去甲氨噻肟头孢菌素(Ceftizoxime)

化学名:(6R,7R)-7-[(Z)-2-(2-氨基-4-噻唑基)-2-甲氧亚氨乙酰氨基]8-氧-5-硫-1-氮杂二环[4,2,0]辛-2-烯-2-羧酸钠,Ceftizoxime曾译3-去甲酰氧甲基氨噻肟头孢菌素。化学式:C_(13)H_(12)N_5NaO_5S_2 分子量:405.38 结构式:     

Cefmenoxime.HCl

异名 Sce-1365,Bestcall,A-50912化学名 7β-[2-(2-氨基噻唑-4-基)-(Z)-2-甲氧基亚氨基乙酰胺基]-3-[(1-甲基-1H-四唑-5-基)硫甲基]头孢-3-烯-4-羧酸盐酸盐(?)     

广谱抗生素 头孢特仑(Cefteram Pivoxil)

异名 Tomiron 化学名三甲基乙酰甲氧基(+)-(6R,7R)-7-[(Z)-2-(2-氨基-4-噻唑基)-2-甲氧亚胺乙酰胺基]-3-[5-甲基-2H-四唑-2-撑)甲基]-8-氧-5-噻-1-氮杂二环[4,2,0]辛-2-烯-2-羧酸酯药效分类广谱抗生素开发单位 (日)富山化学工业公司上市厂商 (日)富山化学工业公司,1987年5月药理本品本身几乎没有抗菌活性,在肠道经酯酶代谢后生成活性代谢物而产生抗菌活性。以往的口服头孢菌素口服后其敏感性均较低,而Cefteram对柠檬酸菌属,沙雷     

T-2588第一期临床试验

T-2588系日本富山化工株式会社研制的新产品,其化学名为:特戊酰甲基(+)-(6R、7R)-7-〔(Z)-2-(2-氨基-4-噻唑基)-2-甲氧亚氨乙酰氨基〕-3-〔(5-甲基-2H-四唑-2-基)甲基〕-8-氧-5-硫-1-氮杂二环〔4、2、0)辛-2-烯-2-羧酸酯,结构见图1     

头孢唑肟丙匹酯的合成

（6R，7R）-7-氨基-8-氧代-5-硫-1-氮杂二环[4．2．0]辛-2-烯-2-羧酸与（Z）-2-[[[（S）-2-（叔丁氧羰基）氨基-1-氧代丙基]氨基]-4-噻唑基]-2-甲氧亚氨基乙酸（2-巯基苯并噻唑）酯反应制得（6R，7R）-7-[[[2（S）-[（N-叔丁氧羰基-2-氨基-1-氧代丙基）-氨基]-4-噻唑基][（Z）-甲氧基亚氨基]乙酰基]氨基-8-氧代-5-硫-1-氮杂二环[4．2．0]辛-2-烯-2-羧酸，与特戊酸碘甲酯成酯后，再脱保护、成盐制得头孢唑肟丙匹酯单盐酸盐，总收率为72％。     

头孢匹罗的体外抗菌活性

头孢匹罗系1_{[(6R,7R)-7-[2-(2-氨基-4-噻唑基)-2-顺-O-甲肟基乙酰胺基]-2-羧基-8-氧基-5-硫杂-1-氮杂二环[4,2,0]辛-2-烯-3-基]-甲基}-6,7-二氢-5H-1-吡啶(钅翁)氢氧化物内盐,分子式为C_(22)H_(22)N_6O_5S_2·H_2SO)4,分子量为612.7.头孢匹罗是—两性离子(一个分子上带有一个正电荷和一个负电荷).头孢核带有负电荷,四价铵离子带正电荷(图1).     

药品行政保护品种介绍——抗感染药物(二)(续一)

头孢米诺钠通用名:头孢米诺(cefminox),化学名:(+)-(6R,7S)-7-[(S)-2-(2-氨基-2-羧酸乙硫基)乙酰胺基]-7-甲氧基-3-[[(1-甲基-1H-四唑-5-基)硫甲基]-8-氧代-5-硫杂-1-氮杂二环[4,2,0]辛-2-烯-2-羧酸钠七水合物,结构式见图1.     

应激性肠综合征治疗药 替加色罗

1 商品名 Zelmac,Zelnorm 2 化学名 2-((5-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-3-基)亚甲基)-N-戊基-联氨羰亚氨基(Z)-2-丁烯二脂 3 开发与上市厂商 Norvartis(瑞士)公司开发,2000年2月向欧洲和美国提出申请.     

普鲁卡因青霉素特定杂质的合成制备

目的 合成制备普鲁卡因青霉素的特定杂质2-(2-((4-((2-(二乙基氨基)乙氧基)羰基)苯基)氨基)-2-氧代-1-(2-苯基乙酰氨基)乙基)-5,5-二甲基噻唑烷-4-羧酸,该杂质为首次报道。方法 以青霉素G钾盐和盐酸普鲁卡因为原料,酸性条件下合成得到含有目标杂质的粗品,之后将该粗品固体通过反相制备色谱分离、冻干12h,得到该杂质的纯化样品。结果 得到纯化样品结构信息(质谱、核磁共振数据)与目标杂质相一致, 总收率2.5%,LC-MS纯度89.36%,HPLC纯度80.44%。结论 所得纯化样品为目标杂质2-(2-((4-((2-(二乙基氨基)乙氧基)羰基)苯基)氨基)-2-氧代-1-(2-苯基乙酰氨基)乙基)-5,5-二甲基噻唑烷-4-羧酸,可用于普鲁卡因青霉素产品的质量研究。     

美爱克

[通用名称 ]　cefditorenpivoxil ,头孢妥仑匹酯[化学名称 ]　 ( - ) ( 6R ,7R) 2 ,2 二甲基丙酰氧甲基 7 [(Z) 2 ( 2 氨基 4 噻唑基 ) 2 甲氧基亚氨乙酰氨基 ] 3 [(Z) 2 ( 4 甲基 5 噻唑基 )乙烯基 ] 8 氧代 5 硫杂 1 氮杂二环 [4 ,2 ,0 ]辛 2 烯 2 羧酸酯[理化性状 ]　本品为黄色粉末 ,熔点 12 7～12 9℃ ,[α]2 0D 为 - 4 8.5 (c =0 .5 ,甲醇 ) ,能与盐酸以任意比例混合 ,极易溶于乙醇 ,在水中溶解。[药理作用 ]　本品是第四代头孢菌素类抗菌药物。吸收时 ,在肠管壁代谢成头孢妥仑而发挥抗…     

Structural identification and characterization of impurities in ceftizoxime sodium

Ceftizoxime sodium is a parenteral beta-lactamic antibacterial drug. In the synthesis of ceftizoxime sodium, eight process related impurities were detected in HPLC analysis. Pure impurities obtained by both synthesis and preparative HPLC were co-injected with ceftizoxime sample to confirm the retention times in HPLC. The impurities were characterized as, (6R,7R)-7-amino-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (impurity I); (6R,7R)-7-[(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido]-3-cephem-1-oxo-4-carboxylic acid (impurity II); (4RS,6R,7R)-7-[(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(methoxyimino) acetamido]-3,4-dihydro-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (impurity III); (6R,7R)-7-[(E)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (impurity IV); (6R,7R)-7-[(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido]-3-cephem-N-(3-cephem-4-carboxy-7-yl)-4-carboxamide (impurity V); (6R,7R)-7-[(Z)-2-[[(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino]thiazol-4-yl]-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (impurity VI); 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (impurity VII) and 2-mercapto benzothiazolyl [(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-methoxyimino] acetate (impurity VIII). Structural elucidation of all impurities by spectral data ((1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, MS and IR) has been discussed.     

Isolation, structural elucidation and characterization of impurities in Cefdinir

Three unknown impurities in Cefdinir bulk drug at levels below 0.2% (ranging from 0.05 to 0.2%) have been detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). These impurities were isolated from crude sample of Cefdinir using preparative HPLC. Based on the spectral data (NMR, IR and MS) the structures of these impurities were characterized as (6R, 7R)-7-[(z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-hydroxyiminoacetamido]-8-oxo-3-vinyl-5-thia-1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid-5-oxide (I). (6R, 7R)-7-[(z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-hydroxyiminoacetamido]-8-oxo-3-vinyl-5-thia-1-azabi-cyclo [4.2.0] oct-3-ene-2-carboxylic acid (II). (6R, 7R)-7-[(z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-hydroxyiminoacetamido]-8-oxo-3-methyl-5-thia-1-azabicyclo-[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid (III), respectively. The origin and structural elucidation of all impurities have been discussed.     

医药中间体7-ATCA的合成工艺研究

目的 优化头孢母核(6R,7R)-7-氨基-3-[[(1-甲基-1-H-四氮唑-5-基)硫代]甲基]-8-氧代-5-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[4,2,0]辛-2-烯-2-羧酸盐酸盐(7-ATCA·HCl)的合成工艺.方法 对三氟化硼络合物催化合成头孢母核7-ATCA·HCl的工艺进行了探索,在现有文献基础上,采用三氟化硼碳酸二甲酯络合物替代传统的三氟化硼乙腈络合物或三氟化硼乙醚络合物催化7-ACA和1-甲基-5-巯基四氮唑合成头孢母核7-ATCA-HCl.结果 确定了三氟化硼碳酸二甲酯与7-ACA合适的摩尔比,产品收率>124%,含量>99%.结论 该方法制备的7-ATCA·HCl收率高、质量好,易于实现工业化.     

The comparative stability of different types of penicillin and cephalosporin N-pyrryl derivatives

The kinetics of the decomposition of potassium salts of 4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0.]heptane-3,3-dimethyl-6-amino-7-oxo-N- [2(1H-pyrrolyl)acetyl] -2-carboxylic acid (6R, trans), 4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-3,3-dimethyl-6-amino-7-oxo-N-[2-phenyl - 2(1H-pyrrolyl)acetyl]-2-carboxylic acid (6R, trans), 5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0.]oct-2-ene-3- [(acetyloxy)methyl]-7-amino-8-oxo-N-[2(1H-pyrrolyl)acetyl]-2-ca rbo xylic acid (6R, trans), 5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0.]oct-2-ene-3- [(acetyloxy)methyl]-7-amino-8-oxo-N-[2-phenyl-2(1H-pyrrolyl)acetyl ]- 2-carboxylic acid (6R, trans), 5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0.]oct-2-ene-7-amino-3-methyl-8-oxo-N- [2(1H-pyrrolyl)-acetyl]-2-carboxylic acid (6R, trans) and 5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0.]oct-2-ene-7-amino-3-methyl-8-oxo- N-[2-phenyl-2(1H-pyrrolyl)acetyl]-2-carboxylic acid (6R, trans), in aqueous solution at 37 degrees C and at ionic strength of 0.5 mol.l-1 have been studied over the 2.3-11.5 pH range. In all cases, the hydrolysis of these compounds is subject to acid-base catalysis and, in some instances, to a general catalysis by various species present in the buffer solutions. The experimental results have been analyzed and discussed in relation to the hydrolytic mechanisms.     

Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7 beta-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]cephalosporin derivatives. V. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 7 beta-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-cephalosporin derivates and related compounds

In order to improve the antibacterial activity of 7 beta-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]-cephalosporins new derivatives having a methoxyimino moiety in the 7-acyl side chain and related compounds were synthesized. Of these, 7 beta-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-(Z)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-cephalosporins were found to possess excellent activity against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including beta-lactamase-producing strains. An extensive study of structure-activity relationships led to the selection of 7 beta-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-(Z)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl) thiomethyl]-ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid, SCE-1365, for further biological and clinical evaluation.     

H+ coupled transport of orally active cephalosporins lacking an alpha-amino group across brush-border membrane vesicles from rat small intestine.

The effect of an inwardly directed H+ gradient' on the transport characteristics of ceftibuten, cefixime and analogues of ceftibuten in rat intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles have been investigated. In the presence of a transmembrane H+ gradient, ceftibuten and its analogues exhibited a peak to equilibrium overshoot and an accumulation in the vesicles against the concentration gradient. However, the uptake of cefixime and S-1006 [(6R, 7R)-(7-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-pentenoylamino]-8-oxo- 3- carbamoyloxy-methyl-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4,2,0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxyl ic acid), which lacks a carboxyl group at position 4 of carboxyethylidene structure, exhibited no overshoot, although the equilibrium uptake was increased by a H+ gradient. The equilibrium uptake was dependent on the pH of the final incubation medium and the H+ gradient. These data suggested that the orally active cephalosporins were transported into rat intestinal brush-border membrane by the transmembrane H+ gradient and the pH of the medium.     

头孢克肟及其关键中间体7-AVCA的合成工艺改进

目的 研究头孢克肟及其关键中间体7-AVCA的合成工艺,以酶解法替代传统化学裂解法.方法 经工艺考察及改进,最终确定以GCLE为起始原料,经关键中间体7-AVCA制备头孢克肟适合于生产的工艺.结果 所制得的头孢克肟质量好,总收率为64%.其中采用的酶解法工艺不仅解决了环保治理的瓶颈问题,同时改进工艺获得的中间体7-AVCA的质最明显优于其他方法,优质的7-AVCA从源头上起到提高下游原料药头孢克肟产品的含量及稳定性,降低杂质的作用.头孢克肟的结构经1H-NMR、IR和UV分析确证,色谱纯度经HPLC检测大于99%.结论 本文工艺与文献相比,操作简化,收率提高,产品质量优异,节能环保,适合于产业化.     

头孢硫脒新杂质的制备及结构解析

目的 对头孢硫脒的氧化杂质和双键转移杂质进行制备和结构分析。方法 用适当的反应方法处理原料，目标杂质用HPLC定位，经分离纯化得到两个杂质的纯品，通过多级质谱和核磁共振确认其结构。结果 对制备得到的两个杂质的结构做了解析，双键转移杂质为6R,7R-3-[(乙酰氧基)甲基)]-7-[α-N,N'-二异丙基脒硫基)乙酰氨基]-8-氧代-5-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[4.2.0]辛-3-烯-2-甲酸内铵盐，氧化杂质为6R,7R-3-[(乙酰氧基)甲基)]-7-[α-(N,N›-二异丙基脒硫基)乙酰氨基]-8-氧代-5-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[4.2.0]辛-2-烯-2-甲酸内铵盐-5-氧化物，并推测出其降解路线。结论 本研究对头孢硫脒原料及其制剂的杂质分析和质量控制有重要参考价值。     

Intracerebroventricular injection of the antibiotic cefoselis produces convulsion in mice via inhibition of GABA receptors

A majority of beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g., cephalosporins and penicillins) have convulsive activity to a greater or lesser extent. (6R,7R)-3-[[3-Amino-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2H-pyrazol-1-ium-1-yl]methyl]-7-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetylamino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate monosulfate (cefoselis), a newly developed injectable beta-lactam antibiotic with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), might induce convulsions if cerebral concentrations become highly elevated. In the present study, we examined whether or not cefoselis had convulsive activity after direct brain administration, and we attempted to clarify the pharmacological mechanism of action. When cefoselis was injected into the lateral ventricle of the mouse brain at doses higher than 20 microg/animal, it produced convulsions dose-dependently. Cefoselis (50 microg/animal)-induced convulsions were prevented by pretreatment with 5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine (MK-801), diazepam and phenobarbital (ED(50) values (mg/kg) of 0.78, 1.59 and 33.0, respectively), but not by carbamazepine or phenytoin. When the effects of these anticonvulsants on the convulsions induced by intracerebral injection of bicuculline methiodide (BMI) or N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) were investigated, the inhibitory profile of anticonvulsants on cefoselis-induced convulsions was similar to those induced by BMI (125 ng/animal) but differed markedly in their inhibitory activity on NMDA (100 ng/animal)-induced convulsions, which were not inhibited by diazepam. These results suggest that cefoselis may be convulsive at higher concentrations through a mechanism involving inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)(A) receptors.     

Pseudopolymorphism and phase stability in four solid forms of (6R,7R)-7-[2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-(Z)-2-methoxy- iminoacetamid]-3- [(4-carbamoyl-1-quinuclidinio)methyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo - [4,2,0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate (E1040)

(6R,7R)-7-[2-(5-Amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-(Z)-2-methoxy- iminoacetamid]-3- [(4-carbamoyl-1-quinuclidinio)methyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo [4,2,0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate (1; E1040) was isolated as alpha-(decahydrate), beta-(pentahydrate), and gamma-form (anhydrate) crystals and the X-ray amorphous form. The relationship between the pseudopolymorphic crystal forms of this compound and water content was studied by X-ray diffractometry, coulometric moisture analysis, thermal analysis, and hygroscopic and vacuum-freeze-drying experiments. The phase transition of crystalline 1 clearly indicated the effect of water content on dehydration. During dehydration, hydrated alpha-form (decahydrate) crystals and beta-form (pentahydrate) crystals became anhydrate gamma-form crystals, with the diffraction angle shifting toward shorter spacing accompanied by line broadening. These results indicate conversion of hydrate 1 crystals to the anhydrous form and contraction of the crystal lattice. It was estimated that the decahydrate (alpha-form) crystals contain 8 mol/mol crystal water and 2 mol/mol adhesion water, and that the pentahydrate (beta-form) crystals contain 4 mol/mol crystal water and 1 mol/mol adhesion water. These estimates were made by comparing the data from equilibrium hydration experiments and vacuum-freeze-drying experiments. It thus follows that gamma-form crystals are anhydrate and the X-ray amorphous form exists in either the hydrous or anhydrous form.