上海市闵行区成人9种疫苗接种率及疫苗犹豫影响因素分析

目的 了解上海市闵行区成人9种疫苗的接种情况、犹豫程度及影响因素,为人群干预提供参考依据。方法 采用横断面调查方法,通过方便抽样的方式收集2021年1月10日—3月9日上海市闵行区成人接种乙肝疫苗、水痘减毒活疫苗、流感疫苗、肺炎球菌多糖疫苗、人乳头瘤病毒疫苗、麻风/麻腮风疫苗、甲肝疫苗、戊肝疫苗、狂犬病疫苗情况的问卷。调查内容包括人口学特征、疫苗犹豫以及“3Cs”模型的3个维度[分别是信任(confidence)、自满(complacency)和便利(convenience)]。运用R软件,进行χ²检验分析人口学特征和其对疫苗犹豫的影响。通过多因素logistic回归分析“3Cs”模型各维度与疫苗犹豫之间的关系。结果 本研究共完成6 433份有效调查问卷,调查对象的平均年龄为(36.84±9.18)岁,男女比例为1∶0.93,9种疫苗接种率分别为乙肝疫苗52.63%(3 386/6 433)、水痘减毒活疫苗50.57%(3 253/6 433)、流感疫苗24.93%(1 604/6 433)、肺炎球菌多糖疫苗18.16%(1 168/6 433)、人乳头瘤病毒疫苗...     

应对新冠病毒疫苗犹豫的策略探讨

全球疫苗犹豫已成为阻碍个体与群体免疫,扭转免疫规划所取得成果的重要原因之一。疫苗犹豫后果严重,通常伴随疫苗的使用而存在,疫苗犹豫往往使原本已消灭或有效控制的疾病卷土重来。随着近年来其危害的持续加重,疫苗犹豫问题已成为全球十大健康威胁之一,并在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情全球大流行期间阻碍着国际和国内社会对疫情的成功控制。在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间,还是存在对新冠疫苗的犹豫心理,如果人们拒绝接种新冠疫苗,就无法发挥疫苗的作用,无法建立群体免疫屏障,从根本上难以解决国际疫情输入和国内疫情扩散的风险。疫苗犹豫成因复杂,主要包括疫苗信任度（包含对疫苗的安全性、有效性等指标的信心等）、群众的自满情绪（包括对疾病危害的认识偏低和战胜疾病的盲目自信等）以及疫苗的便利性,还涉及研发、供应、接种、疫苗价格等多个因素。本文结合海南新冠疫苗接种实际,就新冠疫苗犹豫的背景、成因、后果及消除措施进行了论述,并探讨了应对新冠疫苗犹豫的策略,供医疗卫生人员和社会公众认知疫苗犹豫,增强免疫接种信心,消除疫苗犹豫。     

新冠肺炎疫情下大众替代性创伤的影响因素

目的:调查新冠肺炎疫情期间大众替代性创伤状况及其影响因素.方法:采用替代性创伤量表(VTS)及简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)线上调查了201位受访者.结果:201例研究受访者中,7％(14例)发生了替代性创伤,20.0％(40例)出现情绪反应,11.0％(23例)行为出现改变,8.5％(17例)出现认知反应,20.0％(...     

新冠病毒蛋白亚单位疫苗研究进展

当前,新冠病毒（SARS-Cov-2）不断突变、进化,新冠肺炎（COVID-19）疫情正严重威胁着人类健康。疫苗是预防和控制新冠肺炎最有效、最经济的手段。全球科研机构及公司采用不同的技术路线,开展新冠疫苗的研制工作。根据制备技术,新冠疫苗分为灭活病毒疫苗、减毒活疫苗、mRNA疫苗、DNA疫苗、病毒载体疫苗、病毒样颗粒疫苗和蛋白亚单位疫苗。其中,基于细菌、酵母、昆虫或哺乳动物细胞体外生产关键病毒蛋白或肽所制备的病毒蛋白亚单位疫苗因其安全性、有效性高,生产、储存及运输成本低而具有广泛的应用前景。目前,全球上市的新冠病毒蛋白亚单位疫苗共计14种。鉴于此,本研究梳理全球上市的新冠病毒蛋白亚单位疫苗研究和发展现状,总结其研发原理及临床效果,以期对新冠病毒蛋白亚单位疫苗研制提供借鉴。     

大专医学生新冠肺炎知信行现状及影响因素

目的:了解疫情期间大专医学生认知、态度和行为现状,为疫情防控提供参考。方法:1262名大专医学生参与问卷调查。结果:大专医学生新冠肺炎认知、对学校、政府的肯定态度均与积极应对行为呈显著正相关;性别(t=-0.982,P=0.326)、户籍(t=4.386,P<0.05)、关注程度(F=55.170,P<0.05)、准备防护用品(t=9.497,P<0.05)、疫情对未来工作感到恐惧(t=-5.425,P<0.05)是积极应对行为的影响因素。结论:加强医学生引导,提高认知水平,促进积极应对行为。     

新冠病毒变异株新进展及其对疫苗免疫保护作用的影响

严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2引起的新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）大流行严重威胁人类生命健康及社会经济发展,为了应对这一公共卫生事件,全球各科研机构迅速研发疫苗并投入紧急使用,为战胜疫情带来了曙光。然而,随着新冠病毒在世界范围内的不断传播,病毒基因组发生突变,形成多种变异株。其中,阿尔法（Alpha）、贝塔（Beta）、伽马（Gamma）、德尔塔（Delta）、奥密克戎（Omicron）变异株表现出更高的传染性,且对疫苗和中和抗体的抵抗力更高,给COVID-19的预防和治疗带来新的挑战。目前,变异株对已获批疫苗的有效性的影响已成为全球研究的热点。本文就上述新冠病毒变异株新进展及其对疫苗免疫保护作用的影响作简要综述。     

Assessing the adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccine in different scenarios in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study

Objectives:To assess the different side effects of COVID-19 vaccines at different scenarios in Saudi Arabia.Methods:This cross-sectional study sought to investigate the side effects of COVID-19 vaccines through an online survey of 2,718 participants in Saudi Arabia.Results:People can manage their expectations about vaccine side effects and deal with symptoms better by knowing beforehand that they are likely to experience mild side effects for a short period, symptoms that are manifested regardless of age, and infection before or after vaccination. There are certain uncommon side effects that affect more people who got infected, and not before vaccination; there are side effects that disproportionately impact women, and also the side effects that wane after the second dose.Conclusion:These findings can assist in evaluating the concerns regarding vaccine acceptance. The public should be made aware that they are likely to experience at least one side effect, with temporary post-injection inflammation, musculoskeletal pain, fever, and headache as the most commonly reported side effects across the board. However, the common symptoms are mild to moderate, and the side effects last for a short period for most people.     

Sleep quality and insomnia during the COVID-19 lockdown among the Saudi public: A cross-sectional study

Objectives:To measure the Saudi population’s sleep quality during the lockdown of COVID-19.Methods:An internet-based questionnaire that was performed during the lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic among the Saudi population over 2 weeks from April 1 to April 15, 2020. We used the instant messaging application WhatsApp and Twitter to reach the targeted population. Saudi citizens and non-Saudi residents who can read and understand the questionnaire were recruited. Data were analyzed using Stata and SPSS.Results:A total of 790 responses were included. The majority of participants were the Saudi population 735 (92.9%). The prevalence of insomnia and poor sleep quality were 54.4% and 55.5%, respectively. Saudi citizenship was associated with longer sleep duration (p=0.031). Female gender and being married were associated with worse global PSQI, sleep quality, sleep distribution, sleep latency, and daytime dysfunction.Conclusion:Our findings showed that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Saudi population had a high prevalence of insomnia and poor sleep quality. Routine monitoring of the psychological impact of life-threatening outbreaks and the adoption of effective early mental health actions should be considered.     

基于DEA模型的新冠疫情防控效率评价

使用DEA模型对14个国家的新冠疫情防控效率进行评价,结果显示,我国的医疗资源配置效率为DEA有效,疫情防控效果较好。作为评价样本的欧洲各国的医疗资源配置效率普遍较低,日本与韩国的医疗资源配置效率相对较高,俄罗斯的医疗资源配置冗余最高。人均医疗资源数量与疫情防控效果并未呈现较强的相关性,一些医疗资源丰富的国家还有待提升医疗资源配置效率。     

Perceptions of healthcare workers in high-risk areas of a Singapore hospital during COVID-19: a cross-sectional study

Introduction:There is worldwide concern over the psycho-emotional impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aimed to elicit HCWs’ perceptions of the adequacy of protective measures in high-risk clinical areas and the factors associated with these perceptions.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study conducted in April 2020. An anonymous electronic survey was sent via email to operating theatre (OT) and intensive care unit (ICU) staff of Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore.Results:Of the 358 eligible participants, 292 (81.6%) responded to the survey. 93.2% of the participants felt that precautionary measures at work were sufficient and 94.9% acknowledged that adequate training was provided. More than 60% of the participants opined that their chances of contracting COVID-19 were moderate to high. Female gender, nursing occupation and duration of service <10 years were significantly associated with increased fear of contracting COVID-19, less control over occupational exposure and lower perceived need to care for COVID-19 patients. Having young children at home did not significantly affect these perceptions. The most important ICU precautions were availability of personal protective equipment outside the rooms of COVID-19 positive patients (95.3%) and having visitor restrictions (95.3%). The most important OT measures were having a dedicated OT for COVID-19 positive patients (91.2%) and having simulation as part of protocol familiarisation (91.7%).Conclusion:Overall, there was high confidence in the adequacy of COVID-19 protective measures to prevent healthcare transmission in Singapore. The pandemic had a lower degree of psycho-emotional impact on HCWs here as compared to other countries.     

COVID-19 vaccination uptake and adverse events following COVID-19 immunization in pregnant women in Northern India: a prospective,comparative, cohort study

Objectives: The most commonly used vaccine in India, Covishield, is a recombinant adenovirus vector vaccine for which safety data in pregnant women are not available. The present study was conducted to assess the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines and monitor adverse events following COVID-19 immunization among pregnant women in northern India.Patients and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among pregnant women registered with the antenatal clinics in Chandigarh Union Territory (U.T.) in northern India. The study included 247 pregnant women and a comparative group of age-matched, non-pregnant women (247) who received the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine and were followed up by telephone interviews for adverse events following immunization at three time points until 28 days after vaccination. Multivariate regression (logistic and linear) was used for the adjusted analysis, with adverse events following immunization and the duration of adverse events following immunization as the outcomes.Results: The COVID-19 vaccination uptake rate was 66.8% among the pregnant women. The 28-day incidence rate of adverse events following immunization among the pregnant women was 76.5%. The overall 28-day incidence of adverse events following immunization in pregnant women did not differ significantly from that of non-pregnant women (P=0.153).Conclusion: The Covishield vaccine is safe for pregnant women in India. Further follow-up of the cohort for feto-maternal outcomes needs to be conducted with an adequate sample size to confirm the overall safety profile of the vaccine.     

Sleep quality and sleep hygiene in preclinical medical students of tertiary care center amidst COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional observational study

Objectives: Due to the long-lasting pandemic measures, such as lockdown and stay-at-home orders, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on higher education. In this study, we aimed to determine sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness, and sleep hygiene, and their association with anxiety, and their correlation in preclinical medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and Methods: We included 101 medical students, aged between 17–20 years of both sex from a tertiary care medical institute. Standard questionnaires were used to assess sleep quality, sleep hygiene, daytime sleepiness, and anxiety among medical students.Results: Fifty-one percent of the medical students had good sleep quality, but 35% had borderline poor sleep quality, and 13% had poor sleep quality during the lockdown. Six percent of medical students had alarmingly high daytime sleepiness. The total Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale (ASHS) score was grouped into poor sleep hygiene (ASHS score ≤ 3.8) and good sleep hygiene (ASHS score ≥ 4.9). Overall, sleep hygiene of medical students was poor due to behavioral arousal and bedtime routine factors, and the scores for anxiety and sleep hygiene were significantly negatively correlated, whereas daytime sleepiness showed a significant positive correlation.Conclusion: Our study revealed a high prevalence of poor sleep quality among medical students during the lockdown. Poor sleep hygiene is an eye-opener for the mostly ignored aspect of altered sleep patterns.     

COVID-19 in children ranging from asymptomatic to a multi-system inflammatory disease: A single-center study

Objectives:To identify clinical and laboratory characteristics of the Saudi children with confirmed COVID-19.Methods:Eighty-eight children (0-14 years) with COVID-19 who were admitted to Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from April to June 2020 were recruited.Results:Mean age was 5.74 ± 4.7 years with 41 (49.4%) males and 42 (50.6%) females. The length of hospital stay (LOS) ranged from 1 to 17 days. The main source of infection was infected family members. Mean values of C-reactive protein (CRP), serum ferritin, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were noticeably above normal. Degree of severity and length of stay was significantly correlated with lymphopenia (r= -0.36; p=0.001), whereas it was positively correlated with absolute neutrophil count and with high inflammatory markers, such as CRP, LDH, and others.Conclusions:Identifying the clinical and laboratory characteristics of the Saudi children with confirmed COVID-19 will improve understanding of this disease’s presentation and will help put rapid and proper management strategies into place to face this pandemic. A high index of suspicion is needed for cases presenting with multi-system inflammatory disease, which represented 5.7% of the included study population.     

基于两样本孟德尔随机化的肺功能与新型冠状病毒肺炎病死风险的因果关系

目的 采用两样本孟德尔随机化方法探索肺功能与新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)病死风险之间的因果关联.方法 对基于全基因关联研究(GWAS)的汇总数据进行二次数据分析.利用大样本GWAS汇总数据,选择与肺功能密切关联的遗传位点作为工具变量,分别用逆方差加权法、MR-Egger回归和加权中位数法做两样本孟德尔随机化分析...