急诊经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术治疗急性心肌梗死

目的 :观察急诊经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术 (PTCA)治疗急性心肌梗死 (AMI)的效果。方法 :13例 AMI患者行急诊 PTCA治疗 ,男 10例 ,女 3例 ,年龄 38～ 85 (6 0 .2± 13.6 )岁。其中 6例并发心源性休克 ,3例系溶栓失败后行补救性 PTCA,4例不适作溶栓治疗。梗死相关血管 :前降支 9例 ,右冠状动脉 4例。结果 :PTCA成功率92 .3% ,死亡 1例。术前梗死相关血管狭窄 (98.7± 3.0 ) % ,术后残余狭窄为 (14.6± 16 .2 ) %。 3例术中发生心室颤动 ,1例出现房室传导阻滞 ,1例出现无再流现象 ,经反复冠状动脉内注射硝酸甘油后恢复。术后 1例死亡 ,11例长期生存 ,随访 1～ 18个月无心脏事件发生 ,生活质量明显改善。结论 :AMI时行急诊 PTCA成功率高 ,对溶栓禁忌证、溶栓失败或 AMI并发心源性休克者应积极行急诊 PTCA。     

急性心肌梗死患者行急诊经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术住院期间死亡因素分析

目的　分析大连医科大学附属一院急性心肌梗死 (AMI)住院期间行急诊经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术 (PTCA)的情况 ,探讨影响住院期间死亡的因素。方法　选择自 1996年 6月至 2 0 0 1年 3月首次AMI接受急诊PTCA治疗的患者 4 3例 ,男性 30例 ,女性 13例 ,年龄 (6 0 5± 12 6 )岁。住院期间死亡 7例 (16 3%)。结果　伴有Killip 3级以上、心源性休克患者死亡率分别为 5 8 3%、4 4 4 %,明显高于没有这些并发症的患者 ;病变血管为完全闭塞病变患者的死亡率 (2 0 6 %)明显高于非完全闭塞病变者 (0 %) ;术中急性血栓形成患者死亡率 (40 0 %)明显高于无血栓形成者 (9 1%)。结论　伴有心源性休克、Killip 3级以上心衰、以及病变血管为完全闭塞病变、术中并发急性血栓形成是急性心肌梗死患者行急诊PTCA住院期间死亡的危险因素。     

急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克介入治疗15例

据文献报道 ,急性心肌梗死 (AMI)合并心源性休克时 ,内科药物治疗的病死率达 80 %以上 ,经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(PTCA )可降低病死率至 5 0 %以下。 1994～ 2 0 0 0年 ,我院对15例 AMI合并心源性休克患者行 PTCA治疗 ,效果良好。现报告如下。临床资料 :15例均为我院收治的 AMI患者 ,男 12例 ,女3例 ;年龄 30～ 72岁 ,平均 (5 8± 10 .6 )岁。前侧壁心梗 6例 ,下后壁心梗 9例。休克发病至行 PTCA时间均在 6 h之内。 15例均符合心源性休克诊断标准 :1收缩压 (SBP) <80 m m Hg;2左室舒张末期压 >2 0 mm Hg;3有明显末梢灌注不足表现…     

老年急性心肌梗死患者急诊冠状动脉支架术的临床评价

目的　探讨老年急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者急诊冠状动脉支架术的临床疗效和安全性。方法　共对 95例住院老年AMI患者的 10 4支靶血管、114处靶病变急诊植入冠状动脉支架 110枚。患者术前合并心源性休克 2 9例 ,心肺复苏 3例 ,急诊冠状动脉造影示多支病变 5 8例 ,梗死相关动脉 (IRA)狭窄 99%～ 10 0 % ,心肌梗死溶栓试验 (TIMI)血流 0级 72例 ,1～ 2级 2 3例。结果　IRA开通率 10 0 % ,110枚支架均植入成功 ,术后平均残余狭窄 (0 .4± 3.5 1) % ,全部恢复TIMI 3级血流 ,无操作并发症 ,即刻成功率 10 0 %。从入导管室至IRA开通时间平均 (17.6± 1.87)min。术后共 6例死亡 ,住院期间总病死率 6 .3% ,其中 4例死于不可逆心源性休克 (休克病死率 13.8% )。对出院的 89例随访 1～ 5 2个月 ,平均 (2 5 .1± 12 .3)个月 ,87例存活 ,存活率 97.8%。 2 8例造影随访者中 5例支架内再狭窄 (再狭窄率17.8% )。结论　急诊支架术对老年AMI患者具有理想的即刻和长期疗效。合理选择器械、操作技术熟练和围术期并发症处理经验是保证老年AMI急诊冠状动脉支架术获得高成功率的 3个关键。     

老年人急性心肌梗死直接经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术的治疗体会

目的评价老年人急性心肌梗死(AMI)直接经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(直接PTCA)的成功率及有效性。方法42例发病在0．5～10h的老年AMI患者接受了直接PTCA,术后随访半年。结果40例患者中的45支梗塞相关血管(IRA)获得再通．成功率达95．2％(40/42),均达到TIMI-3级血流灌注,再通血管残余狭窄0％～20％。5例合并左心功能不全(Killip分级Ⅱ～Ⅲ级)及3例合并心源性休克患者术后症状明显改善,住院期间1例死亡(病死率2．5％)。术后随访半年,6例直接PTCA成功患者(15．0％)心绞痛复发,再次PTCA后血管再通。结论直接PTCA治疗老年人AMI成功率高,病死率低,近期预后良好,是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

急诊冠脉介入治疗急性心肌梗塞的临床观察

目的：观察急诊冠脉介入治疗急性心肌梗塞（AMI）的安全性及有效性。方法：对42例AMI患者在发病0．5～12小时内行直接PTCA术，必要时联合临时心脏起搏技术及主动脉气囊反搏术，梗死相关血管（IRA）43支，TIMI血流0级：30例（71．4％），Ⅰ级：9例（21．4％），Ⅱ级：3例（7．2％）。结果：43支IRA中39支获得再通（90．9％），均达TIMI Ⅲ级血流，再通血管残余狭窄〈20％，5例合并左心功能不全（killip分级Ⅱ～Ⅲ级）及3例合并心源性休克患者，术后症状明显改善，1例死亡（2．5％）。术后6例（15％）直接PTCA成功患者心绞痛再发，再次PTCA后血管再通。结论：直接PTCA治疗AMI成功率高，病死率低，近期预后良好，是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

冠心病介入治疗2466例临床应用-单中心13年资料

目的　分析综合性医院心脏中心近 13年冠心病介入治疗发展情况。方法　共对 2 4 6 6例冠心病病人的 394 5处靶病变实施了介入治疗。病人年龄 2 2～ 86 (平均 5 8 8)岁 ,男性占 80 5 % ,包括急性心肌梗死 335例 ,心源性休克 6 4例 ,急性冠脉综合征 2 10 6例 ,多支病变 132 9例 ,左主干病变 2 1例。B2 及C型复杂病变占77 1% ,慢性完全闭塞病变占 2 1 4 %。介入治疗手段以PTCA和支架术为主 (占 97 4 % ) ,并开展了旋磨、定向旋切、切割、血管内放射治疗、带膜支架术等技术 (占 2 6 % )。结果　自 1995年至 2 0 0 1年年例数平均增长率6 1 2 %。总的病例成功率 98 1% ,病变成功率 97 1% ,术中病死率 0 0 8% ,心源性休克住院病死率 2 8 1%。结论　在技术成熟的心脏中心 ,冠心病介入治疗的成功率与并发症发生率可以达到与国外文献报道相近的水平     

冠脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克的初步临床观察

目的探讨冠状动脉介入治疗对老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并心源性休克的疗效.方法急诊下对16例平均年龄(71.4±4.7)岁的AMI患者的16支梗死相关动脉(IRA)的21处靶病变进行介入治疗.术前IRA平均狭窄99.7%±0.3%,冠状动脉血流(TIMI)0级14例,1～2级2例.其中21处靶病变置入支架20枚,1例失败. 结果IRA和靶病变介入治疗的成功率分别为93.7%及95.2%,87.5%者TIMI血流恢复至3级.无手术并发症及术中发生死亡.平均开通时间(24.3±4.3)min,术后住院期间5例(31.2%)死亡.对出院的11例患者平均随访12个月全部存活.结论急诊冠状动脉介入治疗对高龄AMI合并心源性休克高危患者疗效显著.     

老年急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗的临床效果

目的　探讨老年急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI)的临床效果。方法　 6 6例患者 ,年龄 6 0～ 88(6 8.3± 10 .2 )岁 ,其中 >75岁 18例 ;男 5 7例 ,女 9例。患者入院后经临床和心电图诊断 ,AMI诊断按 1979年 WHO提出的 AMI诊断标准。结果　 6 2例患者接受直接 PCI术 ,4例接受补救性 PCI。梗死相关血管 :前降支 2 4支 ,回旋支 11支 ,右冠状动脉 2 1支。有 6 3例患者的病变血管置入进口或国产支架 73枚 ,3例行经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术 (PTCA) ,残余狭窄 0～ 2 0 % ;开通后 6 0例患者血流达 TIMI 3级 ,5例患者 TIMI血流 级 ,1例患者血流 TIMI 0级。并发症与随访 :2例术后 4 8h内心源性休克死亡。对出院的 5 2例患者平均随访 (2 6 .1±13.3)月 (从 1个月至 78个月 ) ,再发急性心肌梗死 2例 ,心绞痛 4例 ,猝死 1例。结论　老年 AMI患者急诊介入性治疗可最大限度地恢复冠状动脉血流 ,手术成功率高 ,严重并发症少 ,是一种安全、有效的方法。尤其适应于高龄、有溶栓禁忌证或伴有心源性休克的患者。     

急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对高龄急性心肌梗死患者的临床疗效分析

目的评价高龄急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊行经皮冠状动脉(冠脉)介入治疗(PCI)的临床疗效和预后.方法对157例发病在18 h以内的高龄AMI患者梗塞相关血管(IRA)急诊行经皮冠脉腔内成形术(PTCA)加冠脉内支架置入术.观察手术前后IRA的狭窄程度、心肌梗死溶栓治疗临床试验(TIMI)血流、成功率和心功能情况.结果157支IRA,163处靶病变平均狭窄程度95%～100%,TIMI血流0～2级,急诊PTCA后共置入158枚冠脉内支架,155支IRA术后完全再通,即刻成功率98.73%.2支IRA因PTCA后无血流未置入支架.经置入冠脉内支架后IRA均恢复到TIMI血流3级,残余狭窄为0%～10%.1例于术中死亡,2例于术后48 h死亡,住院期间总病死率1.91%.术后随访6～15个月,全部存活,心功能分级(NYHA)Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,无严重的心脏不良事件[(死亡、再次心肌梗死、急诊冠脉旁路移植术(CABG)]发生.结论急诊冠脉介入治疗对高龄AMI成功率高,临床疗效显著,能明显降低心脏事件的发生和提高患者的生活质量.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.