缺氧诱导因子-1α表达与胰腺癌病理学特征及新生血管生成的关系

目的研究胰腺癌组织中缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)的表达与胰腺癌病理学特征的关系,以及HIF-1α表达与血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和肿瘤微血管密度(MVD)之间的相互关系.方法应用免疫组织化学方法检测47例胰腺癌和10例正常胰腺组织中HIF-1α和VEGF蛋白的表达.同时用CD34单克隆抗体标记胰腺癌和正常胰腺组织中的微血管.结果HIF-1α和VEGF蛋白在47例胰腺癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为55.3%(26/47)和61.7%(29/47),而在10例正常胰腺组织中均未见表达.胰腺癌组织MVD为37.61±14.3,正常胰腺组织为7.55±2.4,二者间有显著性差别(t'=13.51,P＜0.001).HIF-1α和VEGF蛋白阳性表达率及MVD均与胰腺癌的浸润和转移密切相关(χ2=4.32,6.01,4.75,4.62;t=2.38,3.92;P＜0.05),而与胰腺肿块大小、组织学分级和患者术后1年生存率无关(P＞0.05).HIF-1α与VEGF(r=0.329,x2=5.71;P＜0.05)、HIF-1α与MVD(r=0.594,t=4.96;P＜0.001)及VEGF与MVD(r=0.366,t=2.64;P＜0.05)间在胰腺癌组织中的表达均呈显著的正相关性.结论在缺氧状态下,胰腺癌组织中HTF-1α基因被激活,过量表达HIF-1α蛋白,并通过诱导VEGF的生成而刺激肿瘤新生血管的生成,促进癌细胞的浸润和转移.     

缺氧诱导因子-1α和血管内皮生长因子在结直肠癌组织中的表达及意义

目的　检测缺氧诱导因子 - 1(HIF- 1)和血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)与结直肠癌临床病理及预后的关系。方法　用免疫组化 SP法检测 6 1例结直肠癌组织中 HIF- 1α及 VEGF蛋白的表达。结果　结直肠癌组织中HIF- 1α蛋白呈高表达 ,阳性率为 6 5 .6 % ,癌旁及正常组织不表达 ,HIF- 1α与结直肠癌的浸润深度及淋巴结转移密切相关 (P<0 .0 1) ,与 Dukes分期呈正相关 (P<0 .0 1) ;结直肠癌 VEGF阳性表达率为 4 9.2 % ,癌旁及正常黏膜几乎不表达 VEGF,癌间质血管内皮细胞不表达或弱表达 ,VEGF与结直肠癌的浸润深度及淋巴结转移相关(P<0 .0 5 ) ,与 Dukes分期呈正相关 (P<0 .0 2 ) ,且 VEGF阳性表达与 HIF- 1α阳性表达程度呈正相关 (P<0 .0 0 1)。结论　 HIF- 1α与 VEGF在结直肠癌浸润、转移过程中有协同作用 ,同时检测 HIF- 1α、VEGF蛋白的表达可作为判断结直肠癌浸润、转移和预后等生物学行为的重要参考指标     

HIF-1α在胰腺癌组织中的表达及其对细胞凋亡的影响

目的 通过检测胰腺癌组织HIF-1α、Bcl-XL的表达,探讨HIF-1α对胰腺癌细胞凋亡的影响.方法 应用免疫组化方法检测41例胰腺癌和20例正常胰腺组织中HIF-1α、Bcl-XL的表达,TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡,RT-PCR和Western blot检测21例胰腺癌组织和10例正常胰腺中HIF-1α、Bcl-XL mRNA和蛋白的表达.结果 正常胰腺组织均无HIF-1α、Bcl-XL蛋白和mRNA的表达.胰腺癌组织HIF-1α、Bcl-XL蛋白表达率分别为63.4%和87.8%,HIF-1α mRNA和Bcl-XL mRNA的表达率分别为71.4%和80.9%,两者的表达呈正相关(r = 0.335, P = 0.032),HIF-1α阳性表达的胰腺癌的凋亡指数较阴性表达者低[(1.32 ± 0.59)% vs (1.79 ± 0.77)%,P = 0.034].结论 HIF-1α和Bcl-XL在胰腺癌组织中存在高表达.HIF-1α可能通过上调Bcl-XL的表达抑制胰腺癌细胞凋亡,在胰腺癌发生发展中起重要作用.     

涎腺腺样囊性癌组织中HIF-1α、VEGF、MVD的表达变化及意义

目的 观察缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及微血管密度(MVD)在涎腺腺样囊性癌(SACC)组织中的表达变化,并探讨其意义.方法 采用免疫组化SP法检测46例SACC及5例正常涎腺组织中的HIF-1α、VEGF及CD105,计算MVD.结果 SACC组织中HIF-1α阳性表达率为47.8%(22/46)、VEGF为65.2%(30/46)、MVD为(31.50±4.87)条/HP,正常涎腺组织均为阴性,两者相比,P均＜0.05;HIF-1α、VEGF的表达及MVD值与SACC临床病理分型、TNM分期有关(P均＜0.05),HIF-1α与VEGF的表达呈正相关(r=0.472,P＜0.01)、与MVD呈正相关(r=0.431,P＜0.01).结论 SACC组织中HIF-1α、VEGF、MVD表达上调,可作为判断SACC生物学行为及预后的指标.     

宫颈癌不同部位HIF-1α、VEGF、p53表达对肿瘤血管生成作用的研究

目的 观察缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、p53在宫颈癌不同部位表达对肿瘤血管生成的影响.方法 选取宫颈癌大体标本35例,常规固定,HE染色、HIF-1α、VEGF、p53、CD31免疫组化染色.结果 宫颈癌组织内存在HIF-1α、VEGF、p53的表达,且肿瘤周边区域HIF-1α、VEGF的表达水平较中央区域低(P＜0.01、P＜0.001),p53在中央区域和外周区域的表达水平无明显差别(P＞0.01);肿瘤周边区域VEGF、HIF-1α表达水平与微血管密度(MVD)密切相关(r=0.698 2,P=0.001,r=0.857 1,P=0.006),p53的表达与MVD不相关(r=0.354 6,P=0.102),VEGF、HIF-1α表达水平之间存在相关(r=0.742 6,P=0.001);VEGF、p53以及HIF-1α、p53表达之间不相关(r=0.241 5,P=0.352,r=0.156 4,P=0.421);肿瘤中央细胞VEGF、HIF-1α、p53表达水平与MVD密切相关(r=0.751 6,P=0.002,r=0.834 6,P=0.004,r=0.736 9,P=0.001),VEGF、HIF-1α以及HIF-1α、p53表达均相关(r=0.812 4,P=0.000 1)(r=0.756 8,P=0.005);VEGF、p53表达之间不相关(r=0.321 6,P=0.156).结论 宫颈癌中存在HIF-1α、VEGF、p53的表达,且与肿瘤血管生成密切相关.     

Toll样受体9和低氧诱导因子1α在胰腺癌中的表达及其意义

目的 研究Toll样受体9(TLR9)和低氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1 α)在胰腺癌组织中的表达,探讨其临床意义.方法 采用实时定量PCR法、蛋白质印迹法及免疫组织化学法检测30例胰腺癌组织及其相邻癌旁组织、10例正常胰腺组织中TLR9和HIF-1α的表达,分析两者表达的相关性、与肿瘤临床病理特征的关系以及对患者生存时间的影响.结果 胰腺癌TLR9 mRNA及HIF-1αmRNA表达量分别为正常胰腺组织的2.32(1.41～3.22)倍和2.26(1.62～2.89)倍,癌旁组织表达量分别为正常胰腺组织的1.23(1.18 ～1.28)倍和1.36(1.17～1.55)倍,胰腺癌的表达量显著高于癌旁组织(t=2.642,P=0.023;t=4.076,P=0.001).胰腺癌组织TLR9和HIF-1α蛋白阳性表达率分别为73.3％(22/30)和70.0％(21/30),癌旁组织分别为33.3％ (10/30)和36.7％ (11/30),正常胰腺组织分别为20％(2/10)和10％(1/10),呈递减趋势(x2=13.99,P=0.001;x2=13.15,P=0.001).胰腺癌组织TLR9 mRNA与HIF-1 αmRNA表达呈正相关(r=0.537,P=0.003),TLR9和HIF-1α蛋白阳性表达率亦呈正相关(r =0.511,P=0.001).胰腺癌组织TLR9和HIF-1α表达与肿瘤分化程度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移呈正相关,与患者的生存时间呈负相关.结论 胰腺癌组织TLR9和HIF-1α基因均高表达,且与肿瘤细胞的恶性生物学行为及患者预后差有关.     

胰腺癌组织中p53、血管内皮生长因子的表达与血管生成的关系及其临床意义

目的 探讨胰腺癌组织中p53、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和血管生成的关系。方法 用免疫组织化学方法检测48例胰腺癌组织及癌旁组织、6例正常胰腺组织中p53、VEGF表达和微血管密度(MVD)。结果 胰腺癌组织中VEGF、p53的阳性表达率分别为54.17％和50％,显著高于癌旁组织及正常组织的表达率(P<0.01),胰腺癌组织中MVD显著高于癌旁组织及正常组织。VEGF表达与肿瘤大小和分期有关(P=0.038,P=0.045),VEGF表达与MVD有相关性(r=0.294 P=0.043)。p53与淋巴结转移及预后相关(P<0.05)而与VEGF、MVD之间无关。MVD与胰腺癌临床病理特征无关,MVD与生存期存在负相关(r=0.371 P=0.011)。多元回归分析显示p53、VEGF和MVD都不是影响胰腺癌预后的独立因素。结论 p53基因突变为胰腺癌分子事件的晚期事件,可作为评价胰腺癌预后的一项指标,抗血管生成可能有利于胰腺癌的治疗。     

HIF—1α在胰腺癌组织中的表达及其对细胞凋亡的影响

目的通过检测胰腺癌组织HIF-1α、Bcl-XL的表达,探讨HIF-1α对胰腺癌细胞凋亡的影响。方法应用免疫组化方法检测41例胰腺癌和20例正常胰腺组织中HIF-1α、Bcl-XL的表达,TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡,RT-PCR和Western blot检测21例胰腺癌组织和10例正常胰腺中HIF-1α、Bcl-XLmRNA和蛋白的表达。结果正常胰腺组织均无HIF-1α、Bcl-XL蛋白和mRNA的表达。胰腺癌组织HIF-1α、Bcl-XL蛋白表达率分别为63.4%和87.8%,HIF-1αmRNA和Bcl-XL mRNA的表达率分别为71.4%和80.9%,两者的表达呈正相关(r=0.335,P=0.032),HIF-1α阳性表达的胰腺癌的凋亡指数较阴性表达者低[(1.32±0.59)%vs(1.79±0.77)%,P=0.034]。结论HIF-1α和Bcl-XL在胰腺癌组织中存在高表达。HIF-1α可能通过上调Bcl-XL的表达抑制胰腺癌细胞凋亡,在胰腺癌发生发展中起重要作用。     

低氧对小鼠低氧诱导因子-1α和血管内皮生长因子表达的影响

目的研究低氧时小鼠肺组织中低氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的变化,探讨低氧与血管新生的关系。方法将哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院呼吸科2005年4月至6月实验用雄性昆明小鼠,分为低氧组与对照组,低氧仓浓度分别为10%,7%和5%。低氧时间分别为3d,6d和9d。用免疫组织化学技术检测小鼠在低氧条件下肺组织中的HIF-1α和VEGF蛋白表达的变化及微血管密度(MVD),用Western blotting法检测HIF-1α和VEGF的表达。结果低氧组HIF-1α和VEGF蛋白表达均增加,并且随低氧时间的延长及低氧浓度的降低而增强,而对照组HIF-1α无表达,VEGF有少量表达,P<0·05;低氧组的MVD也高于对照组;VEGF、MVD的表达均与HIF-1α表达呈正相关(r分别为0·730与0·691)。结论HIF-1α/VEGF通路在低氧致小鼠肺组织血管新生过程中起重要作用。     

胃腺癌中缺氧诱导因子-1αmRNA表达和血管生成的关系

目的:探讨胃腺癌中缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)mRNA、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和MVD的表达,探讨其间的相互关系及临床意义. 方法:应用原位杂交和免疫组化方法检测HIF-1αmRNA、VEGF蛋白的表达,用CD-34单克隆抗体标记肿瘤微血管密度. 结果:胃腺癌组HIF-1αmRNA、VEGF的阳性表达率分别为76.7%和66.7%,明显高于正常对照组的20%和0%,胃腺癌组的MVD为34±10,高于正常对照组的15±5,(P＜0.01),.MVD表达与肿瘤的分化情况,即病理分型密切相关,(P＜0.01);而与TNM分期、淋巴结转移和远处转移情况无明显相关性.VEGF阳性表达率与TNM分期表现出一定的相关性,而与病理分型无关,发生远处转移者的VEGF阳性表达率81.9%,高于无远处转移者52.6%(P＜0.05).HIF-1mRNA表达与MVD呈正相关(r=0.37,P＜0.05);与VEGF表达也表现出正相关性(r=0.42,P＜0.05);而VEGF表达与MVD并无相关(r=0.19,P＞0.05). 结论:胃腺癌HIF-1αHIF-1αmRNA过度表达与肿瘤中血管生成密切相关,HIF-1α可以通过诱导VEGF生成而刺激肿瘤血管生成,但这一路径并不是HIF-1α影响肿瘤的血管生成的唯一路径.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.