不同性别首发精神分裂症患者前额叶和丘脑质子波谱的比较研究

目的探讨首发精神分裂症患者前额叶和丘脑神经生化代谢物质的特点及其性别差异。方法纳入首发精神分裂症患者男性33例、女性31例以及男性正常对照30名、女性正常对照22名,采用多体素磁共振质子波谱(proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy,1H-MRS)检测前额叶和丘脑N-乙酰基天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱复合物(Cho)与肌酸复合物(Cr),完成NAA/Cr值、Cho/Cr值的计算。患者在抗精神病药物治疗8周末复查1H-MRS,治疗前后采用阳性与阴性症状量表(positive and negative syndrome scale,PANSS)评定临床症状和疗效。结果治疗前,男性患者组、女性患者组左侧前额叶NAA/Cr值[(1.38±0.33)、(1.37±0.35)]、左侧丘脑NAA/Cr值[(1.47±0.35)、(1.45±0.38)]均分别低于同性别正常对照组[(1.61±0.38)、(1.63±0.37)和(1.71±0.38)、(1.72±0.39)],差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前与治疗后,男性与女性患者组之间1H-MRS各代谢指标的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),两组中NAA/Cr值、Cho/Cr值的治疗前后自身比较均无明显差异(P0.05)。男性患者组治疗前后左侧前额叶NAA/Cr变化值分别与PANSS总分及阴性症状因子分的变化值呈负相关(r=-0.39,P0.05;r=-0.43,P0.05)。结论未发现首发精神分裂症患者前额叶和丘脑代谢物存在明显的性别差异,但男性左侧前额叶NAA浓度的变化与阴性症状的变化可能有关。     

精神分裂症患者脑部质子波谱特点及其与临床症状的关系

目的 探讨精神分裂症患者前额叶、丘脑氧质子磁共振波谱(proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy,1H-MRS)的特点及其与临床症状的关系.方法 本研究纳入7 d内未使用抗精神病药物及影响脑内乙酰胆碱神经递质药物的32例精神分裂症患者和36名正常对照,入组24 h内采用多体素1H-MRS检测受试者前额叶和丘脑生化代谢物N-乙酰基天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱复合物(Cho)与肌酸复合物(Cr),并计算NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr和NAA/(Cho+Cr)的比值.患者组同时进行阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评估.结果 患者组左侧前额叶及左右侧丘脑NAA/Cr值[分别为(1.30±0.39)、(1.53±0.36)和(1.47±0.35)]均低于对照组[分别为(1.74±0.24)、(1.73±0.25)和(1.74±0.31)],差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);患者组左侧前额叶NAA/(Cho+cr)值[(0.63±0.12)]低于对照组[(0.74±0.21)],差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).患者组左侧前额叶NAA/Cr值与PANSS总分及阴性症状分呈负相关(r=-0.48,P＜0.01;r=-0.54,P＜0.01),右侧丘脑NAA/Cr值与阴性症状呈负相关(r=-0.44,P＜0.01).结论 精神分裂症患者前额叶及丘脑存在神经元功能和(或)结构异常,左侧前额叶NAA/Cr值可能作为反映精神分裂症患者阴性症状严重程度的参考指标.     

男性精神分裂症患者前额叶质子波谱特点及其与执行功能的关系

目的探讨男性精神分裂症患者前额叶氢质子磁共振波谱(proton magnetic resonance spectrosco-py,1H-MRS)的特点及与执行功能的关系。方法纳入26例7d内未使用抗精神病药物及影响脑内乙酰胆碱神经递质药物的男性精神分裂症患者及28名男性正常对照。两组在入组24h内采用多体素1H-MRS检测前额叶生化代谢物N-乙酰基天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱复合物(Cho)与肌酸复合物(Cr),完成NAA/Cr值、Cho/Cr值和NAA/(Cho+Cr)值的计算,同时进行威斯康星卡片分类测验(Wisconsin Card Sorting Test,WCST)评定受试者的执行功能。结果患者组左侧前额叶NAA/Cr值(1.40±0.34)低于对照组(1.69±0.31),差异有统计学意义(t=2.93,P0.01)。患者组WCST的错误应答数、持续应答数、持续错误数均明显高于对照组(t分别为2.32、2.25、2.40,P均小于0.05),分类数和概念化水平应答数均明显低于对照组(t=2.91,P0.01;t=2.46,P0.05)。患者组左侧前额叶NAA/Cr值与错误应答数、持续错误数呈正相关(r=0.45,P0.05;r=0.47,P0.05),与分类数、概念化水平应答数呈负相关(r=-0.54,P0.01;r=-0.56,P0.01)。结论男性精神分裂症患者左侧前额叶可能存在神经元功能和(或)结构异常,这可能是引起额叶执行功能障碍的原因。     

男性首次发病精神分裂症患者治疗前后额叶的质子波谱研究

目的在体研究精神分裂症症状发生的神经生物学基础,探讨抗精神病药对额叶代谢物质的潜在影响。方法应用磁共振质子波谱(MRS)技术对10例男性首发精神分裂症患者(患者组)和10名男性正常对照者(对照组)检测额叶氮-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱复合物(CHO)、肌酸(Cr)。患者组入组后均予以第二代抗精神病药治疗,治疗第2个月时复查额叶~1H-MRS。每次~1H-MRS检查的同时,患者组各接受1次阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定、威斯康星卡片分类测试(WCST)评定。对照组仅进行1次WCST评定。结果多因素方差分析表明,治疗前患者组左、右侧额叶灰白质NAA/Cr均低于对照组[左侧白质：患者组1.87±0.30；对照组2.13±0.43。左侧灰质：患者组1.44±0.20；对照组1.67±0.32。右侧白质：患者组1.60±0.28；对照组2.09±0.41。右侧灰质：患者组1.35±0.25；对照组1.56±0.30],差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05)。患者组治疗前后NAA/Cr、CHO/Cr的差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05)。结论精神分裂症患者可能存在额叶神经元的损害。第二代抗精神病药短期治疗对精神分裂症患者额叶~1H-MRS代谢物水平无明显影响。     

双相抑郁患者前额叶及海马磁共振质子波谱成像研究

目的探讨双相抑郁患者前额叶及海马磁共振质子波谱(proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy,1H-MRS)的代谢物变化特点,为其神经生物学研究提供线索。方法应用磁共振质子波谱成像技术检测26例双相抑郁患者(患者组)和26例单相抑郁患者及13例健康志愿者(对照组)双侧前额叶白质、前扣带回皮质、海马N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(N-Acetylaspartate,NAA)、胆碱(choline,Cho)、肌酸(creatine,Cr)3种代谢物,以Cr为参照物,分别计算双侧NAA/Cr和Cho/Cr比值。采用SPSS 13.0进行统计处理。结果患者组左侧前额叶白质NAA/Cr(1.65±0.31)低于对照组(2.37±0.36),左侧前额叶白质Cho/Cr(1.35±0.27)低于对照组(1.65±0.21),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);右侧前额叶白质NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr值与正常对照组差异无统计学意义;患者组双侧前扣带回NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr值与正常对照组差异无统计学意义;患者组双侧海马NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr值与正常对照组差异无统计学意义;患者组与单相抑郁组的双侧额叶白质、双侧前扣带回皮质、双侧海马NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr值差异均无统计学意义。结论双相抑郁患者可能存在左侧前额叶神经元功能下降和膜磷脂代谢异常,其代谢物特点存在偏侧化。     

军人创伤后应激障碍治疗前后前额叶磁共振质子波谱的变化

目的探讨军人创伤后应激障碍(post-traumatic stress disorder,PTSD)患者治疗前后前额叶质子波谱的变化及临床疗效。方法纳入23例军人PTSD患者,并随机抽取某部25名健康官兵作为对照。采用前额叶氢质子磁共振波谱(proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy,1H-MRS)检查,测定两组前额叶N-乙酰基天门冬氨酸(N-acetylaspartate,NAA)、谷氨酰胺复合物(glutamate/glutamine,Glx)、胆碱复合物(choline-congtaining compounds,Cho)、肌醇(myo-inositol,m I)、肌酸复合物(creatine compounds,Cr)等化合物的含量。治疗前后采用创伤后应激障碍自评量表(post traumatic stress disorder self-rating scale,PTSD-SS)评估研究组症状。结果研究组治疗前左侧前额叶Cho/Cr与对照组存在统计学差异[(1.23±0.36)vs.(1.14±0.31),P0.05];研究组治疗前后左侧前额叶NAA/Cr存在统计学差异[(1.34±0.42)vs.(1.49±0.52),P0.05];相较治疗前,研究组治疗后PTSD-SS总分降低[(57.68±11.35)vs.(45.57±10.86)],各因子分亦均降低(P0.05)。结论军人PDST患者双侧前额叶均存在NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr等代谢物质的改变,且可能与患者精神症状的严重程度有关。     

阳性症状为主型精神分裂症首次发病患者前额叶和海马磁共振质子波谱成像研究

目的 探讨阳性症状为主型精神分裂症首次发病患者前额叶和海马的磁共振质子波谱(1H-MRS)变化特点,为其病因学探讨提供线索.方法 对22例首次发病精神分裂症阳性症状为主型患者(患者组)和11名年龄、性别、受教育时间均匹配的正常对照者(对照组),应用2D 1H-MRS成像技术检测2组双侧前额叶白质、前扣带回皮质、海马N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱(Cho)、肌酸(Cr)3种代谢物,分别计算NAA/Cr和Cho/Cr的比值;采用配对t检验、独立样本t检验进行统计分析.结果 (1)患者组左侧额叶白质NAA/Cr和Cho/Cr分别为(1.63±0.30)和(1.23±0.26),均低于对照组[(2.10±0.30)、(1.54±0.25)],右侧额叶白质NAA/Cr(1.70±0.34)低于对照组(1.97±0.34),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01和P<0.05);(2)双侧前扣带回皮质NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr值与对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);(3)患者组右侧海马NAA/Cr(1.59±0.27)高于对照组(1.24±0.17),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);(4)对照组内左侧额叶白质Cho/Cr(1.54±0.25)高于右侧(1.35±0.18),左侧海马NAA/Cr(1.45±0.28)高于右侧(1.24±0.17),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);(5)患者组内左侧海马NAA/Cr和Cho/Cr分别为(1.43±0.27)和(1.39±0.38),均低于右侧[(1.59±0.27)、(1.56±0.39)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 首发精神分裂症阳性症状为主型患者的1H-MRS代谢物与正常人存在差异,提示阳性症状为主型患者存在双侧前额叶白质、海马的神经功能障碍.

Abstract：

Objective To identify the possible alteration of brain functioning in prefrontal lobes and hippocampus in the first-episode positive symptoms of schizophrenia using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Methods 1H-MRS was performed on prefrontal white matter, anterior cingulated cortex and hippocampus in 22 patients and 11 age-, sex-, and education-matched right-handed healthy controls. The ratios of N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr) and choline-containing compounds (Cho)/Cr were calculated. Results The NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios in the left prefrontal white matter in patients were lower than that in normal controls (patients, NAA/Cr 1. 63 ±0. 30; Cho/Cr 1. 23 ±0. 26; controls, NAA/Cr 2. 10 ±0. 30; Cho/Cr 1. 54 ± 0. 25, P<0. 01) , and NAA/Cr in the right prefrontal white matter was lower in patients than in controls (patients 1. 70 ± 0. 34; controls 1. 97 ± 0. 34, P<0. 05). There were no significant difference in NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr for the bilateral anterior cingulated cortex between patients and controls (P>0. 05). The ratio of NAA/Cr in the right hippocampus was significantly higher in patients than that in controls (patients 1. 59 ± 0. 27; controls 1. 24 ± 0. 17, P<0. 01). In addition, in healthy controls,Cho/Cr was significantly higher in the left prefrontal white matter than in the right (left 1. 54 ± 0. 25; right 1. 35 ±0. 18, P<0. 05) , and NAA/Cr in the left hippocampus was significantly higher than in the right (left 1. 45 ± 0. 28; right 1. 24 ± 0. 17, P<0. 05). While NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr in the left hippocampus were significantly lower than in the right hippocampus in schizophrenia patients (left, NAA/Cr 1.43 ± 0. 27;Cho/Cr 1.39 ±0.38; right, NAA/Cr 1.59 ±0.27; Cho/Cr 1.56 ±0.39, P<0.05). Conclusion There is the significant difference of manifestation of 1H-MRS between schizophrenia patients with positive symptoms and normal controls, which reflects neuronal dysfunction in the prefrontal lobes and hippocampus.     

双相抑郁患者前额叶和前扣带回皮质氢质子波谱研究

目的:研究双相抑郁患者前额叶皮质、前扣带回皮质代谢物的相对含量。方法:对30例未服药双相抑郁患者和30名健康志愿者的前额叶皮质、前扣带回皮质进行氢质子波谱(1H-MRS)扫描,双相抑郁患者经6周药物治疗后再次做1H-MRS扫描,检测N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱(Cho)、谷氨酸复合物(Glx)、肌酸(Cr)4种代谢物。结果:双相抑郁组左侧前额叶皮质、双侧前扣带回皮质NAA/Cr值均显著低于正常对照组(P<0.05),Cho/Cr值、Glx/Cr值均显著高于正常对照组(P<0.05),双相抑郁组右侧前额叶皮质NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、Glx/Cr值两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经药物治疗后,左侧前额叶皮质、双侧前扣带回皮质NAA/Cr值较治疗前升高,Cho/Cr值、Glx/Cr值较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:前额叶和前扣带回皮质NAA、Cho、Glx含量的改变与双相抑郁的发生和药物的疗效有关。     

脑卒中后抑郁患者前额叶磁共振氢质子波谱分析

目的 探讨脑卒中后抑郁患者前额叶氢质子磁共振波谱（1H-MRS）的特点.方法 以31例卒中后抑郁患者为研究组,以30例脑卒中患者为病例对照组,以30例健康志愿者为正常对照组.3组在入组24 h内采用多体素1H-MRS检测双侧前额叶各生化代谢物的变化并进行数据处理.结果 研究组左右侧前额叶NAA/Cr值均低于病例对照组和正常对照组,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;研究组左侧前额叶Cho/Cr值显著高于正常对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;研究组双侧前额叶NAA/Cr值与HAMD评分呈显著性负相关（均P＜0.05）,而双侧前额叶Cho/Cr值与HAMD评分不存在相关关系（P＞0.05）.结论 前额叶神经元代谢的异常可能是卒中后抑郁的神经生物学基础.     

首发未治精神分裂症神经系统软体征与脑内神经生化代谢物的相关性研究

目的探讨首发未经治疗的精神分裂症患者用药前脑内神经生化代谢物质的特点及其与神经系统软体征之间的相关性。方法研究组纳入符合《中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版》(CCMD-3)诊断标准的首发未治精神分裂症患者33人(男19人、女14人)。对照组为健康成人33人(男14人、女19人)。选取部分额、颞叶功能测试量表评定其神经系统软体征。采用单体素氢质子磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)检测左侧前额叶和丘脑N-乙酰基天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱复合物(Cho)、肌酸复合物(Cr)与磷酸化肌酸复合物(Cr2)的水平,并计算NAA/Cr值、Cho/Cr值、Cr2/Cr值、NAA/Cho值。结果研究组左侧前额叶Cr2/Cr值(1.15±0.87)显著高于对照组Cr2/Cr值(0.72±0.46)(P0.05)。NSS量表总分研究组(10.33±5.07)显著高于对照组(4.18±2.15)(P0.05)。研究组NSS总分与左侧前额叶Cr2/Cr值呈正相关(P0.05),与左侧前额叶NAA/Cho值呈负相关(P0.05)。结论首发未治精神分裂症神经系统软体征明显,提示可能存在中枢神经系统的整合缺陷,其脑内部分神经生化代谢物与神经系统软体征存在相关性。     

无痴呆型血管性认知障碍患者多体素质子磁共振波谱的诊断价值

目的 探讨多体素质子磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)在无痴呆型血管性认知障碍(VCIND)早期诊断中的价值.方法 入选2008年12月至2009年9月本院门诊及住院患者共78例,完成成套神经心理学测验,包括北京版蒙特利尔认知量表(MoCA)、听觉词语学习测验(AVLT)、数字广度测验(DST)、Rey-Osterrieth复杂图形测验(CFT)、语义与语音流畅试验、数字符号编码测验(DSCT)、连线测验(TMT)、画钟测验(CDT)和Stroop色词测验(SCWT).根据测验成绩分为VCIND组和认知正常对照组,从中选择性别、年龄、文化程度匹配者各18例,利用多体素1H-MRS检测双侧额、颞、顶叶及丘脑灰质区N-乙酰天冬氨酸(NAA)、肌酸(Cr)、胆碱(Cho)水平,比较两组间NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr比值的差别;同时,对VCIND组患者MoCA总分及其有认知损害的子项评分与NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr比值进行相关分析.所有入选对象对试验方案均知情同意,本试验通过伦理委员会批准.结果 VCIND组患者左、右两侧丘脑灰质区NAA/Cr比值与对照组比较均明显下降(左侧1.56±0.49、1.89±0.48,F=11.222,P=0.002;右侧1.63±0.45、1.86±0.33,F=5.358,P=0.027);两组间额、颞、顶叶NAA/Cr比值以及所有区域Cho/Cr比值均无统计学意义.VCIND组患者左、右两侧NAA/Cr下降程度与MoCA评分(r=0.54、0.44)及记忆力(r=0.61、0.49)、注意力(r=0.43、0.36)、语言功能(r=0.39、0.31)、视空间与执行能力(r=0.29、0.33)等子项评分均呈正相关(均P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 VCIND患者认知功能损害可能与双侧丘脑神经元代谢异常有关,多体素1H-MRS在VCIND早期诊断和病情进展监测中起着重要的作用.     

急性脑梗死后血管性认知障碍的磁共振波谱研究

目的应用质子磁共振波谱(1 H-MRS)技术,探讨急性脑梗死后血管性认知障碍(VCI)患者的颅内物质代谢变化与认知损害的关系。方法对86例脑梗死患者(脑梗死组)及21名健康对照者(对照组)进行简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)和蒙特利尔认知评分量表(MoCA)评分,并计算其视空间及执行功能评分。根据认知评分结果,将脑梗死组分为脑梗死后认知功能正常组(NCI)、脑梗死后VCI非痴呆组(VCIND)、脑梗死后痴呆组。对脑梗死组及健康对照进行1 H-MRS检查,测定右额叶、左颞叶、左丘脑及顶枕叶交界处N-乙酰天冬氨酸(NAA)/肌酸(Cr)、肌醇(mI)/Cr及胆碱复合物(Cho)/Cr比值,并分析脑梗死组物质代谢比值与认知评分(MoCA评分、视空间及执行功能)间的相关性。结果 (1)与对照组(左颞叶及左丘脑NAA/Cr 1.53±0.08、1.52±0.10)相比,VCIND组左颞叶及左丘脑NAA/Cr(1.46±0.07、1.47±0.07)降低(P=0.001、P=0.006);与VCIND组右额叶1.46±0.10比较,梗死后痴呆组右额叶、左颞叶及左丘脑NAA/Cr(1.38±0.14、1.39±0.06、1.42±0.09)降低(分别P<0.001、P<0.001、P=0.003)。对照组及NCI组间的各区域物质代谢比值无统计学差异(均P>0.05)。(2)所有脑梗死患者中,除右额叶Cho/Cr外,余各感兴趣区物质代谢比值与MoCA评分间均相关,其中以左颞叶、左丘脑NAA/Cr值与MoCA评分的相关性为著(分别r=0.566,P<0.001;r=0.485,P<0.001);除右额叶、丘脑及顶枕叶交界处Cho/Cr外,余各物质代谢比值与视空间及执行功能评分间相关,其中亦以左颞叶及左丘脑NAA/Cr值的相关性为著(分别NAA/Cr为r=0.591,P<0.001;r=0.491,P<0.001)。结论左丘脑及左颞叶代谢异常可能为VCI患者认知损害的早期关键环节之一,随着VCI病变进展可能整个皮质及皮质下环路区域都将出现代谢异常。     

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of memory and frontal brain region in early multiple sclerosis

In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) has been used to assess biochemical changes that occur in demyelinating lesions and in normal appearing white matter (NAWM) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. N-acetylaspartate (NAA) levels in MS patients may indicate neural viability. In early stages of MS, patients may suffer from slight cognitive impairment. The objective of this study was to investigate memory function in relation to biochemical properties of frontal brain areas of MS patients. Twenty-one patients with relapsing-remitting MS and 21 healthy comparison subjects were examined psychometrically using the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) and the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) scale, and (1H-MRS) was used to examine frontal deep white matter (left hemisphere) and the frontal cingulate gyrus (Brodmann areas 24/32, bihemispheric). A significant reduction of the NAA/Creatine (Cr) ratio in the frontal cingulate gyrus among the MS patient group was detected when compared to healthy subjects. A significant decrease in the NAA/Cr ratio was also found in volumes of cerebral deep white matter, including plaques, in the MS patients. No NAA/Cr ratio changes were found in NAWM. Differences in MSFC results did not reach statistical significance, but the WMS general memory score showed a significant statistical difference between the patient group and healthy subjects. Regression analysis showed the gray matter NAA/Cr ratio of the frontal cingulate gyrus to be significantly related to distinct memory functions. The authors conclude that (1H-MRS) of gray matter in early stages of MS may be pertinent in the detections of early metabolic disturbances, particularly in subjects with or without minor neurological impairment. Findings suggest a general relationship between the metabolic status of the frontal cortices and memory function.     

Brain metabolic differences as a function of hemisphere,writing hand preference,and gender

A total of 35 university-educated normal men (24 right handwriters and 11 left handwriters) and 36 age- and education-matched women (25 right handwriters and 11 left handwriters) underwent a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy examination in seven 8 cm 3 voxels including the right and left frontal lobe tips, the right and left mid-temporal lobes, the right and left thalami, and the hypothalamus. Dependent measures were N -acetylaspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds (Cho) and creatine/phosphocreatine (Cr) metabolite peak area ratios relative to total H 2 O. As expected, thalamic grey matter contained higher NAA ratios than telencephalic voxels (containing white and grey matter) (p < .001). The thalamic Cr/ H 2 O ratio was higher on the right, but the opposite asymmetry was observed for the temporal lobe (p < .05). Women had a higher left frontal NAA/ H 2 O ratio than men, but men had a higher hypothalamic NAA/ H 2 O ratio than women. Right-handers had a higher temporal lobe NAA/H 2 O ratio than left-handers, particularly in the left hemisphere. In addition, several significant 2- and 3-way interactions between writing hand preference, gender, and hemisphere were observed, but only in the frontal lobe.     

Brain metabolic differences as a function of hemisphere, writing hand preference, and gender

A total of 35 university-educated normal men (24 right handwriters and 11 left handwriters) and 36 age- and education-matched women (25 right handwriters and 11 left handwriters) underwent a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy examination in seven 8 cm(3) voxels including the right and left frontal lobe tips, the right and left mid-temporal lobes, the right and left thalami, and the hypothalamus. Dependent measures were N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds (Cho) and creatine/phosphocreatine (Cr) metabolite peak area ratios relative to total H(2)O. As expected, thalamic grey matter contained higher NAA ratios than telencephalic voxels (containing white and grey matter) (p < .001). The thalamic Cr/ H(2)O ratio was higher on the right, but the opposite asymmetry was observed for the temporal lobe (p < .05). Women had a higher left frontal NAA/ H(2)O ratio than men, but men had a higher hypothalamic NAA/ H(2)O ratio than women. Right-handers had a higher temporal lobe NAA/H(2)O ratio than left-handers, particularly in the left hemisphere. In addition, several significant 2- and 3-way interactions between writing hand preference, gender, and hemisphere were observed, but only in the frontal lobe.     

Mesial temporal lobe Cho to Cr(PCr) ratio asymmetry in chronic schizophrenics

Proton magnetic resonance spectra (MRS) were acquired from 1.5 x 1.5 x 1.5-cm voxels in the left and right mesial temporal lobes of 20 schizophrenic patients and 20 non-psychiatric comparison subjects. Choline (Cho) to creatine (and phosphocreatine) (Cr(PCr)) ratios were estimated as were the percent gray matter, white matter and CSF contributing to the voxel. The Cho/Cr(PCr) metabolite ratio was significantly lower in the left temporal lobe than in the right temporal lobe for both the schizophrenia subjects and control group. This difference was greater in the schizophrenia subjects. Left temporal lobe gray matter voxel content was significantly higher and white matter content was significantly lower than in the right temporal lobe for both the schizophrenia subjects and control group. This difference was the same for the schizophrenia subjects and control group. Left voxel gray matter and white matter content correlated with Cho/Cr(PCr) metabolite ratios for the schizophrenic subjects but not for the control subjects. No such correlations were noted on the right side. No significant difference was found between Cho/Cr(PCr) in the left temporal lobe or in the right temporal lobe of the schizophrenia subjects vs. the control group.     

遗忘型轻度认知功能损害患者大脑皮质结构磁共振成像的改变

目的 运用MRI及FMRIB software library(FSL)和Freesurfer软件包分析技术,研究遗忘型轻度认知功能损害(amnestic mild cognitive impairment,aMCI)患者全脑皮质结构改变情况.方法 对20例aMCI患者和20名年龄、性别、文化程度相匹配的健康志愿者,应用SEMENTS trio3.0 T MRI仪,采用高分辨扫描技术获取大脑精细结构立体像,然后应用FSL软件和Freesurfer软件包进行数据分析和后处理,计算出全脑不同部位皮质密度和厚度,比较aMCI组与健康对照组皮质结构特征的区别.结果 与健康对照组相比,aMCI组的左侧额叶、顶叶、颞叶皮质密度显著降低,右侧丘脑、颞叶及左侧岛叶皮质密度轻度降低;aMCI组左侧前扣带回[(2.19±0.24)mm]、顶下小叶[(2.27±0.15)mm],双侧海马旁回[(2.03±0.15)、(2.04±0.17)mm]、额上回[(2.42±0.34)、(2.40±0.28)mm]、额中回[(2.31±0.31)、(2.33±0.29)mm]、颞极[(3.41±0.68)、(3.30±0.56)mm]、颞横回[(2.04±0.12)、(2.01±0.11)mm]、中央前回[(2.20±0.11)、(2.31±0.19)mm]、中央后回[(1.88±0.11)、(1.82±0.09)mm]、缘上回[(2.53±0.33)、(2.55±0.23)mm]的皮质厚度显著降低(t=2.13～3.75,P＜0.05),其余部位无明显改变(t=0.09～1.88,P＞0.05).结论 aMCI患者大脑多个部位存在皮质结构改变,皮质厚度的变薄早于密度的降低.     

Quantitative 1H MR spectroscopic imaging in early Rett syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To determine cerebral regional concentrations of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), total choline (Cho), and total creatine (Cr) in Rett syndrome (RS) using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI). BACKGROUND: The biochemical defect underlying RS is unknown. Because in vivo MRSI can detect important cerebral metabolites, MRSI has a potential to reveal impairment of regional cerebral metabolism in RS noninvasively. METHODS: High-resolution, multislice 1H MRSI was carried out in 17 girls with RS. The control group consisted of nine healthy children. RESULTS: In patients with RS, average Cho concentration was 12% higher (p < 0.005) and average NAA concentration 11% lower (p < 0.0001) compared with the control group. Regional metabolic differences included significantly lower NAA concentration in the frontal gray and white matter, insula, and hippocampus in RS; no difference in regional Cho and Cr concentrations were found. A 20 to 38% higher Cho:NAA ratio in frontal and parietal gray and white matter, insular gray matter, and hippocampus (p < 0.05) and a 14 to 47% lower NAA:Cr ratio in frontal cortical gray matter, parietal and temporal white matter, insula, and putamen (p < 0.05) were found in subjects with RS compared with controls. Patients with seizures had higher average concentrations of Cho, Cr, and NAA compared with those without seizures (8-19%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Metabolic impairment in RS involves both gray and white matter and particularly involves frontal and parietal lobes and the insular cortex. Loss of NAA most likely reflects reduced neuronal and dendritic tree size; increased Cho concentration may result from gliosis.