南充市475例院前猝死病例分析

目的分析院前猝死的各种影响因素,以利提高院前急救成功率。方法对南充市1999年1月至2005年12月期间475例院前猝死患者的性别、年龄,发生时段及诱发病因进行统计学分析。结果年龄大于60岁的人占院前猝死的60.00%。且在冬春季多发;明确有冠心病、心律失常病史的人占院前猝死的56.42%。结论在冬春季节对有冠心病、心律失常病史的老年人,进行积极的预防保健,可减少院前猝死的发生。     

长沙地区12万人口1985,1986两年死亡调查报告

本文报告长沙地区12万人口中1985,1986两年30岁以上死亡者共1494人;其主要死因为心血管疾病,脑中风、肿瘤次之。心血管疾病中,以肺源性心脏病死亡率最高,冠状动脉性心脏病次之。猝死111人,60岁以上者猝死率明显增加。     

Sudden cardiac death in Air Force recruits. A 20-year review

We reviewed the clinical and autopsy records of the 19 sudden cardiac deaths that occurred among the 1,606,167 US Air Force healthy, medically screened recruits (90% male; 17 to 28 years old) during a 42-day basic training period between 1965 and 1985. Sixteen (all male) died suddenly of underlying structural heart disease, whereas no anatomic cause of death was identified in the remaining three. Thirty-two nonsudden, noncardiac deaths occurred during the same period, and only two had structural heart disease. Strenuous physical exertion was associated with sudden death in 17 of 19 cases (0.017 deaths per 50,000 exercise-hours), and the most frequent underlying etiology was myocarditis. Sudden cardiac death, a rare event in healthy young adults, is usually associated with exertion.     

SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH AMONG AUTOPSIED CASES

Sixty-eight sudden cardiac deaths (10.6%) in 642 autopsied cases of cardiovascular diseases were studied. The incidence was highest in ischemic heart disease (29.6%). Cardiac arrest was the most frequent direct cause of death in ischemic heart disease with or without acute myocardial infarction. Embolism was an important immediate cause of sudden death in theumatic heart disease, pulmonary heart disease and infectious endocarditis.     

热休克蛋白在冠心病猝死病例心肌和血管中的表达及意义

目的:探讨冠心病猝死心肌组织和血管组织HSP70染色改变。为法医学鉴定冠心病猝死提供客观依据。方法:选择8例患冠心病但非冠心病猝死案例(A组)、10例冠心病猝死案例(B组)以及7例非冠心病死亡案例(C组).用免疫组化方法对比检测热休克蛋白70(heat shock protein70 HSP70)的表达。结果:HSP70在患冠心病但非冠心病猝死案例和冠心病猝死案例中呈阳性表达,在心肌组织中冠心病猝死组表达水平明显高于患冠心病但非冠心病猝死组(P0.05),非冠心病猝死组均呈阴性表达。结论:HSP70的阳性表达是心肌和血管缺血缺氧的重要指标,对推断冠心病猝死具有一定的实际应用价值。     

Sudden death in young Aboriginal adults with rheumatic heart disease

A retrospective review for the period 1983 to 1988 was made of all sudden deaths in young Aboriginal adults from the Darwin and East Arnhem regions who had known rheumatic heart disease. A total of five cases was identified from autopsy reports. The age range was between 16 and 35 years. All were being treated for asymptomatic heart disease (grade I). The sudden, unexpected death in each of these patients resulted in their deaths all being reported to the coroner. In all cases there was no evidence at autopsy of significant coronary artery disease or bacterial endocarditis. All had evidence of rheumatic valvular heart disease affecting either one or both mitral and aortic valves to varying degrees. No other cause of death was found. This report serves to illustrate the fact that rheumatic heart disease is still a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality in Aborigines, and that while the usual picture of progressive deterioration in exercise tolerance may be the norm, sudden death without any apparent preceding symptomatology can occur.     

Causes of sudden cardiac death in young Australians

OBJECTIVES: To determine the causes of sudden cardiac death in people aged 35 years or younger. DESIGN AND SETTING: A review of all autopsies performed between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 2002 at a major Sydney forensic medicine department serving an area with over 2 million people. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of various types of cardiac disease causing sudden death in those aged 相似文献   

29例云南不明原因聚集性猝死的尸检病理学研究

目的：分析云南不明原因聚集性猝死的病理特点,为其病因探索和实施干预提供依据。方法：收集云南省进行这类猝死监测以来临床与病理资料较完整的尸检材料29例,占同期死亡病例的10．2％。年龄8至69岁（平均32岁）,男16例、女13例。核查心脏标本,观察了主要脏器的组织病理改变,对其中5例还做了心脏传导系统检查。心肌炎的病理诊断参照Dallas标准和世界心脏联合会的共识,标准克山病的病理诊断依据国家相关卫生行业标准。结果：心脏主要病理改变有：淋巴细胞性心肌炎11例、中性粒细胞性心肌炎3例、致心律失常性右室心肌病4例、左室肥厚合并流出道异常肌束2例、缺血性心脏病2例、过敏性支气管炎和慢性支气管炎合并肺气肿2例、主要脏器未找到明显致死性病理形态改变5例。29例中均未见克山病和扩张型心肌病的病理形态改变。心肌炎均为局灶性,5例心脏传导组织检查见2例有希氏束或左束支起始段急性出血,1例炎症波及房室结。4对家庭聚集性病例的病理改变不同,4例首发猝死中3例为心肌炎、1例慢性感染,续发猝死中3例与急性心肌缺血有关,1例为致心律失常性右室心肌病。多数病例伴肺水肿,少数伴呼吸道和肺部感染。部分出现淤血性或缺血性肝细胞坏死。结论：云南不明原因聚集性猝死的基本病理改变不同,多数为心肌炎症、心脏发育异常和其他致死性心肺疾患,未见克山病的病理学证据,致心律失常性右室心肌病等基础性心脏病应引起重视,猝死的聚集性可能是多种因素的综合表现。     

急诊抢救205例猝死分析及预防探讨

目的：分析我院急诊科收治猝死病例的临床特点、发生特点和规律。方法：选择1999年6月～2008年12月我院急诊抢救的猝死患者205例,按年龄、性别、时间分布特征、转归及临床特点等进行回顾性临床分析。结果：（1）年龄段分布,年龄〈18岁21例（10.24%）,18～39岁34例（16.58%）,40～59岁68例（33.17%）,60～79岁60例（29.27%）,≥80岁22例（10.7%）;（2）按季度统计,一季度58例（28.29%）,二季度41例（20.00%）,三季度45例（21.95%）,四季度61例（29.76%）。以一、四季度发生猝死病例数最多;（3）猝死患者在入院死亡病例中所占比例有逐年增高的趋势;（4）猝死患者中男129例,女76例,男：女=1.70：1。青壮年所占比例较大（18～59岁102例,占49.76%）;（5）未成年人猝死者多发生在新生儿和婴幼儿期15例（71.43%）,尤以1月～1岁最常见;（6）未成年人猝死患者存在的基础疾患以呼吸系统疾病为多,共10例（47.62%）。成年猝死患者中存在心血管疾病69例（37.50%）占第一位,而其中冠心病28例（40.58%）占主导地位,高血压13例（18.83%）,是一个重要的危险因素,此外慢性肺原性心脏病发生猝死者8例在本组病例中占很高的比例（11.59%）。结论：必须对青壮年男性以及存在冠心病、高血压等高危因素人群加强健康教育,同时重视婴幼儿的猝死问题。医院要加强急诊科队伍的建设和医务人员综合抢救能力的培训,从而提高猝死病例的抢救成功率。     

Relationship of drinking water quality (hardness-softness) to cardiovascular mortality in Newfoundland

The profile of mortality in Newfoundland was analysed for all deaths occurring in 1969 of persons 35 to 69 years of age, of whom the total was 1036. An exceptionally high cardiovascular mortality (793 deaths/100,000) was noted for St. John's, the capital city of Newfoundland, a city which has an extremely soft drinking-water supply. This high rate corresponds to that observed in the “high mortality belt” reported for the east coast of the United States, and in conjunction with data from mainland Canada, extends the belt across the entire eastern aspect of North America. The proportion of cardiovascular deaths of men occurring outside the hospital was less within hard drinking-water areas in Newfoundland than in the soft water areas of the province. Thus, the statistics reported here of cardiovascular mortality confirm evidence reported elsewhere on “macro-geographic” variations in this disease(s) as well as “micro-geographic” regional variations which may be dependent upon local environmental factors.     

慢性心力衰竭住院死亡病例临床分析

目的分析慢性心力衰竭（CHF）住院死亡病例的临床特点,为心力衰竭的防治提供依据。方法对2002年1月-2009年12月期间于大连市中心医院心内科住院死亡的239例CHF患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果死亡病例的病因以冠心病和高血压心脏病为主,分别为46.4%、21.3%;心力衰竭后总的生存期为5年（2-10年）,男性生存期4年（1-10年）,女性生存期5年（2-15年）;死亡方式依次为：泵衰竭144例（60.3%）,其他并发症死亡44例（18.4%）,猝死36例（15.9%）,脑梗死8例（3.3%）,死因未明3例（1.3%）,脑出血2例（0.8%）。结论冠心病和高血压心脏病是心力衰竭住院死亡的主要病因;心力衰竭主要死亡方式为泵衰竭和猝死。     

Natural deaths while driving: would screening for risk be ethically justified?

OBJECTIVES: To determine the epidemiology and the underlying pathological conditions of natural deaths among motor vehicle drivers. Sudden death while driving may cause damage to properties, other vehicles or road users. Although the Medical Commission on Accident Prevention recommended restrictions to drivers at risk of sudden death due to their medical conditions, these restrictions are useless if they do not result in greater safety to the public. DESIGN: A retrospective study of natural deaths of motor vehicle drivers. SETTING: Natural deaths of motor vehicle drivers reported to the coroner for Birmingham and Solihull. SUBJECTS: 86 consecutive natural deaths of motor vehicle drivers in a five-year period between 1984 and 1988. RESULTS: Of the 86 fatalities reviewed, 80 (93%) sudden deaths were caused by ischaemic heart disease. Fifty vehicles were involved in collision with 32 properties, 20 other vehicles and six pedestrians. Fifty-one out of 80 cardiac deaths had past cardiac history and three had reported chest pain prior to the sudden death. CONCLUSION: An applied normative ethical assessment based on the basic moral principles of autonomy, justice, beneficence and non-maleficence are discussed. We conclude that medical screening of drivers has little benefit for the drivers or other persons.     

Alcohol and ischaemic heart disease in middle aged British men

The relation between alcohol intake and ischaemic heart disease was examined in a large scale prospective study of middle aged men drawn from general practices in 24 British towns. After an average follow up of 6.2 years 335 of the 7729 men had experienced a myocardial infarction (fatal or non-fatal) or sudden cardiac death. No significant relation was found between reported alcohol intake and the incidence of such events. Though the group of light daily drinkers had the lowest incidence of ischaemic heart disease events, it also contained the lowest proportion of current smokers, had the lowest mean blood pressure, had the lowest mean body mass index, and contained the lowest proportion of manual workers. These characteristics are more likely to account for the apparent protective effect of alcohol against ischaemic heart disease than a direct effect of alcohol. Compared with the effects of established risk factors alcohol seems to be quite unimportant in the development of ischaemic heart disease.     

老年住院病人死亡概况及心血管疾病分析

目的 探讨我院老年患者死亡原因及主要心血管疾病。方法 收集我院老年病区1976 年-2011 年死亡患者病例1 920例,对其进行致死原因分析。结果 1 920 例平均死亡年龄（81.48±7.64） 岁,＜60 岁占0.95%,60-70 岁占4.94%,70-80 岁占30.67%,＞ 80 岁占63.44%。其中男性占95.94%,女性占4.06%。肿瘤（705 例）、心血管疾病（328 例）、呼吸系统疾病（307例） 为死亡原因前三位。冠心病（45%）、心源性猝死（33%）、心衰（12%） 为心因死亡的主要原发疾病。结论 我院老年病区死亡患者多为高龄老年人;肿瘤、心血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病为老年人主要死亡原因;冠心病、心源性猝死、心衰为心血管主要原发疾病。     

冠心病患者的心率变异性分析

目的：心率变异性（ＨＲＶ）分析是反映支配心脏的自主神经活动的无创性指标。本研究目的是研究冠心病人ＨＲＶ的改变。方法：通过ＨＲＶ时域分析方法,研究了２５例正常人,４０例冠心病病人的心率变异特征。结果：冠心病患者ＨＲＶ的窦性心博间标准差（ＳＤＮＮ）和ＨＲＶ三角指数（ＨＲＶ指数）明显低于正常人,两组之ＨＲＶ均有明显的昼夜节律,结论：冠心病人的ＨＲＶ降低,提示支配心脏的自主神经功能不平衡。     

Sudden death due to ischaemic heart disease in young aboriginal sportsmen in the Northern Territory, 1982-1996.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence of sport-related sudden cardiac death due to ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in competitive young Aboriginal sportsmen. SETTING: Northern Territory (NT), 1982-1996. DESIGN: Retrospective case series with cases identified from Australian Bureau of Statistics cause-of-death listings and NT coronial autopsy records. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Circumstances and incidence of sport-related sudden cardiac deaths due to IHD; autopsy findings. RESULTS: Between 1982 and 1996, there were eight sudden cardiac deaths due to IHD and related to sporting activity among Aboriginal sportsmen aged 15-37 years in the NT. Six were associated with games of Australian (rules) football. All occurred in the Top End of the NT in the wet season, and all occurred after the first half, or within an hour of, a game. Four of the players had macrosopic myocardial abnormalities (hypertrophy or previous infarcts) on autopsy. The estimated incidence of IHD-related sudden cardiac death among Aboriginal Australian football players in the NT was 19-24 per 100,000 player-years, compared with 0.54 per 100,000 player-years among Australian rules footballers of similar ages in Victoria. CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of sudden cardiac death attributable to underlying IHD was extremely high among young NT Aboriginal Australian footballers. Prevention will best be achieved by funding culturally appropriate long-term strategies to reduce the incidence of IHD. However, in the short-term, community-controlled programs with education of athletes, heat-stress reduction strategies, and cardiovascular screening should reduce the incidence of sudden cardiac death in sport.     

Sudden unexpected death in children with congenital heart disease.

Of 18,000 children with organic heart disease evaluated at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto between 1940 and 1971, 33 died suddenly and unexpectedly between 1 and 21 years of age. Nine had discrete obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract and five had muscular narrowing of the left ventricular outflow tract and five had muscular narrowing of the left ventricular outflow tract. Pulmonary vascular disease caused seven sudden deaths, and arrhythmias (usually due to atrioventricular block) caused seven more. Of the five other children who died suddenly three had transposition of the great arteries, one had a complex cyanotic heart defect and one had an anomalous course of the left coronary artery, which originated from the right sinus of Valsalva. With earlier investigation of aortic stenosis, earlier closure of ventricular septal defect to avoid pulmonary vascular disease, better design of artificial pacemakers and better investigation of patients with angina, many of these deaths will be avoided in the future.     

Mortality from ischaemic heart disease among patients using anticonvulsive drugs: a case-control study

Patients who use phenytoin and some other anticonvulsive drugs have been shown to have raised concentrations of plasma high density lipoprotein. As this lipoprotein is known to be inversely associated with the incidence of ischaemic heart disease the causes of death of all patients with epilepsy known to be taking anticonvulsive drugs who died during 1978-80 were studied. Of 1399 deaths of anticonvulsant users, 258 (18.4%) were caused by ischaemic heart disease. This was significantly less (p less than 0.001) than the 382 deaths from ischaemic heart disease (27.3%) observed among paired controls matched for sex, age, and date of death. The total cardiovascular mortality was also lower among patients with epilepsy than among controls (p less than 0.02) despite there being more deaths due to cerebrovascular disease among patients. The difference in mortality from ischaemic heart disease was significant for both sexes and was not accounted for by excess deaths due to any other single cause. Users of phenytoin, carbamazepine, and barbiturates (alone or in combination) showed 29% less mortality due to ischaemic heart disease than respective controls (p less than 0.001).     

Sudden cardiac death in young Danes

Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) in the young (aged 1-35 years), although presumably rare, is always a tragic and devastating event often occurring in apparently healthy persons. Through the last decades, research have been undertaken to estimate the incidence rate and underlying causes of these deaths. However, because autopsy is not always conducted, the true incidence of SCD might be underestimated. The incidence of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) has previously been thoroughly investigated, also in Denmark. However, data has not been precise in sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) estimates. SIDS is a diagnosis of exclusion and an ICD-10 diagnosis (R95.9), but to what extent this diagnosis is being accurately applied has not been investigated in Denmark. A genetic screening for mutations in an otherwise unexplained death, might identify a likely cause of (inherited) death. It would be of great clinical interest if DNA derived from the Danish Neonatal Screening Biobank, containing DNA from all Danes born after 1981, could be used in this respect. In this thesis we provide nationwide data on SCD, SUDI and SIDS in Denmark for the period 2000-2006 by reading death certificates, autopsy reports, and registry data. We report the highest possible incidence rate of SCD in the young. We elaborate on regional differences in post-mortem investigations of sudden death cases in Denmark and validate a method for whole-genome amplification of DNA from Guthrie cards to be used in genetic screening for disease causing mutations. We found 7% of all deaths in the young could be attributed to SCD. A total of 25% of sudden unexpected death in the 1-35 years old were not autopsied. The incidence of SCD of 2.8 per 100,000 person-years--when including non-autopsied cases--was higher than previously reported. Unexplained deaths were abundant and accounted for 22% of all sudden unexpected deaths. Sudden deaths occurring during competitive sports, however, were only seen in few cases. We found that regional differences exist in the investigation of sudden unexpected deaths. Fewer deaths were medico-legally investigated by external examinations ("retsl?geligt ligsyn") in some parts of Denmark compared to other parts. The same was the case in autopsy ratios. In infant deaths we found that almost 1 in 2000 live-borns died suddenly and unexpectedly during their first year of life. The R95.9 diagnosis did not reflect the SIDS cases we identified. We were able to get DNA from the Danish Neonatal Screening Biobank on 93 cases of unexplained deaths (including SIDS). Due to the limited amount of DNA available from the dried blood spots, we performed whole-genome amplification on the DNA (wgaDNA). We investigated the use of wgaDNA for genetic screening and it completely resembled genomic DNA (gDNA). Future research will focus on the genetics substrate of sudden unexplained death. In addition, we will investigate the causes of death in the 36-49 years old, as these may also suffer from cardiac disease that can be predisposed in the family.