Fingertip injuries

The fingertip is a complex anatomic unit highly specialized in function and particularly prone to injury. Its complex design and the difficulty of secondary repairs demand great care in initial evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment for optimal long-term outcome. The goals of treatment should be to preserve length, maintain sensation, mobilize early, return function expediently, and be mindful of cosmesis.     

胸部损伤

胸部损伤包括胸壁软组织损伤、肋骨骨折、气胸、血胸、创伤性窒息、肺爆震伤、心脏挫伤、心脏破裂 (心包填塞 )等 ,治疗方法各异。下面对最常见的胸部损伤性疾病予以介绍。1　多根多处肋骨骨折根据外力对胸壁作用的部位与范围不同 ,发生骨折的肋骨数量与部位也不相同 ,最简单的为单根单折 ,范围大者可出现多根多折 ,有时甚至发生双侧多根多处肋骨骨折。多根多处肋骨骨折对病人的呼吸与循环影响较大 ,本节作重点阐述。1 1　病理生理　 (1 )纵隔移位 :由于胸壁软化无支撑作用而下陷 ,使负压减小 ,病人在静止状态下 ,纵隔向负压大的一侧 (健侧…     

Adolescent running injuries

Nineteen teenagers between the ages of 13 and 18 years who had been running an average of 23.8 miles a week were attended for 25 musculoskeletal injuries. Diagnoses were similar to those seen in adults. Over 70% of the injuries involved the knee or leg. Girls had more leg injuries. All stress fractures occurred in the females despite their having less than one-half the weekly mileage of the boys (12 vs. 32 miles). Knee injuries were more common in boys. Over two-thirds of the injuries resulted from a training error. Methods for evaluation, treatment, and prevention of adolescent running injuries are discussed.