姜黄素对小鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用

目的探讨姜黄素对小鼠急性肺损伤(Acute lung injury,ALI)的保护作用。方法 40只健康成年BALB/c小鼠被随机分为:对照组、模型组、姜黄素组和乌司他丁组。对照组腹腔注射生理盐水,其他各组腹腔注射脂多糖(LPS)20 mg/kg建立急性肺损伤小鼠模型;姜黄素组在ALI造模前30 min腹腔注射姜黄素200 mg/kg;乌司他丁组于ALI造模前1 h腹腔内注射乌司他丁(1×105 U/kg)。12 h后处死小鼠,留取血样,ELISA法测定小鼠血清中肿瘤坏死因子(Tumor necrosis factor,TNF-α)、白介素-6(Interleukin 6,IL-6)、丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)水平的变化;留取肺组织,观察肺组织病理学变化并计算各组小鼠肺湿重/干重比值(W/D)。结果与对照组相比,模型组小鼠血清TNF-α、IL-6、MDA水平显著升高,SOD水平显著下降;而与模型组相比,姜黄素组和乌司他丁组小鼠血清TNF-α、IL-6、MDA水平明显降低,SOD水平显著升高。与对照组相比,模型组小鼠肺W/D显著升高;与模型组相比,姜黄素组和乌司他丁组小鼠肺W/D明显降低。模型组小鼠肺泡结构破坏严重,肺泡间隔增厚,间质渗出较多,而姜黄素组和乌司他丁组小鼠肺泡结构相对较完整,炎性细胞渗出较少。姜黄素组和乌司他丁组两组相比无差异。结论姜黄素可减轻LPS诱导的急性肺损伤小鼠炎症反应,其机制可能与抑制脂质过氧化反应有关。     

乌司它丁对油酸致急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织血红素氧化酶-1的影响

目的:探讨乌司他丁对油酸致急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织血红素氧化酶-1表达的影响.方法 30只成年SD大鼠,随机分为3组(n＝10).正常组(A组)经大鼠尾静脉注射0.2mL/kg生理盐水;急性肺损伤组(B组)、乌司他丁组(C组)经大鼠尾静脉注射油酸0.2mL/kg制成急性肺损伤模型,随后立即给予A组、B组腹腔注射生理盐水10mL/kg,C组100ku/kg的乌司他丁腹腔注射.测取动物4h时间点呼吸频率和左心室动脉血氧分压,并于4h后取右下肺组织行HE染色和HO-1免疫组织化学检查,观察光镜下病理改变以及血红素氧化酶-1的表达.结果: 乌司他丁能显著改善油酸所致急性肺损伤所致的呼吸窘迫;肺组织血红素氧化酶-1在对照组仅有少量表达,急性肺损伤组表达增多,乌司他丁干预组表达明显增强.结论:乌司他丁可通过增加肺组织中血红素氧化酶-1的表达而发挥保护作用.     

不同剂量乌司他丁在婴幼儿体外循环中的肺保护作用

目的研究乌司他丁(UTI)在婴幼儿体外循环(CPB)心脏直视手术中对炎性因子的影响及肺保护作用.方法 36例小儿先心病患儿随机分为3组,每组12例,U1组UTI 5 000 U/kg、U2组UTI 10 000 U/kg、对照组(C组)用等量生理盐水代替.分别在麻醉诱导后(T1)、体外循环结束(T2)和术后2 h(T3)等时点采集血样,检测血浆IL-6、IL-8、IL-10和TNF-α.同时记录气道平均压、呼吸系统总顺应性(Crs)、吸入氧浓度和动脉血气.结果与对照组相比,乌司他丁组体外循环中及术后2 h Crs明显升高(P<0.05),血浆IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α明显降低(P<0.05),血浆IL-10明显升高(P<0.05).结论乌司他丁能有效地抑制体外循环心脏直视手术患儿围术期促炎细胞因子的释放,并上调抗炎细胞因子,因而能减轻体外循环引起的急性炎症反应,改善呼吸系统总顺应性;10 000 U/kg剂量的乌司他丁较使用5 000 U/kg者的肺保护作用更佳.     

乌司他丁联合甲基泼尼松龙对大鼠肺缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨乌司他丁联合甲基泼尼松龙对大鼠肺缺血再灌注损伤时血清水通道蛋白-1(AQP 1)及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的影响。方法将40只Wistar大鼠随机分为5组(n=8):正常对照组、模型对照组、甲基泼尼松龙组(30 mg/kg)、乌司他丁组(50 000 U/kg)及联合治疗组[甲基泼尼松龙(30 mg/kg)联合乌司他丁(50 000 U/kg)]。采用ELISA法检测血清AQP 1和TNF-α水平;考马斯亮蓝法检测肺泡灌洗液中蛋白质含量;检测肺湿/干质量并对肺进行形态学观察。结果与模型对照组相比,乌司他丁组或甲基泼尼松龙组血清AQP 1质量浓度明显增加,而TNF-α质量浓度明显降低,联合治疗组血清AQP 1与TNF-α的改变更为明显(P<0.01);乌司他丁组、甲基泼尼松龙组及联合治疗组的肺泡灌洗液中蛋白质含量及肺组织湿/干质量比值均明显降低(P<0.01)。结论乌司他丁联合甲基泼尼松龙对大鼠缺血再灌注急性肺损伤具有良好的治疗作用,其机制可能与提高血清AQP 1水平及降低TNF-α水平有关。     

乌司他丁对兔百草枯中毒急性肺损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨乌司他丁对兔百草枯中毒急性肺损伤(ALI)的保护作用及其机制。方法:新西兰白兔30只,随机分为对照组,百草枯组和乌司他丁组。百草枯组和乌司他丁组腹腔内注射百草枯,对照组注射等体积无菌生理盐水,乌司他丁组同时给与乌司他丁治疗。3d后测支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中炎症细胞和中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(NE)活性和肺叶湿/干重比。结果:百草枯组和乌司他丁组支气管肺泡灌洗液中总细胞数、中性粒细胞数、巨噬细胞数、BALF-NE和肺叶湿/干重比均较对照组增高(P<0.05),乌司他丁组各指标明显低于百草枯组(P<0.05)。结论:蛋白酶抑制剂乌司他丁对兔百草枯中毒急性肺损伤有保护作用。     

乌司他丁对脓毒症大鼠肺损伤的保护作用及机制研究

目的 探讨乌司他丁对脓毒症大鼠肺损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法 按随机数字表法将45只健康成年SD大鼠随机分成乌司他丁组、盲肠结扎穿孔术(cecalligation and puncture, CLP)组和假手术组，每组15只大鼠。乌司他丁组术后即刻皮下注射乌司他丁(20 000 U/kg溶于50 ml/kg生理盐水),CLP组和假手术组术后即刻皮下注射50 ml/kg生理盐水。每组分别于术后6、12、24 h各处死5只大鼠，取淋巴液和完整肺组织待测。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)测量每组大鼠各时间点淋巴液中白细胞介素8(interleukin 8,IL-8)、IL-10、高迁移率族蛋白B1(high mobility group protein B1,HMGB1)和基质金属蛋白酶9(matrix metalloproteinase 9,MMP-9)水平；采用伊文思蓝检测术后24 h肺组织通透性变化；Western blot检测术后24 h肺组织钙粘连蛋白和闭合小环蛋白1(zonulaoccludens 1,ZO-...     

不同剂量乌司他丁对脂多糖致急性肺损伤新生大鼠MMP-2表达的影响

目的:探讨乌司他丁(ulinastatin,UTI)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的急性肺损伤新生大鼠MMP-2表达的影响。方法:选择40只新生7日龄SD大鼠,随机分为生理盐水对照组、急性肺损伤模型组、乌司他丁小剂量组(2.5万U.kg-1)、乌司他丁中剂量组(5.0万U.kg-1)、乌司他丁大剂量组(10.0万U.kg-1),每组8只。以5 mg.kg-1 LPS腹腔注射制作急性肺损伤模型,同时予以乌司他丁腹腔注射进行干预,4 h后观察新生大鼠肺组织的病理改变,用免疫组化和逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测肺组织中MMP-2的蛋白和mRNA的表达。结果:乌司他丁中、大剂量组的MMP-2水平明显低于急性肺损伤模型组(分别P<0.05,P<0.01),乌司他丁小剂量组虽低于急性肺损伤模型组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:乌司他丁对LPS致新生大鼠急性肺损有保护作用,可能是通过抑制肺组织MMP-2的表达水平实现的,且其抑制作用呈剂量依赖性。     

乌司他丁对脂多糖诱导的大鼠急性肺损伤NF-κ Bp65及MMP-2表达的影响

目的 探讨乌司他丁对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的失鼠急性肺损伤中肺组织NF-κ Bp65及MMP-2表达的影响.方法 将45只SD大鼠随机分为3组,每组15只.正常对照组尾静脉注射生理盐水2mL/kg;急性肺损伤组尾静脉注射脂多糖5 mg/kg;乌司他丁干预组大鼠腹腔注射乌司他丁100 ku/kg,30 min后尾静脉注射脂多糖5 mg/kg.给药后4h处死大鼠,测动脉血氧分压、肺湿干重比、行肺组织HE染色.采用免疫组化法测定肺组织NF-κ Bp65及MMP-2的表达,并进行统计学分析.结果 与正常对照组相比较,急性肺损伤组和乌司他丁干预组肺组织NF-κ Bp65及MMP-2的表达均增多,差异有显著性(P＜0.05),乌司他丁干预组较急性肺损伤组NF-κBp65及MMP-2的表达低,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 NF-κ Bp65及MMP-2在急性肺损伤中起着一定的作用,乌司他丁可抑制NF-κ Bp65及MMP-2表达.     

乌司他丁对兔急性肺损伤保护的实验研究

目的利用油酸型急性肺损伤模型,研究乌司他丁对急性肺损伤的保护作用.方法将18只健康新西兰大白兔随机分为2组.油酸组(O组n=9)静脉注射分析纯油酸0.12mL/kg,复制急性肺损伤模型.乌司他丁组(U组n=9)静脉注射乌司他丁50 000 u/kg后立即静脉注射油酸0.12 mL/kg,然后,再予乌司他丁5 000u/(kg·h)持续静脉输注.两组皆在操作完成稳定10 min后(基础值)及注射油酸完毕后30、60、120、180和240min抽静脉血测血浆髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、丙二醛(MDA)、活性氧含量和测血液中性粒细胞计数,抽取动脉血作血气分析.动物注射油酸5 h后处死取肺组织,观察肺病理变化.结果两组的MPO、MDA、活性氧含量和PaCO2在注射油酸后逐渐上升,PaO2逐渐下降.O组上述各指标的值的变化趋势大于U组,差异具有显著性(P＜0.01).O组血液中性粒细胞计数在注射油酸后30min和60min下降极明显(P＜0.01).处死动物后观察肺病理变化,U组损害较轻.结论乌司他丁能抑制急性肺损伤时中性粒细胞在肺内的聚集,减少髓过氧化物酶及氧自由基的生成和释放,减轻肺损伤.     

乌司他丁对急性心肌梗死大鼠心脏的保护作用

目的：探讨乌司他丁对急性心肌梗死大鼠心肌细胞凋亡和心功能的影响,为术中急性心肌梗死的治疗用药提供理论依据。方法健康雄性 SD 大鼠30只,随机分为假手术组、对照组和乌司他丁组,每组10只。对照组和乌司他丁组大鼠开胸心室壁穿线结扎左冠状动脉前降支建立急性心肌梗死模型,假手术组大鼠只开胸并在心室壁内穿线不结扎左冠状动脉前降支。对照组大鼠在术后给予腹腔注射生理盐水1 mL,乌司他丁组大鼠在术后给予腹腔注射乌司他丁8万 U／kg,假手术组大鼠在术后给予腹腔注射生理盐水1 mL,3组疗程均为3 d。各组大鼠在术后均给予青霉素40万 U／kg 肌肉注射预防感染。每组随机选5只于术后1周取结扎部位以下心室细胞用流式细胞仪检测心肌细胞凋亡率。其余5只大鼠于术后4周做心功能检测,检测左心室收缩压力最大变化率、左心室舒张压力最大变化率和心率。结果与假手术组比较,乌司他丁组和对照组心肌细胞凋亡率均明显增加（P ＜0．01）,收缩压力最大变化率和舒张压力最大变化率明显降低（P ＜0．01）,心率明显升高（P ＜0．01）。乌司他丁组心肌细胞凋亡率较对照组明显降低（P ＜0．01）。乌司他丁组收缩压力最大变化率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）,舒张压力最大变化率与对照组比较明显升高（P ＜0．01）,心率与对照组比较明显降低（P ＜0．01）。结论乌司他丁对急性心肌梗死大鼠心脏有一定保护作用,可作为术中治疗急性心肌梗死、保护心脏功能的用药。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.