Early risk factors for death in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn treated with inhaled nitric oxide北大核心CSCD

Objective To evaluate the early risk factors for death in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) treated with inhaled nitric oxide (iNO). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 105 infants with PPHN (gestational age ≥34 weeks and age <7 days on admission) who received iNO treatment in the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, from July 2017 to March 2021. Related general information and clinical data were collected. According to the clinical outcome at discharge, the infants were divided into a survival group with 79 infants and a death group with 26 infants. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the risk factors for death in infants with PPHN treated with iNO. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to calculate the cut-off values of the factors in predicting the death risk. Results A total of 105 infants with PPHN treated with iNO were included, among whom 26 died (26/105, 24.8%). The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that no early response to iNO (HR=8.500, 95%CI: 3.024-23.887, P<0.001), 1-minute Apgar score ≤3 points (HR=10.094, 95%CI: 2.577-39.534, P=0.001), a low value of minimum PaO2/FiO2 within 12 hours after admission (HR=0.067, 95%CI: 0.009-0.481, P=0.007), and a low value of minimum pH within 12 hours after admission (HR=0.049, 95%CI: 0.004-0.545, P=0.014) were independent risk factors for death. The ROC curve analysis showed that the lowest PaO2/FiO2 value within 12 hours after admission had an area under the ROC curve of 0.783 in predicting death risk, with a sensitivity of 84.6% and a specificity of 73.4% at the cut-off value of 50, and the lowest pH value within 12 hours after admission had an area under the ROC curve of 0.746, with a sensitivity of 76.9% and a specificity of 65.8% at the cut-off value of 7.2. Conclusions Infants with PPHN requiring iNO treatment tend to have a high mortality rate. No early response to iNO, 1-minute Apgar score ≤3 points, the lowest PaO2/FiO2 value <50 within 12 hours after admission, and the lowest pH value <7.2 within 12 hours after admission are the early risk factors for death in such infants. Monitoring and evaluation of the above indicators will help to identify high-risk infants in the early stage. © 2022 Xiangya Hospital of CSU. All rights reserved.     

Cross-sectional study on the sleep status and risk factors for sleep problems in infants and young children in Jilin Province北大核心CSCD

目的 了解吉林省婴幼儿睡眠状况及睡眠问题发生的危险因素。 方法 选取吉林省8个地级市和1个自治州的1 080例0~3岁的健康婴幼儿作为研究对象。采用自制调查问卷收集研究对象的一般资料,采用简明婴幼儿睡眠问卷了解婴幼儿睡眠情况,并应用多因素logistic回归分析探讨睡眠问题发生的危险因素。 结果 婴幼儿睡眠问题的总检出率为38.24%（413/1 080）。4~11月龄、12~24月龄、25~36月龄组睡眠总时长均高于推荐睡眠总时长（P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示,足月出生、主要监护人文化程度较高、白天活动强度较大是婴幼儿睡眠问题的保护因素（P<0.05）,而服用维生素D频次较低、夜间喂养频繁和母亲打鼾是睡眠问题发生的危险因素（P<0.05）。 结论 吉林省4月龄以上婴幼儿睡眠总时长均高于推荐睡眠总时长,但睡眠问题发生率较高。睡眠问题的发生与多种因素有关;加强对早产儿的随访,对主要监护人进行婴幼儿睡眠知识宣教,坚持规律地补充维生素D,有利于减少婴幼儿睡眠问题的发生。     

Influencing factors for the development and severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants with a gestational age of <32 weeks and a birth weight of <1 500 g北大核心CSCD

Objective To study the influencing factors for the development and severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants with a gestational age of <32 weeks and a birth weight of <1 500 g. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of preterm infants with a gestational age of <32 weeks and a birth weight of <1 500 g who were admitted to Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021. According to oxygen dependence on day 28 after birth, they were divided into two groups: BPD (n=218) and non-BPD (n=142). According to disease severity based on oxygen concentration required at the corrected age of 36 weeks or at discharge, the infants with BPD were divided into two groups: mild BPD (n=154) and moderate/severe BPD (n=64). Indices such as perinatal data and nutritional status were compared between groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the influencing factors for BPD and its severity. Results The incidence rate and severity of BPD increased with the reduction in gestational age and birth weight (P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a long duration of invasive mechanical ventilation (OR=1.320, P <0.05), hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (OR=2.032, P<0.05), and a prolonged time to reach oral calorie goal of 110 kcal/(kg·d) (OR=1.041, P<0.05) were risk factors for BPD, while an older gestational age was a protective factor against BPD (OR=0.535, P<0.05). Early-onset sepsis (OR=2.524, P<0.05) and a prolonged time to reach oral calorie goal of 110 kcal/(kg·d) (OR=1.029, P<0.05) were risk factors for moderate/severe BPD, while a high mean weight growth velocity was a protective factor against moderate/severe BPD (OR=0.906, P<0.05). Conclusions The incidence rate and severity of BPD in preterm infants with a gestational age of <32 weeks and a birth weight of <1 500 g can be reduced by shortening the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, giving early treatment of early-onset sepsis and hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus, adopting active enteral nutritional strategies, and increasing mean weight growth velocity. © 2022 Xiangya Hospital of CSU. All rights reserved.     

NICU新生儿院内感染情况及危险因素分析

目的：通过分析该院新生儿重症监护室(NICU)2012年1月至2013年10月新生儿院内感染的发生情况,探讨院内感染发生的危险因素。方法回顾性分析NICU住院时间超过48 h新生儿的临床资料,分析院内感染发生、发展及相关的危险因素。结果该研究中1357例患儿发生院内感染202例次,院内感染发生率为14．89%(202/1375),日感染率为10．44‰(202/19355)。不同出生体重与胎龄患儿院内感染发生率比较有统计学意义,其中出生体重<1000 g患儿院感发生率为75．00%,胎龄<30周患儿院内感染发生率为52．63%。最常见的院内感染类型是肺炎[43．07%(87/202)]与败血症[26．73%(54/202)]。院内感染患儿比非院内感染患儿住院时间长(中位住院时间：20 d与10 d)(P<0．01),住院费用高(中位住院费用：21045．32元与8108．23元)(P<0．01)。单因素分析结果显示,院内感染患儿与非院内感染患儿在胎龄、出生体重、5 min Apgar评分、窒息抢救史、感染前抗生素使用、机械通气、中心静脉置管、胸腔闭式引流管、感染前胸腹部手术方面比较差异有显著统计学意义,Logistic 回归分析显示,机械通气、中心静脉置管及感染前使用抗生素为院内感染的独立危险因素。结论 NICU新生儿院内感染发生率比较高,机械通气、中心静脉置管及感染前使用抗生素为NICU院内感染独立危险因素。     

重症监护病房新生儿皮肤管理指南(2021)

新生儿皮肤屏障功能弱,极易受损而导致局部或全身感染,增加死亡风险.保护新生儿皮肤完整性、预防皮肤损伤是新生儿重症监护病房管理的重要内容之一.该指南基于国内外相关证据,采用证据推荐分级的评估、制定与评价方法进行证据分级,制定新生儿重症监护病房新生儿皮肤管理指南,对皮肤常规管理、医源性皮肤损伤的预防及处理给出推荐意见,旨在...     

Non-pharmacological pain management in the neonatal intensive care unit: Managing neonatal pain without drugs

Premature infants hospitalized after birth are exposed to repeated painful procedures as part of their routine medical care. Early neonatal exposure to unmanaged pain has been linked to numerous negative long-term outcomes, such as the development of pain hypersensitivity, detrimental psychological symptomology, and altered neurodevelopment. These findings emphasize the crucial role of pain management in neonatal care. The aim of this article is to give an overview of evidence-based non-pharmacological pain management techniques for hospitalized neonates. Research supporting the effectiveness of various proximal, distal, and procedural pain management methods in neonates will be presented. Additionally, understanding the larger biopsychosocial context of the infant that underpins the mechanisms of these pain management methods is essential. Therefore, two important models that inform non-pharmacological approaches to infant pain management (DIAPR-R [The Development of Infant Acute Pain Responding-Revised], Attachment Theory) will be discussed.     

新生儿重症监护病房医院内感染高危因素及防治策略

随着新生儿重症监护病房(neonatal intensive care unit,NICU)诊治技术的不断发展,医院内感染逐渐增多.做好NICU院内感染的监控工作,对提高新生儿的存活率及NICU的管理水平至关重要.该文分析探讨医院内感染的原因,并讨论医院内感染的防治对策.     

Bacterial nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care unit,Zagazig University Hospital,Egypt

Effective strategies to prevent nosocomial infections (NI) among neonates in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) require a comprehensive study of epidemiology, risk factors and outcomes.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence of NI, associated risk factors, distribution of pathogens and their susceptibility to antibiotics and calculating the death rates among the studied neonates in the NICU of the Zagazig University Hospital.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted over a period of one year, 418 non infected neonates at admission were included, where; Blood, Pus, CSF and Urine specimen were collected and processed.ResultsOut of 418 neonates; 161 (38.5%) developed NI. Most of the infections were caused by Klebsiella (34.2%) and Staphylococcus aureus (26.1%). The main neonatal NI was bloodstream infection (58.0%), followed by pneumonia NI (46.0%). Low birth weight (LBW) and prematurity were reported to be important risk factors for NI. Neonates with NI had a significantly prolonged hospital stay. The death rate for NI was 26.7%.ConclusionHigh incidence rate of NI in neonates admitted to NICU was documented, particularly premature and low birth weight neonates. Early identification of NI and its risk factors remain the keys to successful management of this condition.     

新生儿重症监护室患儿院内感染病原菌分布及院内感染的危险因素分析

目的：了解新生儿重症监护室(NICU)患儿院内感染病原菌分布及院内感染的危险因素。方法：回顾性分析NICU 145例发生院内感染患儿的临床资料。结果：145例院内感染患儿中,肺炎克雷伯杆菌感染41例（28.3%),大肠埃希菌感染39例（26.9%）,表皮葡萄球菌感染10例（6.9%）,其他病原感染55例（37.9%）。Logistic回归分析显示胎龄≤ 32周、出生体重<1500 g、住院时间、机械通气和肠外营养是肺炎克雷伯杆菌所致院内感染的主要危险因素（OR值分别为5.57、6.95、1.23、14.12、3.01）;这5个因素也是大肠埃希菌所致院内感染的主要危险因素（OR值分别为3.42、6.73、9.96、0.55、2.13）。肺炎克雷伯杆菌和大肠埃希菌对β-内酰胺类抗生素有较高的耐药率,而对左氧氟沙星、美洛培南则比较敏感。结论：肺炎克雷伯杆菌、大肠埃希菌及表皮葡萄球菌是NICU患儿院内感染的主要病原菌,它们对β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药率高。机械通气和住院时间分别是院内肺炎克雷伯杆菌和大肠埃希菌感染影响最大的危险因素。     

Early discharge from a neonatal intensive care unit and rates of readmission

Background: Increasing admissions to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) demand early discharge from the units. Our hospital aims to early discharge patients who meet the following requirements: they are able to regulate body temperature; neither apnea nor bradycardia is observed; and bodyweight increases with lactation. We studied the real state of this strategy. Methods: We looked at postmenstrual age, bodyweight, complication at the time of discharge and the readmission rate in 609 patients with gestational age of less than 34 weeks, who were discharged from our NICU between January 2000 and March 2008. Results: The postmenstrual age and bodyweight at discharge decreased with the increase of gestational age. This tendency was stronger in cases with gestational age of less than 26 weeks. A comparison was made between two patient groups with a gestational age of less than 26 weeks and with the age of 26 weeks or longer. Many patients with a gestational age of less than 26 weeks suffered frequently from complications and were on home oxygen therapy. The readmission rates within 3 months and 1 year of NICU discharge were 10.4% and 26.9% in patients with gestational age between 22 and 25 weeks, respectively, while those rates were 2.8% and 7.4% in patients with gestational weeks of 26 to 34, respectively. Conclusion: The postmenstrual age and bodyweight at NICU discharge decreased in inverse proportion to gestational age, especially less than 26 weeks. Our requirements for early discharge were verified by the readmission rate in this investigation.     

新生儿重症监护室医院获得性血流感染的高危因素分析

目的：探讨新生儿重症监护室(NICU)中医院获得性血流感染(BSI)的危险因素。方法：对2005年1月至2006年12月入住华盛顿大学医学院圣路易斯儿童医院NICU的所有新生儿临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：共有1 290例病例符合入选标准。确诊院内获得性BSI 175人次,其中导管相关性BSI(CRBSI)109例,占62.3%。每1 000个住院日的院内BSI发生率为4.22。Logistic 回归分析显示,小胎龄、5 min低Apgar评分、中心静脉置管及置管时间是NICU病人发生院内BSI的4个独立危险因素。而对中心静脉置管婴儿而言,机械通气是BSI的独立危险因素。结论：导管相关性BSI是院内获得性BSI的主要原因,早产、低Apgar评分及置管时间是导致院内获得性BSI的主要危险因素。［中国当代儿科杂志,2010,12（8）：622-624］     

Invasive antenatal procedures and requirement for neonatal intensive care unit admission

Neonatal respiratory difficulties are increased following second trimester amniocentesis. In preterm, prolonged rupture of the membranes, respiratory outcome is particularly poor when rupture occurs in the first trimester. It therefore seems likely that first trimester/early amniocentesis (EA) would be associated with severe respiratory problems necessitating a high neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission rate. To test that hypothesis, the requirement for admission to the NICU of 278 infants whose mothers had undergone EA, 262 whose mothers had undergone chorion villus sampling (CVS group) and 264 controls whose mothers had undergone no invasive procedures were reviewed as were their diagnoses if they needed admission. There was no significant difference in the mode of delivery, gestational age or gender distribution of the three groups and the median maternal age of the EA and CVS groups was similar. Nineteen EA, eight CVS and five control infants required admission to the NICU (EA versus controls, P < 0.01; EA versus CVS plus controls, P < 0.005). Nine EA, one CVS and four control infants had suffered respiratory problems (EA versus CVS P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that immaturity and EA were significantly associated with a requirement for NICU admission. We conclude infants whose mothers have undergone EA may be at increased risk for NICU admission, this is partly due to respiratory problems but the association is uncommon. Received: 1 August 1996 / Accepted: 12 December 1996     

新生儿重症监护室229例新生儿泌尿系感染临床分析

目的：分析新生儿重症监护室（NICU）新生儿泌尿系感染（UTI）的临床特点、病原体分布、病原体药敏及治疗效果。方法：回顾性分析NICU 229例新生儿UTI患儿的临床资料。结果：新生儿UTI临床表现主要为发热或者体温不规则、吃奶少或者拒奶、黄疸不退、呕吐、腹泻、体重不增、精神萎靡等。居于前三位的病原体主要为大肠埃希氏菌、屎肠球菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌。大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯杆菌对氨苄西林及大部分头孢类药物具有较强的耐药性（≥85%）,而对亚胺培南、美罗培南100%敏感,其次对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦也有很高的敏感性（>90%）;屎肠球菌对青霉素（100%）、利福平（84%）、庆大霉素（79%）的耐药率高,对万古霉素最敏感。结论：新生儿UTI临床表现不典型,多以全身症状为主;主要致病菌以大肠埃希菌为主,但屎肠球菌检出率及耐药率均较高,主要致病菌对大部分青霉素及头孢类耐药,临床医生应参考药敏试验结果决定临床用药。