junction to the pulp cavity, it is uniformly high across the lingual side because its growth is more continuous at high frequencies.     

Benefits of the use of the CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> laser in orthodontics

Esthetics is an important factor for patients seeking orthodontic treatment, and not always is the orthodontist able to make adjustments on the gingival contour, and this aspect is neglected. Many orthodontists are familiar with the name laser. However, there is a lack of information regarding their application on the orthodontic practice. There are several options for the use of CO₂ lasers on surgical procedures of interest to orthodontists, especially on soft tissues. There is no evidence that the use of the CO₂ laser has any side effect or contraindication on surgical procedures. This paper reports a series of surgical procedures carried out on orthodontic patients. It is concluded that the carbon dioxide laser not only allows surgeons to enhance current surgical options for treatment but also have contributed to the evolution of a variety of new procedures that are now commonplace in oral surgery, and its use shows several benefits for the orthodontic patient.     

An Adaptive Threshold Dynamics Method for Three-Dimensional Wetting on Rough Surfaces

We propose an adaptive threshold dynamics method for wetting problems in three space dimensions. The method is based on solving a linear heat equation and a thresholding step in each iteration. The heat equation is discretized by a cell-centered finite volume method on an adaptively refined mesh. An efficient technique for volume conservation is developed on the nonuniform meshes based on a quick-sorting operation. By this method, we compute some interesting wetting problems on complicated surfaces. Numerical results verify some recent theories for the apparent contact angle on rough and chemically patterned surfaces.     

Lynch syndrome: genetics and surgery

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer or Lynch Syndrome, caused by germinal mutations in mismatch deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair genes, is the most common form of hereditary colorectal cancer. The identification of these individuals is not easy and is based on clinical and molecular criteria. A review is presented on the genetics and diagnosis in Lynch Syndrome, as well as on its surgical management and prevention     

自身免疫性胰腺炎临床研究进展

近年来,自身免疫性胰腺炎(AIP)研究逐渐进展.AIP是由自身免疫机制介导的,以淋巴细胞、浆细胞浸润伴有胰腺纤维化及功能障碍为特征的特殊的慢性胰腺炎,可累及胆管、涎腺、肾等胰外器官.常见的临床表现包括梗阻性黄疸、腹痛、体重减轻等,类似于胰腺癌.本病采用类固醇类药物治疗效果显著.目前,各国的AIP诊断标准尚未达成一致.对其病理学分型、影像学表现、血清学标志、活检技术均有各种新进展,而AIP与胰腺癌的鉴别诊断则是研究热点.     

Coronavirus disease 2019: Implications of emerging infections for transplantation

The recent identification of an outbreak of 2019‐ novel Coronavirus is currently evolving, and the impact on transplantation is unknown. However, it is imperative that we anticipate the potential impact on the transplant community in order to avert severe consequences of this infection on both the transplant community and contacts of transplant patients.     

Coronary-coronary bypass with composite radial artery graft

Coronary-coronary bypass by using composite radial artery graft is performed between the proximal right coronary artery (RCA) and distal RCA branches. The radial artery (RA) is harvested, then the distal portion of RA is transected. A 10-mm long arteriotomy is performed on the main RA graft. The transected distal portion of RA is anastomosed on the main RA graft with 8-0 polyprolene suture material. Longitudinal arteriotomy is done on the proximal part of RCA followed by proximal anastomosis of the composite graft. Patency of the proximal part of the RCA is controlled by antegrade cardioplegia infusion. The distal limb of the composite graft is anastomosed on to the posteriolateral branch and then the second limb is anastomosed on to posterior the descending branch of the RCA.     

Data-driven robust value iteration control with application to wind turbine pitch control

For the large equipment, system model is usually difficult to obtain, or changes slowly with the running time. Therefore, some methods based on accurate model are difficult to apply, such as wind turbine. Therefore, the data-based robust value iteration method based on data is studied for variable pitch control of wind turbine for the first time, which can deal with uncertainty and do not require an accurate model. First, a new data-driven Bellman equation is derived base on the system operation data. Next, the robust VI structure based on data is designed, which is a model free iteration algorithm. Then, a data-driven value iteration pitch controller is proposed, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the control method.     

A Priori Subcell Limiting Approach for the FR/CPR Method on Unstructured Meshes

A priori subcell limiting approach is developed for high-order flux reconstruction/correction procedure via reconstruction (FR/CPR) methods on two-dimensional unstructured quadrilateral meshes. Firstly, a modified indicator based on modal energy coefficients is proposed to detect troubled cells, where discontinuities exist. Then, troubled cells are decomposed into nonuniform subcells and each subcell has one solution point. A second-order finite difference shock-capturing scheme based on nonuniform nonlinear weighted (NNW) interpolation is constructed to perform the calculation on troubled cells while smooth cells are calculated by the CPR method. Numerical investigations show that the proposed subcell limiting strategy on unstructured quadrilateral meshes is robust in shock-capturing.     

Les variations de la cortisolémie chez le brûlé et leur relation avec celles des acides aminés plasmatiques: Etude biochimique portant sur 19 sujets

Cortisolemia from burn patients is measured during 28 days. The relation between the cortisolemia and values from 16 plasma amino acids is studied on the fourth and on the seventh day after injury. Cortisolemia is higher in the severely burned patients than in mild injured patients. A correlation between the burn surface area and the cortisolemia is found on day four and on day seven. Cortisolemia is also higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors. Plasma methionine, on day four, and plasma phenylalanine, on day seven, are correlated with cortisolemia. This result suggests that hyperphenylalaninemia results from protein breakdown which is essentially cortisol-mediated. However, cortisol does not seem to have a central place in control of amino acidemia after burn injury.     

Small angioma of the choroid plexus as a cause of primary intraventricular haemorrhage

Summary A case of primary intraventricular haematoma due to rupture of an angioma of the choroid plexus is presented. Special emphasis is laid on early diagnosis by CT scan and angiography and on a deliberate two-stage surgical procedure. The literature on this rare type of cerebral vascular malformation is reviewed.     

Non-subungual melanomas of the hand.

The non-subungual area of the hand is a rare anatomical site for malignant melanoma, lesions in this site comprising only 0.37% of 8,584 cutaneous melanomas in the Sydney Melanoma Unit database. This is approximately the same frequency of melanoma as is found on the subungual region of the hand, which represents a much smaller surface area. Not only is the sub-site distribution on the hand unusual but in addition the histogenetic types of melanoma found on the dorsum of the hand are not those commonly encountered on sun exposed skin. In this study, comparison is made between melanomas occurring on the non-subungual areas of the hand and those on the foot, an anatomically similar surface area. Comparison is also made between melanomas arising on the dorsal non-subungual surface of the hand and those on the face, a region with an equivalent surface area and similar sun exposure. The results of surgical treatment of 31 melanomas of the non-subungual region of the hand are reviewed.     

Skin burns after laser exposure: histological analysis and predictive simulation

Thermal effects of laser irradiation on skin are investigated in this paper. The main purpose is to determine the damage level induced by a laser exposure. Potential burns induced by two lasers (wavelength 808nm and 1940nm) are studied and animal experimentations are performed. Several exposure durations and laser powers are tested. Based on previous works, a mathematical model dedicated to temperature prediction is proposed and finite-element method is implemented. This numerical predictive tool based on the bioheat equation takes into account heat losses due to the convection on skin surface, blood circulatory and also evaporation. Thermal behavior of each skin layer is also described considering distinct thermal and optical properties. Since the mathematical model is able to estimate damage levels, histological analyses were also carried through. It is confirmed that the mathematical model is an efficient predictive tool for estimation of damage caused by lasers and that thermal effects sharply depend on laser wavelength.     

高压氧在手外科创伤中的应用

目的探讨高压氧在手外科常见创伤中的应用与临床效果。方法2002年3月～2005年12月对手外科常见创伤:断指再植术后血管危象、肢体顽固性溃疡、手部骨折、肢体压砸伤等按常规治疗组和高压氧治疗组进行观察。结果断指再植术后血管危象常规治疗组和高压氧治疗组无明显差异(t检验,P>0.05);肢体顽固性溃疡、手部骨折、肢体压砸伤等的常规治疗组和高压氧治疗组差异有显著性(t检验,P<0.05)。结论高压氧在手外科常见创伤中合理选择应用,可以取得较好的临床效果。     

Correction of the Bony Rings During the Aesthetic Rhinoplasty: Apologia of the Transpalpebral Osteotomy

It is observed that in many cases of rhinoplasty, the final aesthetic result on the face of patients was not satisfactory. The reason is the persistence of ``rings' making a shadow beside the root of the nose. These ``rings' seem to be palpebral but are actually made by the frontal process of the maxilla. Osteotomy in rhinoplasties classically involve the nasal bones. However, the osteotomy in our cases is made on the frontal process of the maxilla. This surgical refinement is detailed with regard to a minute palpebral incision, precisely placing the lateral osteotomy on each frontal process of the maxilla, in-fracture and rasping equally. While the osteotomy procedure is well documented in rhinoplasties, the improvement of the patients' final appearance at the root of the nose after rhinoplasty is less clearly established. This report will detail an innovation based on the author's 15-year surgical experience with primary and secondary rhinoplasty. The improved result is remarkable on the final appearance of the nose. Close-up photography demonstrates the anatomy as well as the technique.     

Guidelines for safety and quality in anaesthesia practice in the European Union

Anaesthesia is a medical specialty that is particularly concerned with the safety of the patient who is undergoing a surgical procedure. This is a prerequisite in order to provide quality of care, which is based on good clinical practice, on a sound organization, on an agreement on best practice and on adequate communication with other healthcare workers involved. Providing a safe environment for those working in healthcare is at least as important as other factors serving that objective. A working party on Safety and Quality in Anaesthesiological Practice in the Section and Board of Anaesthesiology of the European Union of Medical Specialists (EUMS/UEMS) has prepared guidelines that were amended and approved recently.     

Mandelic Acid Single-Crystal Growth: Experiments VS Numerical Simulations

Mandelic acid is an enantiomer of interest in many areas, in particular for the pharmaceutical industry. One of the approaches to produce enantiopure mandelic acid is through crystallization from an aqueous solution. We propose in this study a numerical tool based on lattice Boltzmann simulations to model crystallization dynamics of (S)-mandelic acid. The solver is first validated against experimental data. It is then used to perform parametric studies concerning the effects of important parameters such as supersaturation and seed size on the growth rate. It is finally extended to investigate the impact of forced convection on the crystal habits. Based on there parametric studies, a modification of the reactor geometry is proposed that should reduce the observed deviations from symmetrical growth with a five-fold habit.