Growth of human lymphoma cells in SCID mice.

Two EBV-negative human lymphoma cell lines raised in this laboratory and peripheral blood cells of a patient with large cell lymphoma in leukemic phase were injected intravenously or intraperitoneally into C.B.17 SCID mice. One line (OCI-LY18) was derived from the pleural fluid of a patient with a large cell, immunoblastic malignant lymphoma. Cells of this line are of B cell origin and characterized by multiple rearrangements of the JH locus. The second line (OCI-LY17) was grown from the peripheral blood of a patient with a large cell lymphoma of T-cell phenotype which has characteristic rearrangement of the T-cell receptor beta chain. The cells directly obtained from a patient with large cell non-cleaved malignant lymphoma were of B-cell origin. Animals carrying OCI-LY18 developed large tumor masses within 6-8 weeks of inoculation. The tumors were detected in the intestine, mesentery, retroperitoneum, lymph nodes, spleen, lung and kidney. The masses resembled the primary tumor with respect to histological appearance and immunological phenotype. It was possible to generate secondary cell lines from the tumors found in the inoculated SCID mice. Injection of one of these secondary cell lines into SCID mice resulted in the rapid development of lymphoma and as few as 10 cells were sufficient to establish the disease in the inoculated animals. In contrast cells of OCI-LY17 produced small tumor aggregates that did not appear to progress over time and did not cause death of the animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Engraftment and tumorigenesis of HTLV-1 transformed T cell lines in SCID/bg and NOD/SCID mice

Human T cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is recognized as the etiological agent of adult T cell leukemia (ATL). Although HTLV-1 can immortalize human lymphocytes in culture, identification of molecular events leading to tumorigenesis after HTLV-1 infection remain elusive. SCID/bg and NOD/SCID mice have reduced natural killer (NK) cell activity and were inoculated intraperitoneally with HTLV-1 transformed cells to refine and characterize the SCID mouse as a small animal model for investigation of HTLV-1 tumorigenesis. HTLV-1 transformed cell lines originally derived by cocultivation of uninfected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with lethally irradiated leukemic cells from patient samples (SLB-1, MT-2 and HT-1-RV) were lymphomagenic when inoculated into NOD/SCID mice. In contrast, immortalized cell lines generated by transfection PBMC with an infectious molecular clone of HTLV-1 (ACH or ACH.p12) were not tumorigenic. The differing behaviors of HTLV-1 infected cell lines in NOD/SCID mice indicates that viral infection and immortalization of human PBMC for growth in culture is not sufficient for induction of a tumorigenic phenotype. The higher level of engraftment of HTLV-1 transformed cell lines in NOD/SCID mice suggests that this is an effective animal model to investigate molecular determinants of HTLV-1 lymphomagenesis.     

The role of natural-killer-cells in the pathogenesis of epstein-barr virus-associated burkitt-lymphoma in a scid mouse model

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with both benign and malignant lymphoproliferative processes. Recently, mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) have been described that develop EBV-induced lymphomas when inoculated with peripheral blood lymphocytes from EBV-seropositive individuals. To investigate the pathogenesis of EBV-associated Burkitt lymphomas, we intraperitoneally inoculated SCID mice with cells from EBV-infected Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cell lines. In general, cells from BL lines developed into BL-like tumors. Certain BL cell lines, however, were not particularly tumorigenic in these animals. Antibody capable of depleting mice of natural killer cells (anti-asialo GM1) favored the development of these Burkitt lymphomas. The pathogenetic implications of this animal model for human disease is discussed.     

Th17细胞过继免疫治疗对荷弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤小鼠肿瘤生长的影响

目的 探讨Th17细胞过继免疫治疗对荷弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)小鼠肿瘤生长的影响.方法 采用Mini MACS免疫磁珠分离纯化BALB/c小鼠脾来源的CD4+ CD62L+初始T细胞,采用"转化生长因子(TGF-β)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、干扰素γ抗体(anti-IFN-γ)、白细胞介素4抗体(anti-IL-4)、白细胞介素23(IL-23)"因子组合体外诱导小鼠Th17细胞分化,采用ELISA法测定Th17细胞产生IL-17水平;采用DLBCL细胞株SUDHL-4接种SCID小鼠建立DLBCL荷瘤小鼠模型;选择0、8、18d(3组,5只小鼠/每组)对荷瘤小鼠进行Th17细胞过继免疫治疗,计算肿瘤体积,观察荷瘤小鼠生存期.结果 小鼠在接种SUDHL-4细胞8d左右均形成瘤结节,成瘤率为100％.与对照组小鼠相比,3个过继免疫治疗组小鼠肿瘤体积均明显缩小(P＜0.05),荷瘤小鼠生存期均显著延长(P＜0.05).结论 Th17细胞过继免疫治疗对DLBCL荷瘤小鼠具有抗肿瘤作用.     

Frequent Development of Murine T-Cell Lymphomas with TcRα/β+, CD4-/8 Phenotype after Implantation of Human Inflammatory Breast Cancer Cells in BALB/c Nude Mice

Tumors developed quite frequently in some of the visceral organs, including spleen and liver, in BALB/c nude mice upon subcutaneously xenografting surgical specimens from five different inflammatory breast cancer patients. All of these tumors developed within two and a half months to one year after the subcutaneous inoculation of surgical specimens. From these tumors, five independent transplantable tumors, including tMK-2, tHK-1, tYK-1, tYK-2 and tTY-1 have been established. Chromosome analysis, morphologic studies by light and electron microscopy and phenotype analysis indicated that these tumors are of mouse origin. The tMK-2 tumor was highly metastatic to the spleen and liver when it was subcutaneously transplanted into the right scapular region. In addition, the region where the tMK-2 tumor cells were subcutaneously inoculated showed an apparently inflammatory process represented by erythema. After subcutaneous inoculation into the right scapular region, tHK-1, tYK-1,2, and tTY-1 tumors also metastasized to some of the visceral organs, including spleen and liver. From these tumors, in vitro cell lines were established. The cells grew in a stromal-cell dependent manner under in vitro culture conditions. The cells were again tumorigenic at the inoculated region and metastasized to various organs, including liver and spleen, of BALB/c nude mice. Histological examination revealed that the tumors showed features of malignant lymphoma. Phenotypically, these five tumors expressed early T lymphocyte markers as revealed by anti-mouse anti-TcR4aL/β, anti-CD3, CD4 and CDS monoclonal antibodies. To our knowledge, these cell lines are the first T-cell lines showing the phenotype of extrathymically differentiated T-cells in the liver.     

可调控自杀基因的SCID小鼠乳腺癌基因治疗的研究

目的：探讨经强力霉素（Dox)诱导后，丙氧鸟苷（GCV）对SCID小鼠乳腺癌的调控性治疗作用。方法：重组逆转录病毒载体pRevTRE/HSVtk与pRevTet-On共转染乳腺癌细胞MCF－7，接种SCID小鼠成瘤后，腹腔内分别注射生理盐水（NS），GCV及Dox GCV治疗15d。观测肿瘤体积和组织病理改变及用RT－PCR分析肿瘤组织有无HSVtk的表达。结果：乳腺癌SCID小鼠Dox GCV治疗15d后，肿瘤体积明显减小，生长受抑，组间比较有显著性差异（P＜0．05）；HE染色发现治疗组肿瘤有局部坏死，炎性细胞浸润。RT－PCR结果显示Dox诱导后肿瘤组织HSVtk表达较明显。结论：在Dox的诱导作用下，GCV对可调控性自杀基因乳腺癌SCID小鼠有显著治疗作用。     

Establishment of a novel anaplastic large-cell lymphoma-cell line (COST) from a 'small-cell variant' of ALCL.

Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a distinct biological and cytogenetic entity with a broad spectrum of morphological features (common type, small-cell variant and lymphohistiocytic variant). Few cell lines of ALCL are available and they all originate from primary tumors demonstrating the common type morphology (ie large-sized lymphoma cells). We established a new ALCL cell line (COST) from the peripheral blood of a patient with a small-cell variant of ALCL, at diagnosis. Cells growing in vitro and in SCID mice consisted of two populations, that is, small- and large-sized cells as seen in the patient's tumor. Both large and small malignant cells were positive for CD43/MT1 T-cell associated antigen, perforin, granzyme B and TIA-1, but negative for CD2, CD3, CD5, CD7, CD4 and CD8 antigens. Standard cytogenetic studies as well as multiplex FISH confirmed the presence of the canonical t(2;5)(p23;q35) translocation, but also revealed additional numerical and structural abnormalities. The COST cell line is the first ALCL small-cell variant cell line, and thus provides a potentially useful tool for further functional and molecular studies that should improve our understanding of the small-cell variant of ALCL, which is more frequently complicated by a leukemic phase.     

HTLV-II Non-integrated Malignant Lymphoma Induction in Japanese White Rabbits Following Intravenous Inoculation of HTLV-II-infected Simian Leukocyte Cell Line (Si-IIA)

Lymphoma induction in rabbits by an unknown factor derived from an HTLV-II-producing simian (Cynomolgus) leukocyte cell line (Si-IIA) is reported. Thirteen of 17 male Japanese white rabbits (76%) inoculated intravenously with Si-IIA cells developed malignant lymphoma including Hodgkin-like lymphoma between 62 and 167 days after inoculation. Historically, there was extensive diffuse or nodular infiltration of either large cell type or mixed type lymphoma cells in many organs, frequently involving the spleen, liver, lymph nodes and kidneys, and less frequently the thymus, bone marrow, lungs, heart, skin and gastrointestinal tract. Hodgkin-like lymphoma was also observed in two rabbits. Chromosomal analysis of five cell lines established from tumor-bearing rabbits revealed the male rabbit karyotype. The immunophenotype of these tumor cells was usually T-cell (CD5^{+or, r} RT1⁺, RT2^+or-, CD45⁺, CD4^?, RABELA^? and MHC class II-DQ⁺) except for Hodgkin-like lymphoma cells which expressed only CD45. However, integration of the HTLV-II provirus genome could not be demonstrated in the tumor tissues or any of the rabbit cell lines by polymerase chain reaction or Southern blot analysis. Moreover, no lymphoma was induced by inoculation of HTLV-IIC, MOT (other HTLV-II-producing human cell lines) or TALL-1 (control). Two of four rabbits injected with cell-free pellets from Si-IIA cultures died of malignant lymphoma (15-20 days). Five irradiated rabbit cell lines were inoculated but only one (Ra-SLN) induced lymphoma in 1 of 3 rabbits at 27 days. Neither Herpesvirus saimiri nor Herpesvirus ateles (simian oncogenic viruses) was detected in Si-IIA cells by immunofluorescence testing. These data suggest that the high rate of lymphoma induction in rabbits may be caused not by only HTLV-II or well known simian oncogenic viruses, but rather by an unknown passenger agent derived from Si-IIA or HTLV-IIA, with which Si-IIA was established.     

Disseminated or localized growth of a human B-cell tumor (Daudi) in SCID mice

A human Burkitt lymphoma (Daudi) has been grown in the mutant mouse called C.B-17 SCID. Twenty-eight days after s.c. injection of Daudi cells, a palpable tumor grew only at the site of injection in all injected mice. In contrast, after intravenous (i.v.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, macroscopic, disseminated tumors developed. Following i.v. inoculation, tumors grew in the lungs, kidneys, ovaries and adipose tissue, and microscopic tumor infiltrates were observed in the spleen, bone marrow, spinal column and femur, whereas after i.p. injection, the tumors were localized in the abdomen, liver, spleen, ovaries and muscular tunics of the gut, but did not disseminate into the lung or bone marrow. The growth pattern and phenotype of the Daudi cells were similar whether the inoculated tumor cells were derived from the in vitro cell line or from in vivo passaged tumors. The survival time of the tumor-bearing animals was dependent on the dose of i.v.-administered Daudi cells; as few as 100 cells caused death. All mice injected i.v. showed paresis or paralysis of the hind legs just prior to death. This was associated with the presence of neoplastic nodules within the spinal canal. Two surface antigens on Daudi cells (CD19 and CD22) were stably expressed in all the neoplastic lesions. Radiolabelled anti-CD22 antibodies localized in organs infiltrated with tumor, but did not penetrate primary s.c. tumors. This model of disseminated vs. solid tumor should prove useful for evaluating the efficacy of different types and doses of therapeutic antibodies, immunoconjugates and immunotoxins prepared from anti-human B-cell antibodies.     

Local growth of a Burkitt's lymphoma versus disseminated invasive growth of the autologous EBV-immortalized lymphoblastoid cells and their somatic cell hybrids in SCID mice.

Specific host-graft interactions, as well as intrinsic properties of transferred cell, determine tumorigenicity in xenogeneic systems. We compared the growth characteristics of human B-lymphoid cell lines in SCID mice with the well characterized growth pattern in nude mice and observed striking differences in malignancy in the respective hosts. Two cell lines derived from the same individual, the Epstein-Barr-virus(EBV)-positive Burkitt's lymphoma BL 60 (BL) and the autologous EBV-immortalized lymphoblastoid cell line IARC 277 (LCL) were used. In addition, we tested somatic cell hybrids (HYB) of both cell lines, which despite the LCL-like differentiation phenotype show the de-regulated c-myc expression pattern of the parental BL line, assumed to be a critical factor in BL pathogenesis. Subcutaneously (s.c.) injected BL cells produced local progressively growing tumor masses at the injection site without distant metastases in both nude and SCID mice. Although both mouse strains possess the same genetic background (BALB/c) and differ only in the B-cell sub-set, the growth patterns of the LCL and hybrids were completely different. In contrast to the regressive behaviour of LCL and hybrids in nude mice, these lines show invasive and disseminated progressive growth in SCID mice. Peripheral lymph nodes an thymic tissue were preferentially colonized, whereas mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (Peyer's patches and appendix) and spleen were not infiltrated. The preferential migration of lymphocytes to certain tissues is termed homing in a syngeneic system and mediated by homing receptors and vascular addressins. The "homing" of LCL and hybrids into lymphoid SCID mouse tissue suggests a strong interaction with the endothelial cells of the host. Detailed phenotypic analysis of BL, LCL and 3 different hybrids was performed using an antibody panel against differentiation and adhesion markers. Overall dominance of the LCL phenotype was observed in the hybrids, as indicated by cytology, tumor growth, dissemination and the pattern of surface-marker expression. The c-myc activation in hybrids does not appear to influence growth behavior.     

The antitumor activity of an anti-CD54 antibody in SCID mice xenografted with human breast, prostate, non-small cell lung, and pancreatic tumor cell lines

We have previously described the development and testing of a monoclonal anti-human CD54 antibody (UV3) in SCID mice xenografted with human multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and melanoma cell lines. In all 3 cases, UV3 was highly effective at slowing the growth of tumors and/or prolonging survival. Since CD54 (ICAM-1) is up-regulated on many different types of cancer cells, we have now investigated the anti-tumor activity of UV3 in several other CD54(+) epithelial tumors. A panel of 16 human breast, prostate, non-small cell (NSC) lung, and pancreatic tumor cell lines was examined for reactivity with UV3, and 13 were positive. A representative CD54(+) cell line from each cancer was grown subcutaneously in SCID mice. Once the tumors were established, UV3 was administered using different dose regimens. UV3 slowed the growth of all 4 tumors, although it was not curative. When UV3 or gemcitabine were administered to SCID mice xenografted with a NSC lung tumor cell line or a pancreatic tumor cell line, UV3 was as effective as the chemotherapy alone. When gemcitabine and UV3 were administered together, the best anti-tumor responses were observed. UV3 has been chimerized (cUV3) and both toxicology studies and clinical trials are planned to assess the safety and activity of cUV3 in patients with one or more of these tumors.     

Inhibition of Burkitt's lymphoma cells growth in SCID mice by a PNA specific for a regulatory sequence of the translocated c-myc

In Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cells due to a t(8;14) chromosomal translocation c-myc is often placed in proximity to the Emu enhancer of the Ig locus and upregulated. We demonstrated that in BL cells a peptide nucleic acid (PNA), complementary to intronic Emu sequences (PNAEmuwt), specifically blocks the expression of the c-myc oncogene under the Emu enhancer control and inhibits BL cell growth in culture. Here, we investigated whether PNAEmuwt was also able to block tumor growth in SCID mice inoculated with human BL cell lines. After subcutaneous inoculum in mice BL cells reproducibly form tumors. Both pre-treatment of BL cells with PNAEmuwt before inoculum and chronic intravenous administration of PNAEmuwt to mice already inoculated with BL cells selectively caused increased latency of tumor appearance and decreased final tumor size. Tumors from PNAEmuwt-treated animals showed substantial areas of cell necrosis and of c-myc downregulation. Inhibition of tumor growth was specific and was not observed with PNAEmumut carrying sequence mutations and in BL cell lines where the translocated c-myc is not under the control of the Emu enhancer. These data confirm the potential therapeutic value of PNA targeted to regulatory non-coding regions.     

B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤小鼠模型的建立

背景与目的：近年来非霍奇金淋巴瘤（non-Hodgkin’slymphoma,NHL）发病率呈上升趋势,其中侵袭性NHL占了很大的比例,然而传统化疗方案提高NHL疗效的空间有限。本研究旨在建立淋巴瘤小鼠模型,为探讨治疗NHL新方案并研究其药物作用机制提供动物模型。方法：应用人弥漫大B细胞NHL细胞株SU-DHL-4及人Burkitt淋巴瘤细胞株Daudi,经尾静脉注射人SCID小鼠体内．探索建立淋巴瘤小鼠模型的条件及特点。Daudi淋巴瘤小鼠分为对照组及美罗华治疗组．观察小鼠的发病情况及生存时间。结果：SU-DHL-4淋巴瘤小鼠在中位时间39．5d后开始发病,主要表现为精神萎靡、消瘦、竖毛、活动迟缓,于小鼠腹腔、尾部或后肢部位出现肿块,未发现肝脏、脾脏、骨髓等脏器出现淋巴瘤细胞浸润。Daudi淋巴瘤小鼠于中位时间30．5d发病,出现双后肢瘫痪,于瘫痪后9．5d左右死亡。Daudi淋巴瘤小鼠的脏器大多受淋巴瘤细胞的累及,骨髓中出现大量Daudi细胞浸润。美罗华治疗使小鼠骨髓中的Daudi细胞呈现明显的凋亡形态。对照组Daudi淋巴瘤小鼠的中位瘫痪时间及生存时间分别为30．5d及40d,美罗华治疗组的小鼠分别为52．5d及76．5d,美罗华治疗组小鼠的中位瘫痪时间及生存时间显著延长（P〈0．05）。结论：应用SU—DHL-4细胞及Daudi细胞均可以成功建立B细胞NHL小鼠模型。     

Effect of BCLAF1 on HDAC inhibitor LMK-235-mediated apoptosis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma cells and its mechanism

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of adult lymphoma. It is a group of malignant tumors with a large number of clinical manifestations and prognoses. Therefore, it is necessary to explore its unknown potential therapeutic targets. Histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) is a novel drug for the treatment of DLBCL, however pan-HDACis cannot be ignored because of their clinical efficacy. By contrast, specific HDACi is well-tolerated, and LMK-235 is a novel HDACi that is a specific inhibitor of HDAC4 and HDAC5. In this study, we investigated the up-regulation of BCLAF1 through NF-κB signaling pathways in LMK-235, mediating the apoptosis of two diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell lines, OCI-LY10 and OCI-LY3. Further studies showed that BCLAF1 expression was increased in DLBCL cells after treatment with the NF-κB inhibitor Bay11-7082. The combination of Bay11-7082 and siRNA si-HDAC4 significantly increased BCLAF1 expression and further increased apoptosis. These results indicate that BCLAF1 plays an important role in LMK-235-mediated apoptosis and may be a potential target for the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.     

A novel neoplastic primary tumor-derived human prostate epithelial cell line

Research into molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying prostate carcinogenesis would be greatly advanced by in vitro models of prostate tumors representing primary tumors. The generation of immortalized primary prostate cancer cells that will accurately reflect the in situ characteristics of malignant epithelium is greatly needed. We have successfully established a neoplastic immortalized human prostate epithelial (HPE) cell culture derived from a primary tumor. The RC-9 cells transduced through infection with a retrovirus vector expressing the E6 and E7 genes (E6E7) of human papilloma virus-16 (HPV-16) are currently growing well at passage 40, whereas RC-9 cells senesced at passage 7. RC-9/E6E7 cells exhibit epithelial morphology and high level of telomerase activity. More importantly, these immortalized cells produced tumors (SCID5038D) when inoculated into SCID mice. RC-9/E6E7 cells and SCID-5038D cells exhibit a high level of telomerase activity and androgen-responsiveness when treated with R1881. Expression of prostate specific antigen (PSA), androgen receptor (AR), prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), an androgen-regulated prostate specific gene (NKX3.1), p16, cytokeratins 8, 15 and HPV-16 E6 gene was detected in both of these cells. RC-9/E6E7 and SCID5038D cells also showed growth inhibition when exposed to retinoic acid and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, potent inhibitors of prostate epithelial cell growth. A number of chromosome alterations were observed including the loss of chromosomes 2p, 3p, 8p, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 21 and the gain of 7 and 20 in the tumor cell line (SCID5038D). These results demonstrate that this primary tumor-derived HPE cell line retained its neoplastic phenotypes and its prostate-specific markers and should allow studies to elucidate molecular and genetic alterations involved in prostate cancer. This is the first documented case of a malignant AR and PSA positive established human prostate cancer cell line from a primary tumor of a prostate cancer patient.     

Hodgkin's lymphoma cells are efficiently engrafted and tumor marker CD30 is expressed with constitutive nuclear factor-kappaB activity in unconditioned NOD/SCID/gammac(null) mice

As there are very few reproducible animal models without conditioning available for the study of human B-cell-type Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), we investigated the ability of HL cells to induce tumors using novel NOD/SCID/gammac(null) (NOG) mice. Four human Epstein-Barr virus-negative cell lines (KM-H2 and L428 originated from B cells, L540 and HDLM2 originated from T cells) were inoculated either subcutaneously in the postauricular region or intravenously in the tail of unmanipulated NOG mice. All cell lines successfully engrafted and produced tumors with infiltration of cells in various organs of all mice. Tumor cells had classical histomorphology as well as expression patterns of the tumor marker CD30, which is a cell surface antigen expressed on HL. Tumor progression in mice inoculated with B-cell-type, but not T-cell-type, HL cells correlated with an elevation in serum human interleukin-6 levels. Tumor cells from the mice also retained strong nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB DNA binding activity, and the induced NF-kappaB components were indistinguishable from those cultured in vitro. The reproducible growth behavior and preservation of characteristic features of both B-cell-type and T-cell-type HL in the mice suggest that this new xenotransplant model can provide a unique opportunity to understand and investigate the mechanism of pathogenesis and malignant cell growth, and to develop novel anticancer therapies.     

Potential role of natural killer cells in controlling growth and infiltration of AIDS-associated primary effusion lymphoma cells

Natural killer (NK) cells are an important component of the innate immune response against microbial infections and tumors. Direct involvement of NK cells in tumor growth and infiltration has not yet been demonstrated clearly. Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cells were able to produce tumors and ascites very efficiently with infiltration of cells in various organs of T-, B- and NK-cell knock-out NOD/SCID/gammac(null) (NOG) mice within 3 weeks. In contrast, PEL cells formed small tumors at inoculated sites in T- and B-cell knock-out NOD/SCID mice with NK-cells while completely failing to infiltrate into various organs. Immunosupression of NOD/SCID by treatment with an antimurine TM-beta1 antibody, which transiently abrogates NK cell activity in vivo, resulted in enhanced tumorigenicity and organ infiltration in comparison with non-treated NOD/SCID mice. Activated human NK cells inhibited tumor growth and infiltration in NOG mice. Our results suggest that NK cells play an important role in growth and infiltration of PEL cells, and activated NK cells could be a promising immunotherapeutic tool against tumor or virus-infected cells either alone or in combination with conventional therapy. The rapid and efficient engraftment of PEL cells in NOG mice also suggests that this new animal model could provide a unique opportunity to understand and investigate the mechanism of pathogenesis and malignant cell growth.     

人源化肿瘤血管移植瘤模型的建立及应用

背景与目的:目前在肿瘤内皮细胞基因功能和靶向血管治疗肿瘤的研究中仍缺乏适宜的动物模型。本研究拟建立一种新的小鼠人源化肿瘤血管移植瘤模型。方法:将人肝窦微血管内皮细胞系(humanliversinusoidendothelialcells,HLSEC)分别与人肝癌细胞系BEL7402、人结肠癌细胞系LS174T、人食管癌细胞系NEC按不同比例混合共接种NOD/SCID小鼠或BALB/c裸小鼠,以单独接种肿瘤细胞的小鼠作为对照组,观察小鼠人移植瘤生长的情况。采用绿色荧光蛋白基因(greenfluorescentprotein,GFP)转染HLSEC,结合荧光显微镜检方法观察HLSEC在共接种移植瘤中的存活及血管形成的情况。免疫组化法检测肿瘤内微血管密度(microvesseldensity,MVD)。用抗人肝癌内皮细胞单抗2B6处理人肝癌移植瘤共接种模型,观察2B6对肿瘤生长的影响。结果:HLSEC与BEL7402细胞共接种NOD/SCID小鼠时,共接种组肿瘤生长速度显著加快,平均瘤重可达肿瘤单独接种组的5.1倍。在GFP表达阳性的HLSEC与BEL7402共接种的移植瘤冰冻切片中可见HLSEC的存在,并已形成瘤内新生血管。免疫组化检测发现共接种组移植瘤中的总MVD较肿瘤细胞单独接种组增加85.7%,采用抗人vWF多抗检测结果显示共接种组人源微血管平均MVD可达10.28～29.28,约占总血管数量的41%～65%。进一步将HLSEC分别与NEC、BEL7402及LS174T细胞共接种于BALB/c裸小鼠时,共接种组的瘤重是单独接种组的3.3～6.0倍。2B6单抗能使共接种人肝癌移植瘤中人源肿瘤血管密度减少65.1%,抑制肿瘤瘤重达71.8%。结论:HLSEC与人肿瘤细胞共接种小鼠后,能在移植瘤中存活、增殖,形成大量人源化的肿瘤新生血管,并在促进肿瘤快速生长中起重要作用。该小鼠人源化肿瘤血管移植瘤模型可为肿瘤内皮细胞相关基因及靶向治疗剂的研究提供一个新的有价值的工具。     

Tumors arising in SCID mice share enhanced radiation sensitivity of SCID normal tissues.

We addressed the question of whether cancers arising in an abnormally radiation sensitive normal tissue are also abnormally sensitive to ionizing irradiation. Germ line mutation-carrying mice with an enhanced radiation sensitivity of the normal tissue, the severe combined immunodeficient (SCID), and normally radiation sensitive mice (C3H) were used to study the sensitivity of normal and tumor tissues in vivo and in vitro. The lethal dose for 50% of the irradiated animals after single dose whole body irradiation was 2.6-fold higher in C3H compared to SCID mice. The dose for an isoeffective acute skin reaction after single dose irradiation was end point dependent 1.7 to 3.7 times higher in C3H than in SCID mice. Embryonic fibroblast and methylcholanthrene induced soft tissue sarcomas derived from C3H and SCID mice were established in vitro and colony-forming assays after single dose irradiation were carried out. Choosing mean inactivation dose as the end point, SCID fibroblast lines were 3.0-fold and SCID tumor cell lines 2.7-fold more radiation sensitive than C3H fibroblast lines and C3H tumor cell lines. Tumor control and growth delay assays for 110-mm3 tumors were used to compare the radiation sensitivity of SCID and C3H tumors in vivo. The doses for 50% local tumor control and a growth delay of 40 days were 2.6 times higher in C3H tumors compared to SCID tumors. Tumors arising in an abnormally radiation sensitive normal tissue are also sensitive to irradiation. The difference in radiation sensitivity of normal tissues predicted the difference in tumor tissues in these two murine systems.