中国大陆淡水鱼华支睾吸虫感染率的meta分析

目的　了解中国大陆淡水鱼华支睾吸虫感染实际水平,为华支睾吸虫病防控和淡水鱼卫生检测提供科学依据。方法　以万方数据资源系统、中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library等中英文数据库为数据源,检索2010年1月1日至2020年12月31日发表的有关中国大陆淡水鱼华支睾吸虫感染状况的文献,根据纳入和排除标准筛选文献,并进行文献质量评价。利用Stata 15.0软件计算淡水鱼华支睾吸虫合并感染率及其95%可信区间（confidential interval,CI）,并对不同地区、不同采样季节、不同来源淡水鱼华支睾吸虫合并感染率进行亚组分析。此外,对所纳入研究的敏感性及发表偏倚进行分析。结果　共纳入文献40篇,其中中文文献37篇、英文文献3篇,高质量文献10篇、中等质量文献27篇、低质量文献3篇。40项研究共纳入53种、37 959条淡水鱼,其中39种（占73.58%）淡水鱼感染华支睾吸虫。meta分析结果显示,淡水鱼华支睾吸虫感染率为23.5%[95% CI：（0.19,0.28）];亚组分析结果表明,东北地区淡水鱼华支睾吸虫感染率达35.7%[95% CI：（0.22,0.50）],高于华中地区[25.9%,95% CI：（0.04,0.48）]和华南地区 [20.6%,95% CI：（0.09,0.32）];春季采样的淡水鱼样本华支睾吸虫感染率为44.1%[95% CI：（0.35,0.53）],高于秋季[6.7%,95% CI：（0.05,0.08）]和夏季[3.3%,95% CI：（-0.01,0.07）];来源于自然水体的淡水鱼华支睾吸虫感染率为25.2%[95% CI：（0.17,0.33)],高于来源于零售环节[22.2%,95% CI：（0.17,0.28）]和养殖环节[12.3%,95% CI：（0.03,0.22）]的淡水鱼。所纳入文献敏感性较低,存在发表偏倚。结论　中国大陆淡水鱼华支睾吸虫感染率较高,华支睾吸虫病防控任务依然艰巨,需要加强健康教育、诊断技术开发和食品安全监管等方面工作。     

华支睾吸虫感染是胆囊结石患者合并壁问结石的危险因素

目的探讨华支睾吸虫感染与胆囊结石患者合并壁间结石的关系。方法回顾性分析2011年1～12月间连续340例实施硬镜取石保胆手术的胆囊结石病人合并胆囊壁间结石情况,及其与华支睾吸虫感染、年龄、性别、术前血糖、血脂水平、乙肝病毒感染、胆囊结石的数量和大小的关系。结果①340例胆囊结石患者中发现合并壁间结石79例（23．2％）检出华支睾吸虫感染阳性153例（45．0％）。②华支睾吸虫感染阳性患者合并壁间结石49例（49／153,32．0％）;感染阴性患者合并壁间结石30例（30／187,16．0％）,感染阳性者合并结石率较高（P=0．01）;79例合并壁间结石的病人中,47例壁间结石内发现华支睾吸虫卵（59．5％）。③Logistic回归分析显示,合并壁间结石的发生,与年龄、性别、术前血糖、血脂水平、乙肝病毒感染、胆囊结石的数量和大小等因素关系不大,而与华支睾吸虫感染有关（OR-2．29;95％CI=1．35～3．86,P=0．002）。结论华支睾吸虫感染是胆囊结石患者合并砖间结石的危险因素．。     

华支睾吸虫感染与急性胆囊炎的关系-流行区调查与临床资料分析

在广东顺德市调查５２３０人的华支睾吸虫感染率２５．１％（１３１５／５２３０），１３１５例华支睾吸虫感染者的胆囊炎发生率为６．０％，３９１５例非华支睾吸虫感染者则为０．８％，差异非常显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。在６４例急性胆囊炎住院患者中，５７例（８９．１％）合并华支睾吸虫感染，未合并华支睾吸虫感染者仅为７例（１０．９％），前者为后者的８倍多。说明华支睾吸虫感染与急性胆囊炎的发生有密切关系。在急性胆囊炎合并华支睾吸虫患者中，驱虫治疗对防止急性胆囊炎反复发作有积极作用。     

华支睾吸虫感染与急性胆囊炎的关系——流行区调查与临床…

在广东顺德市调查５２３０的华支睾吸虫感染率２５．１％（１３１５／５２３０），１３１５例华支睾吸虫感染者的胆囊炎发生率为６．０％３９１５例非华支睾吸虫感染者则为０．８％，差异非常显著（Ｐ〈０．０１），在６４例急性胆囊炎住院患者中，５７例（８９．１％）合并华支睾吸虫感染，未合并华支睾吸虫感染者仅为７例（１０．９％）前者为后者的８倍多，说明华支睾吸虫感染与急性胆囊炎的发生有密切关系，在急性胆囊炎合并华支     

肝外胆管结石与华支睾吸虫感染的流行病学关系

目的探讨肝外胆管结石与华支睾吸虫感染的流行病学关系。方法选取广东省江门市中心医院2010年1月至2015年6月收治肝外胆管结石行ERCP的241例患者为研究对像,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果华支睾吸虫感染率达45.64%,以男性为主,占79.09%。结论华支睾吸虫感染是引起肝外胆管结石的重要因素之一,有效控制华支睾吸虫的感染,对降低当地胆管结石的发病率很有帮助。     

171例华支睾吸虫病患者临床资料分析

目的了解171例华支睾吸虫病病例的临床特征。方法对确诊的华支睾吸虫病患者的临床资料、实验室和B超影像学检查及再感染情况等进行描述分析。结果 171例患者多数无明显症状或仅有轻度乏力、肝区不适等症状,病情较轻,其中无不适症状者占58.33%(99/171),出现乏力、食欲减退者占42.11%(72/171);肝功能异常发生率为57.31%(98/171);122例进行了B超检查,发现合并胆囊炎8例,胆囊结石3例,肝内胆管回声增强35例,肝内胆管回声增强并肝内胆管轻度扩张42例,脂肪肝10例;再感染发生率高,24例经吡喹酮后,有22例华支睾吸虫虫卵和/或华支睾吸虫抗体阳性;再感染者中肝内胆管轻度扩张发生率为68.18%(15/22),未经治疗患者发生率为27.55%(27/98),差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.43,P<0.01)。结论华支睾吸虫病多数患者无明显症状或仅有轻度乏力、肝区不适等症状,病情轻;再感染发生率高,且肝内胆管扩张发生率较高。     

改良加藤厚涂片法和PCR法检测华支睾吸虫感染的 效果比较

目的　比较改良加藤厚涂片法（Kato?Katz法）和PCR法对现场人群粪便样本中华支睾吸虫感染的检出率,为华支睾吸虫感染检测方法的选择提供依据。方法　在2016年广西壮族自治区藤县人体华支睾吸虫感染流行病学调查的基础上,随机抽取133份粪便样本,-20 ℃保存。分别采用Kato?Katz法（1粪3检）和PCR法检测华支睾吸虫感染,比较两种方法对华支睾吸虫感染的检出率,采用Kappa分析评价两种检测方法结果的一致性。结果　133份人群粪便样本中,华支睾吸虫感染总检出率为77.44%（103/133）,其中Kato?Katz法检出率为57.14%（76/133）,PCR法检出率为70.68%（93/133）, PCR法检出率显著高于Kato?Katz法（[χ2] = 26.15,P <0.01）。76份Kato?Katz法阳性粪便样本中,88.16%（67/76）的样本PCR法扩增阳性;57份Kato?Katz法阴性样本中,47.37%（27/57）的样本PCR法扩增阳性。PCR法对每g粪便虫卵数（EPG）> 1 000的粪便样本中华支睾吸虫感染的检出率（94.7%,18/19）高于EPG < 1 000的样本（85.96%,49/57）,但差异无统计学意义([χ2] = 1.05,P = 0.436)。两种方法检出率一致性检验结果一般（Kappa = 0.73）。结论　PCR法对人群华支睾吸虫感染的检出率显著高于Kato?Katz法。建议在华支睾吸虫感染度较轻的地区,采用Kato?Katz法结合PCR法进行检测,以提高检出率。     

华支睾吸虫感染合并胆囊结石患者的超声影像学特点及其诊断价值分析

目的分析胆囊结石合并华支睾吸虫感染患者的超声影像学特点,探讨其临床诊断价值。方法回顾分析2009年1月—2012年12月间2 886例胆囊结石患者中同时有华支睾吸虫感染者(以胆汁中发现虫卵为诊断依据)的肝、胆超声声像学特点及二者的关系。结果所有胆囊结石患者中,华支睾吸虫感染率43.3%(384/886)。与之相比,超声出现除胆囊结石外的额外声像比例为33.6%(298/886),两者差异有统计学意义(χ~2=26.455,P0.05),其总的敏感性和特异性为43.0%(165/384)和73.5%(369/502)。额外声像的种类及其敏感性和特异性分别是:肝实质增粗和,或肝内外胆管壁增厚为6.0%和99.6%;胆囊壁增厚(≥3 mm)和/或胆囊增大为10.4%和93.2%;胆囊炎症表现为12.5%和91.8%;胆泥、胆囊沉积物和/或泥沙样结石为26.3%和85.1%。结论胆囊结石患者合并华支睾吸虫感染时,肝胆超声会出现除胆囊结石外的额外声像,但用于临床诊断敏感性不足。     

广州珠三角地区家猫自然感染华支睾吸虫的调查及豚鼠模型的构建

目的了解广州珠三角地区家猫自然感染华支睾吸虫状况,观察豚鼠感染华支睾吸虫后肝组织病理变化。方法解剖当地家猫,取肝脏,检查华支睾吸虫感染情况,阳性肝脏收集成虫,并取肝组织制作切片;采集阳性鱼,分离华支睾吸虫囊蚴,经口感染豚鼠,60个囊蚴／只,60d后解剖豚鼠,检查肝脏,收集成虫,取病变肝组织制作切片,作病理检查。实验设未感染对照组。结果当地猫华支睾吸虫自然感染率为41．47％（214／516）;感染豚鼠华支睾吸虫成虫网收率50．83％（305／600）。与对照组比较,实验组豚鼠肝脏肿大,边缘呈球状隆起,部分肝叶表面可见水泡状凸起病变,水泡内液清亮;病变组织横切面可见胆管管壁增厚,管腔内有华支睾吸虫成虫寄生;镜下可见华支睾吸虫虫卯切面,周围大量炎症细胞浸润,胆管管壁增厚,管周纤维组织增生伴胆管扩张,肝小叶结构破坏。结论广州珠三角地区家猫华支睾吸虫感染率较高。豚鼠是华支睾吸虫合适的终末宿主,且肝脏病变明显。     

肝癌合并华支睾吸虫病的术中诊断及处理

目的总结肝癌合并华支睾吸虫病的术中诊断及处理方法。方法对78例肝癌合并华支睾吸虫病患者的术中所见及处理方法作回顾性分析。结果本组术中均于肝切面上或切除后胆管中肉眼见华支睾吸虫成虫,行肝癌切除术同时行胆总管切开探查,胆管冲洗取虫、T管引流,术后抗吸虫药物治疗。术后发生胆瘘10例,经处理治愈7例,死于胆瘘感染3例;死于肝功能衰竭2例。余患者1个月后复查肝功能恢复正常,大便检查无虫卵。结论华支睾吸虫疫区的肝癌患者术中应注意吸虫病后诊断;肝癌切除后胆管冲洗取虫、T管引流及术后抗吸虫治疗为有效方法。     

河南省结直肠癌患者蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫感染及危险因素分析

目的　了解河南省结直肠癌患者蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫感染特征并分析其危险因素。方法　2021年3—7月,采用横断面调查法对河南省肿瘤医院结直肠癌患者进行问卷调查,并收集其粪便样本,采用巢式PCR法扩增蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫磷酸丙糖异构酶（tpi）基因以确定感染虫种基因型。采用单因素分析和多因素logistic回归模型分析结直肠癌患者感染蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫的危险因素。结果　共调查结直肠癌患者307例,其中男性176例（占57.3%）、女性131例（占42.7%）。巢式PCR检测粪样基因组DNA发现,蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫感染率为8.1%[25/307,95% 可信区间（CI）:（0.056,0.117）],其中男性感染率为9.1%[16/176,95% CI:（0.057,0.143）]、女性感染率为6.9%[9/131,95% CI:（0.037,0.125）]（[χ2] = 0.495,P = 0.482）。不同年龄组结直肠癌患者蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫感染率差异无统计学意义（[χ2] = 1.534,P = 0.675）。多因素分析发现,使用粪池[比值比（OR）= 3.336,95% CI:（1.201,9.267）]、日常使用水井水[OR = 3.042,95% CI:（1.093,8.465）]及饲养家畜[OR = 3.740,95% CI：（1.154,12.121）]是结直肠癌患者感染蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫的危险因素。结直肠癌患者中,蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫感染者腹痛发生率显著高于非感染者（P = 0.017）。25例蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫感染者中,24例（占96.0%）为聚集体A型感染、1例（占4.0%）为聚集体B型感染。结论　河南省结直肠癌患者蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫感染率相对较高,感染的蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫主要基因型为聚集体A型;使用粪池、日常使用水井水及饲养家畜是结直肠癌患者感染蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫的危险因素。     

急性戊型肝炎严重黄疸患者的临床特征及危险因素分析

目的分析伴或不伴严重黄疸的急性戊型肝炎患者的临床特征,并探究发生严重黄疸的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2018年1月1日—2020年3月26日上海市公共卫生临床中心收治的179例急性戊型肝炎患者的临床资料。根据TBil是否>171μmol/L分为AHE伴轻度黄疸(AHE-M)组和AHE伴严重黄疸(AHE-S)组,比较两组临床资料及实验室检查指标。两组间比较采用t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验或χ2检验,独立危险因素分析采用二元logistic回归。结果179例患者56.42%(101例)伴严重黄疸。与AHE-M组比较,AHE-S组男性占比多(80.20%vs 61.54%,χ2=7.612,P=0.006),住院时间长[29(19~45)d vs 18(14~22)d,Z=-6.035,P<0.001],发生肝衰竭的人数多[23 vs 0,χ2=18.373,P<0.001],预后差(P<0.001)。AHE-S组基线的抗-HEV-IgM、AFP、肝脏弹性值均高于AHE-M组(Z值分别为-3.534、-3.588、-4.496,P值均<0.001),基线的CD4低于AHE-M组(Z=-2.015,P<0.05),TBil、DBil、肌酐、凝血酶原时间、INR、中性粒细胞绝对数的峰值均高于AHE-M组(Z值分别为-11.016、-10.926、-2.726、-4.787、-4.989、-6.016,P值均<0.01),GGT的峰值、白蛋白、前白蛋白、淋巴细胞绝对数的谷值均低于AHE-M组(Z值分别为-4.550、-4.685、-5.087、-4.818,P值均<0.001)。logistic回归分析显示抗-HEV-IgM(OR=1.022,95%CI:1.005~1.039,P=0.012)、GGT(OR=0.995,95%CI:0.993~0.998,P=0.001)、前白蛋白(OR=0.991,95%CI:0.983~0.999,P=0.02)、中性粒细胞(OR=1.486,95%CI:1.169~1.889,P=0.001)是急性戊型肝炎患者出现严重黄疸的独立危险因素。结论急性戊型肝炎严重黄疸患者男性占比多,住院时间长,发生肝衰竭人数多,预后差,抗-HEV-IgM、GGT、前白蛋白、中性粒细胞是急性戊型肝炎患者出现严重黄疸的独立危险因素。     

Presence of white bile associated with lower survival in malignant biliary obstruction

OBJECTIVE: The chemical composition and clinical significance of white bile in patients with malignant biliary obstruction were evaluated in a prospective study. METHODS: Consecutive patients (January 1996 through December 1997) with inoperable malignant biliary obstruction underwent endoscopic placement of 10F straight, plastic biliary stents. Bile was aspirated during the endoscopic procedure. Patients were divided into 2 groups: those with white and those with yellow bile. The chemical composition of bile was analyzed. Levels of bile acids in the serum and bile (11 samples) were estimated by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. The groups were compared for decremental fall in bilirubin (b value), cholangitis after stent insertion, and survival. RESULTS: Thirty-five patients (15 men, 20 women; mean age 54 years) underwent endoscopic drainage for malignant obstruction (29 hilar, 6 distal bile duct). Eighteen patients had white bile. Refractory jaundice (b > -0.025) was seen in 9 (50%) patients with white bile compared with 3 (17.6%) with yellow bile; mean difference -42.2 (95% CI [-62.4, -22.0]) and -45.7 (95% CI [-72.0, -19.4]), respectively. The bilirubin (0.48 mg/L) and bile acid (15.6 mmol/L) concentrations in white bile were significantly less than bilirubin (42.7 mg/L) and bile acid (61.3 mmol/L) concentrations in yellow bile; mean difference -42.2 (95% CI [-62.4, -22.0]) and mean difference -45.7 (95% CI [-72.0, -19.4]), respectively. Cholangitis developed in 66.6% of patients with white bile compared with 35% of those with yellow bile (OR 3.67: 95% CI [0.74, 19.25]). Kaplan-Meier curves showed that median survival (interquartile range) was shorter in patients with white bile (35 [23-60] versus 77 [35-220] days) (p = 0.004, log rank test), which was significant even after adjusting for potential confounders with Cox proportional hazards regression. CONCLUSION: White bile is largely devoid of bilirubin and bile acids. The presence of white bile was associated with significantly worse survival in patients with malignant biliary obstruction.     

经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术后急性胰腺炎与高淀粉酶血症对比观察

目的 比较经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)后急性胰腺炎(PEP)与高淀粉酶血症(PEHA)患者的临床特点及影响因素,为预防病情进展提供依据。 方法 选取武汉大学人民医院2017年1月-2019年8月住院行ERCP的患者117例,所有患者术前均预防性使用双氯芬酸钠栓塞肛。术后发生PEHA组77例,PEP组40例,比较2组患者临床特点及影响因素。符合正态分布的计量资料2组间比较采用t检验;不符合正态分布的计量资料2组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验;计数资料2组间比较采用χ2检验;采用多因素logistic回归分析PEP的独立影响因素。结果 术前ALP(Z=-2.518,P=0.012)、GGT(Z=-2.313,P=0.021)、TBil(Z=-2.978,P=0.003)、DBil(Z=-3.069,P=0.002)水平及术中是否行导丝进入胰管检查(χ2=4.176,P=0.041)在两组之间差异显著。进一步logistic回归分析结果显示,导丝进入胰管次数≥3次[优势比(OR)=2.469,95%可信区间(95%CI): 1.199~5.188,P=0.047]、ALP<125 U/L(OR=5.499,95%CI: 1.452~18.830,P=0.012)、TBil<22 μmol/L(OR=4.249,95%CI: 1.023~17.648,P=0.046)是影响PEP发生的独立危险因素。结论 即使预防性使用双氯芬酸钠栓剂,术前ALP、TBil水平正常及术中导丝多次进入胰管的患者更易发生PEP,需引起手术医师警惕。根据病情,术前及术后采取早期干预措施可能减少PEHA向PEP进展,减少中重度PEP的发生,改善预后。     

南昌市艾滋病患者合并人芽囊原虫感染情况及危险因素分析

目的　了解江西省南昌市艾滋病患者人芽囊原虫感染状况及其危险因素。方法　2016年5—9月采用横断面调查法对南昌市艾滋病患者进行问卷调查,并采集调查对象粪便,采用PCR法检测粪便基因组中人芽囊原虫DNA以判定感染状况;同时采集调查对象血液样本,检测其中CD4+ T淋巴细胞数量。采用单因素分析和多因素logistic回归分析对南昌市艾滋病患者人芽囊原虫感染的危险因素进行分析。结果　2016年5—9月在南昌市累计调查艾滋病患者505例,人芽囊原虫感染率为4.16%。单因素分析结果显示,与南昌市艾滋病患者感染人芽囊原虫有关的危险因素包括职业（[χ2] = 8.595,P = 0.049）、受教育程度（[χ2] = 14.494,P = 0.001）、日常饮用水类型（[χ2] = 10.750,P = 0.020）、感染HIV途径（[χ2] = 8.755,P = 0.026）、是否接受抗HIV治疗（[χ2] = 23.083,P = 0.001）;多因素logistic回归分析显示,日常直接饮用自来水是南昌市艾滋病患者感染人芽囊原虫的危险因素[比值比（odds ratio,OR） = 7.988,95%可信区间（confidential interval,CI）：（1.160,55.004）],接受抗HIV病毒治疗是人芽囊原虫感染的保护因素[OR = 0.183,95% CI：（0.049,0.685）]。结论　南昌市艾滋病患者人芽囊原虫感染率为4.16%。日常直接饮用自来水是南昌市艾滋病患者感染人芽囊原虫的危险因素,接受抗HIV治疗是保护因素。     

安徽省阜阳市HIV/AIDS患者人芽囊原虫感染 流行特征及危险因素

目的　调查安徽省阜阳市HIV/AIDS患者人芽囊原虫感染情况及其危险因素。方法　2016年采用横断面调查方法对安徽省阜阳市HIV/AIDS感染者进行问卷调查,收集调查对象一般人口学信息、社会经济状况、生产生活方式信息。采集调查对象粪便,通过PCR方法检测粪便基因组中人芽囊原虫DNA以判定感染状况;同时采集调查对象血液,检测其中CD4+T淋巴细胞数量和HIV病毒载量。采用单因素分析和多因素logistic回归分析对HIV/AIDS患者人芽囊原虫感染的危险因素进行分析。结果　本研究共招募398名HIV/AIDS病例,平均年龄为49.3岁、平均体重为55.9 kg、平均身高为164.4 cm。人芽囊原虫感染率为6.78%,不同性别（[χ2] = 1.589,P = 0.207）、受教育程度（[χ2] = 0.508,P = 0.776）、婚姻（[χ2] = 0.419,P = 0.811）和职业（[χ2] = 2.744,P = 0.615）患者感染率差异均无统计学意义。人芽囊原虫感染者和非感染者年龄（t = 0.370,P = 0.712）、身高（t = 1.587,P = 0.113）、体重（t = 0.516,P = 0.606）、CD4+ T淋巴细胞数量（t = 1.187,P = 0.230）和HIV病毒载量（t = 0.193,P = 0.496）差异均无统计学意义。饮用非自来水[OR = 6.554, 95% CI：（1.876,22.903）]和养狗[OR = 5.895,95% CI：（2.017,17.225）]是HIV/AIDS患者感染人芽囊原虫的危险因素。结论　安徽省阜阳市HIV/AIDS患者人芽囊原虫感染率较高,饮用非自来水和养狗是该人群人芽囊原虫感染的危险因素。     

安徽省阜阳市HIV/AIDS患者人芽囊原虫感染 流行特征及危险因素

目的　调查安徽省阜阳市HIV/AIDS患者人芽囊原虫感染情况及其危险因素。方法　2016年采用横断面调查方法对安徽省阜阳市HIV/AIDS感染者进行问卷调查，收集调查对象一般人口学信息、社会经济状况、生产生活方式信息。采集调查对象粪便，通过PCR方法检测粪便基因组中人芽囊原虫DNA以判定感染状况；同时采集调查对象血液，检测其中CD4+T淋巴细胞数量和HIV病毒载量。采用单因素分析和多因素logistic回归分析对HIV/AIDS患者人芽囊原虫感染的危险因素进行分析。结果　本研究共招募398名HIV/AIDS病例，平均年龄为49.3岁、平均体重为55.9 kg、平均身高为164.4 cm。人芽囊原虫感染率为6.78%，不同性别（[χ2] = 1.589，P = 0.207）、受教育程度（[χ2] = 0.508，P = 0.776）、婚姻（[χ2] = 0.419，P = 0.811）和职业（[χ2] = 2.744，P = 0.615）患者感染率差异均无统计学意义。人芽囊原虫感染者和非感染者年龄（t = 0.370，P = 0.712）、身高（t = 1.587，P = 0.113）、体重（t = 0.516，P = 0.606）、CD4+ T淋巴细胞数量（t = 1.187，P = 0.230）和HIV病毒载量（t = 0.193，P = 0.496）差异均无统计学意义。饮用非自来水[OR = 6.554， 95% CI：（1.876，22.903）]和养狗[OR = 5.895，95% CI：（2.017，17.225）]是HIV/AIDS患者感染人芽囊原虫的危险因素。结论　安徽省阜阳市HIV/AIDS患者人芽囊原虫感染率较高，饮用非自来水和养狗是该人群人芽囊原虫感染的危险因素。     

Palliation of malignant biliary obstruction: a prospective trial examining impact on quality of life

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic decompression is used for palliation of patients with malignant biliary obstruction. Little is known of its effect on quality of life. The aims of this study were to determine clinical characteristics that have the greatest adverse impact on quality of life in patients with malignant biliary obstruction, and to quantify changes in the quality of life of patients with malignant biliary obstruction after successful decompression with a plastic stent. METHODS: Patients with malignant biliary obstruction without liver metastases considered nonsurgical candidates and referred to a tertiary university medical center for palliative endoscopic decompression were sequentially enrolled in this prospective cohort study. The SF-36 Health Survey questionnaire at baseline and 1 month after stent insertion was used to quantify quality of life. Results were correlated to clinical and laboratory parameters. Multivariate analyses were carried out to determine independent predictors of baseline quality of life and improvement after stent insertion. RESULTS: Fifty patients (20 men, 30 women; mean [SD] age 72.6 [10.6] years) with a mean weight of 62.4 (12.9) kg and mean body mass index of 23.4 (4.3) kg/m(2) were enrolled. Two thirds had a distal malignant lesion, 12.5% had mid bile duct obstruction, and the rest either hilar or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. At baseline, 70% complained of pruritus and 98% were jaundiced (mean total bilirubin 15 [7] mg/dL). Mean duration of symptoms before decompression was 23 (25) days. Weight loss, and elevated bilirubin level had the greatest impact on baseline quality of life domains in both univariate and multivariate analysis. After biliary drainage, complete follow-up information was available for 51% of the initial cohort. Among these 26 patients, a 33% improvement in bilirubin level was documented in 84% of patients and was associated with significant improvements in social function (relative risk = 0.11; 95% CI [0.03, 0.19]) and mental health (relative risk = 0.036; 95% CI [0.011, 0.08]). A baseline bilirubin of greater than 14 mg/dL was associated with lack of improvement in social function at 1-month follow-up (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Weight loss and hyperbilirubinemia are strongly predictive of poor quality of life before endoscopic decompression. Successful biliary drainage after stent insertion is associated with improvements in quality of life, although this is less true among patients with a baseline bilirubin over 13 mg/dL. These results may lead to better selection of patients for palliative biliary decompression and require prospective validation.     

Sirolimus may be associated with early recurrence of biliary obstruction in liver transplant patients undergoing endoscopic stenting of biliary strictures

Introduction. Recurrent biliary obstruction necessitating premature repeat endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERCP) remains a costly and morbid problem in patients undergoing treatment of post-or-thotopic liver transplantation (OLT) biliary strictures. We evaluated the relationship between prednisone or sirolimus use and early recurrence of biliary obstruction given their negative effects on collagen production and cholangiocyte regeneration.Methods. Medical records of adult patients who underwent OLT from 1998-2008 and developed anastomotic (ABS) and/or nonanastomotic (NABS) biliary strictures requiring endoscopic plastic stent therapy were reviewed. Outcome was early recurrence of biliary obstruction requiring repeat ERCP. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age, sex, and time from OLT to ERCP, were performed.Results. 35 patients with ABS and 9 patients with NABS underwent a total of 157 ERCPs. Median patient age was 56 years, 68% were male, and hepatitis C was the most common OLT indication (52%). Early recurrence of biliary obstruction ocurred following 17.1% of ERCPs. In univariate analysis, neither prednisone nor sirolimus was associated with early recurrence of biliary obstruction. In multivariate analysis, however, sirolimus use was associated with increased incidence of early recurrent biliary obstruction (OR = 2.53; 95% CI: 0.77-8.32; p = 0.12); this was more pronounced at doses > 3 (OR = 4.27; 95% CI: 0.62-29.3; p = 0.14) than at ≤ 3 mg/day (OR = 2.24; 95% CI: 0.62-8.13; p = 0.22) and statistically significant in patients with ABS only (OR = 1.44 per mg increase in sirolimus dose; 95% CI 1.02-2.03; p = 0.037).Conclusions. Sirolimus use, particularly at higher doses and patients with ABS, may be associated with an increased risk of early recurrence of biliary obstruction requiring repeat ERCP for post-OLT biliary strictures. Additional studies are needed to further investigate these findings and elucidate other risk factors.