2014台湾美女 揭秘好身材修炼术

正2014年台湾百大性感美女排行榜新鲜出炉!DREAMGIRLS成员郭雪芙以爆棚的人气蝉联冠军,紧随其后的还有张钧甯、张景岚、谢金燕等等。看着这些女明星个个身材这么好,女孩们都很羡慕吧!想要变得更性感吗?那就赶紧跟百大美女们偷学几个瘦身妙招吧。郭雪芙身高:167cm体重:47kg郭雪芙的瘦身关键词:饮食近几年真的是郭雪芙的事业黄金期,作为DREAM GIRLS的她不仅出了团体专辑,荧屏上也是不断出佳作,人气可见一斑。今年,她又与Super Junior的金希澈     

新年寄语

流光溢彩,又是一年。《中国实用妇科与产科杂志》在全国妇产科同道的支持下,编辑部全体工作人员通力合作,顺利地完成了2007年度的编辑出版任务。值此辞旧迎新之际,向所有支持和关爱本刊发展的专家和朋友们致以新年最诚擎的问候!随着医学信息学的飞速发展,期刊作为传播载体,起着举足轻重的作用,同时也使广大编委和编辑同志深感肩负责任之重大。回顾既往,从《中国实用妇科与产科杂志》诞生至今,创刊24年,凝聚了我国妇产科几代人的心血,承蒙广大妇产科同仁诚擎的厚爱与大力文持,在各位妇产科学专家及老前辈的真诚帮助与热心指导下,通过不断汲取…     

《中国实用妇科与产科杂志》2011年各期中心内容

尊敬的妇产科同仁们:经过广泛征求本刊编委和读者的意见,2011年1~12期各期中心内容选题已经确定。欢迎大家踊跃撰文,并登录本刊网站投稿(www.zgsyz.com)。     

胎儿畸形的宫内治疗及其进展

围产医学的兴起和胎儿医学的诞生是人类在探索自然的同时也在不断探索人类自己的成果体现。对通过超声检查、羊水检测等方法产前诊断的某些胎儿畸形进行外科性干预和矫治,从而防止畸形的进一步发展、避免其对器官的发育和功能造成更大影响(甚至威胁胎儿生命),是胎儿外科的主要工作内容。胎儿外科是当今世界医学的前沿和最活跃的研究、诊疗领域之一。产前诊断畸形后终止妊娠或生后手术治疗的传统医学模式受到了严重挑战。1历史回顾胎儿外科始于上世纪60年代初,但由于当时诊疗条件(影像、麻醉、器械等)的限制,只限于初步尝试。1960年Liley[1]…     

绝经后宫腔积脓的诊断和治疗

子宫积脓常发生于绝经后妇女.因为绝经后卵巢功能衰退,体内雌、孕激素水平低下,阴道上皮细胞糖原含量减少,阴道pH值上升,使阴道自净作用减弱,失去防御能力.宫颈纤维组织增生,腺体数目减少,宫颈管缺乏黏液栓保护,易发生上行性感染.颈管狭窄、粘连,官腔分泌物无法排出,易致官腔积血或积脓;萎缩的子宫内膜血运减少,缺乏再生和修复能力,又无周期性脱落,为细菌滞留生存提供了良好的条件.当官腔内长期放置节育器或合并有糖尿病、子宫内膜结核、子宫内膜癌、子宫颈癌等,则更易发生官腔积液、积脓….据报道,绝经后妇女宫腔积液的发生率为11.83%,官腔积脓的发生率约为0.5%.但随着年龄的增大和绝经时间的延长,发生率将逐渐增高.     

74例经产妇分娩巨大儿的相关因素及预后分析

目的:探讨经产妇分娩巨大儿相关因素与预后的关系.方法:回顾分析2004年1月至2006年12月分娩的74例非妊娠期糖尿病,无严重内外科合并症的经产妇巨大儿资料,与随机选择的同期分娩的无合并症经产妇正常体重儿作对照分析,并与同期分娩的初产妇巨大儿比较.结果:经产妇巨大儿组平均孕龄、孕末期体重、宫高、腹围、产时及产后2小时出血量、异常产程、剖宫产率、新生儿窒息率都高于经产妇正常体重儿组,差异有显著性(P＜0.05);与初产妇巨大儿组比较,正规产检比例明显降低,过期妊娠、新生儿窒息率增加,择期剖宫产率低.结论:加强经产妇围生期管理,产前正确预测经产妇巨大儿,选择适当的分娩方式,对预防产后出血,降低母婴并发症至关重要.     

胎儿结构异常的中孕期超声筛查

1中孕期超声筛查的目的中孕期超声筛查的目的包括:检出多胞胎,确定绒毛膜和羊膜的数目。通过胎儿生物参数[双顶径(BPD)、头围(HC)、股骨长度(FL)、腹围(AC)等]的测量准确地确定孕周;检查宫颈和胎盘位置;检查子宫及附件有无异常(排除子宫肌瘤和卵巢肿瘤)等。但主要目的还是胎儿严重先天畸形的筛查[1-2]。虽然很多研究表明妊娠早期可以诊断相当多数量的胎儿畸形,但有限数目的随机对照研究显示中孕期的超声筛查仍然是不可取代的[3-4]。20世纪80年代以来,中孕期(18~23周)胎儿畸形的超声诊断已经成为欧美国家的常规[5-7]。中孕期的常规超声检…     

淄博市汉族女性亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶和甲硫氨酸合成酶还原酶基因多态性分布研究

目的:分析淄博市汉族女性亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)C677T、A1298C及甲硫氨酸合成酶还原酶(MTRR)A66G基因多态性的分布特征。方法:采用横断面调查研究方法,以淄博市1041例汉族女性为研究对象,采集口腔黏膜上皮细胞,提取基因组DNA,采用Taqman-MGB技术检测MTHFR和MTRR基因多态性。统计分析基因多态性的分布特征,并与已报道的其他地区数据进行比较。结果:淄博市汉族女性的MTHFR 677TT纯合突变基因型频率为43.6%,显著高于郑州、德阳、海南地区(P<0.01);MTHFR 1298CC纯合突变基因型频率为1.4%,显著低于德阳和海南地区(P<0.01)。MTRR 66GG纯合突变基因型频率为4.8%,显著低于海南地区(P<0.01)。结论:淄博市汉族女性有不同于其他地区的MTHFR和MTRR基因多态性分布特征。     

Polymorphisms in folate-related enzyme genes in idiopathic infertile Brazilian men

The aim of the study was to analyze the distribution of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), methionine synthase reductase (MTRR), and methionine synthase (MTR) polymorphisms in idiopathic infertile Brazilian men and fertile men. Case-control study comprising 133 idiopathic infertile Brazilian men with nonobstructive azoospermia ([NOA] n = 55) or severe oligozoospermia ([SO] n = 78) and 173 fertile men as controls. MTHFR C677T, A1298C, and G1793A; MTRR A66G; and MTR A2756G polymorphisms were studied by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results were analyzed statistically and a P value <.05 was considered significant. Single-marker analysis revealed a significant association among MTHFR C677T polymorphism and both NOA group (P = .018) and SO group (P < .001). Considering the MTHFR A1298C, MTHFR G1793A, and MTRR A66G polymorphisms, no difference was found between NOA group and SO group. Regarding the MTR A2756G polymorphism, a significant difference was found between NOA and controls, P = .017. However, statistical analysis revealed no association between SO group and controls. Combined genotypes of 3 MTHFR polymorphisms did not identify a haplotype associated with idiopathic infertility. The combinatory analysis of the 3 polymorphisms MTHFR, MTRR, and MTR did not show difference between cases and controls. The findings suggest the MTHFR C677T and MTR A2756G polymorphisms could be an important genetic factor predisposing to idiopathic infertility in Brazilian men.     

Genetic polymorphisms in folate metabolism as risk for Down syndrome in the southern China

Objective: To assess the association between maternal gene polymorphisms of the enzymes involved in folate metabolism and the risk of having a Down syndrome (DS) offspring in southern China mothers.

Methods: Gene polymorphisms in folate metabolizing and the levels of homocysteine (HCY) were analyzed in 84 southern China mothers with DS babies (the case group) and 120 healthy mothers (the control group). Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T (rs1801133) and A1298C (rs1801131), methionine synthase (MTR) A2756G (rs1805087), and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) A66G (rs1801394) were studied.

Results: We found no significant differences (p?>?.05) in the frequencies of four genetic polymorphisms between the two groups. We found gene–gene interactions had a 1.997-fold increased risk in MTHFR 677 CT with MTR AA (OR: 1.997, 95% CI: 1.038–3.841, p?=?.038) and a 2.588-fold increased risk in MTHFR 677 CT with MTRR AG (OR: 2.588, 95% CI: 1.111–6.031, p?=?.028) in the case group than control. The levels of HCY were significantly higher in MTHFR 677 TT than MTHFR 677?CC in the case group (TT 17.2167±5.1051, CC 12.1969±5.0299, F?=?2.194, p?F?=?2.546, p?Conclusion: These results suggest that genetic polymorphisms involved in folate metabolism may have population specificity in determining the susceptibility of having DS offsprings. The gene-nutrition, gene–gene interactions and ethnicity are important variables to be considered in periconceptional nutritional supplementation and antenatal care for reducing the risk of DS babies.     

反复妊娠丢失患者的亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶的多态性

目的检测反复妊娠丢失(recurrent pregnancy loss,RPL)妇女亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase,MTHFR)的多态性。方法选择不明原因的反复妊娠丢失二次以上的妇女71例,正常对照93例,无妊娠丢失及血栓病史,除外口服避孕药妇女。MALDI-TOF质谱检测技术检测MTHFR的多态性C677T、A1298C、T1317C和G1793A。结果RPL妇女MTHFR C677T、G1793A的杂合子和纯合子的突变率均明显高于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。MTHFR的A1298C在RPL组和正常对照组无明显差别。T1317C在两组中均未发现。RPL组连锁基因频率677CT/1793GA明显高于正常对照组(RR=4.92)。结论RPL与MTHFR多态性密切相关,MTHFR C677T、G1793A突变是RPL的危险因素。其连锁基因突变可使妊娠丢失的发生率增加4.92倍。     

KDR gene polymorphisms and idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortion

Objective: Process of angiogenesis is essential for successful gestation. Disruption in this pathway leads to various undesirable consequences in pregnancy such as recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). One of the most important genes involved in angiogenesis is kinase-insert domain-containing receptor (KDR). This study aimed to investigate the associations between two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KDR gene, 1719A?>?T and 1192G?>?A, with idiopathic RSA in south-east Iran.

Methods: A total of 230 women, including 110 women with a history of at least two consecutive spontaneous miscarriages and 120 healthy women were recruited in this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of participants using the Salting out method. The KDR 1719A?>?T and 1192G?>?A polymorphisms were genotyped by the standard amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) technique.

Results: For the case group, frequencies of 2.73%, 30% and 67.27% were observed for AA, AT and TT genotypes in1719A?>?T SNP, respectively, and the genotype frequencies for controls were equal to AA?=?3.33%, AT?=?32.5% and TT?=?64.17%. Distribution of genotypes in 1192G?>?A SNP in the case group was 79.1%, 19.1% and 1.8% for GG, AG and AA, respectively, whereas the corresponding values for the controls were GG = 80%, AG = 20% and AA = 0. No significant difference was found between the case and control groups based on the frequency of KDR gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility to RSA.

Conclusions: There is no association between these two SNPs of KDR gene and the susceptibility to RSA in women from south-east Iran.     

The effect of single nucleotide genetic polymorphisms of folic acid cycle on the female reproductive system disorders

Abstract

Currently the significant part of reproductive disorders such as refractory pregnancy loss (RPL), infertility, unsuccessful in vitro fertilization (IVF) are thought to be connected with different genetic factors. One of the main hereditary risk factors for obstetrical pathology development is the presence of polymorph alleles in several genes of folic acid cycle. The present study is dedicated to investigation of the effect of folic acid cycle polymorph variants MTHFR C677?T, MTR A2756G and MTRR A66G on the RPL development and unsuccessful IVF. The samples of peripheral blood of 138 women were tested and showed a statistically significant increase of pathologic genetic alleles of MTRR A66G and MTHFR C677T frequency in two groups of patients with reproductive disorders, i.e. RPL and IVF, versus the control group. Also the advantage of simultaneous analysis of three folic cycle genetic polymorphisms at once in women with reproductive function disorder was demonstrated in comparison with the analysis of isolated polymorphism MTHFR C677T. The combination of polymorph alleles has a significant influence on the pathology development and by many times increases the risk of RPL development and unsuccessful IVF.     

原因不明复发性流产患者细胞毒性T淋巴细胞抗原4基因第一外显子49位点A/G基因多态性研究

目的探讨细胞毒性T淋巴细胞抗原4（CTLA-4）基因第一外显子49位点A／G基因多态性与原因不明复发性流产（URSA）发病的相关性。方法采用PCR限制性片断长度多态性方法（PCR-RFLP）,检测168例URSA患者（URSA组）和117例有正常生育史的妇女（对照组）CTLA-4基因第一外显子49位点A／G多态性,并比较等位基因G／A、基因型AA／AG／GG、表型A＋（AA＋AG）／G＋（GG＋AG）分布频率的差异。结果URSA组等位基因G的出现频率为68．4％（230／336）,对照组为59．4％（139／234）,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;基因型GG的出现频率URSA组为48．8％（82／168）,对照组为33．3％（39／117）,两组比较,差异也有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;URSA组基因型AG、基因表型A＋（AA＋AG）的频率分别为39．3％（66／168）、51．2％（86／168）,对照组分别为52．1％（61／117）、66．7％（78／117）,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论CTLA-4基因第一外显子49位点A／G多态性与URSA的发生存在相关性,并可能参与流产发生的免疫病理过程。     

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因C677T单核苷酸多态性与卵巢癌易感性的关系

目的:研究亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因第4外显子677位点单核苷酸多态性与卵巢癌易感性的关系。方法:采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法,检测81例卵巢癌患者和80例正常对照者的亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因C677T位点突变。结果:卵巢癌组和对照组中MTHFR基因677等位基因位点C和T的分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中等位基因T使卵巢癌发病风险增加1.93倍。MTHFR基因677C/T各基因型分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),纯合突变(T/T)基因型、杂合突变(C/T)基因型与野生(C/C)基因型相比,患卵巢癌的危险度分别提高了3.48倍和2.15倍。结论:MTHFR基因677位点等位基因突变与卵巢癌发生有一定关系,突变基因型增加了卵巢癌的发病风险。     

Prevalent genotypes of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) in recurrent miscarriage and recurrent implantation failure

Objective

To evaluate the association of two common methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms with recurrent miscarriage (RM) and repeated implantation failure (RIF)

Methods

The study comprised of 521 patients, with a history of RM (n?=?370) or RIF (n?=?151). One hundred forty-four women with fallopian tube blockages who had successfully conceived after the first in vitro fertilization embryo transfer treatment served as the control group. The MTHFR alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes were assessed in different groups.

Results

There was no difference in allele frequency and distribution of MTHFR polymorphisms between case and control patients. The 1298AA genotype was represented in a higher frequency, and 1298AC genotype was significantly lower in subfertile group when compared to the control group. A significant relationship was found between the 1298AC genotype and the RIF subgroup. The haplotype 677CC/1298AA was overrepresented in the RM subgroup (>?2 times) and haplotype 677CC/1298AC was underrepresented in the RIF subgroup (P?<?0.05). Nevertheless, these two haplotypes were not connected to fertilization and embryo cleavage rates.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that the MTHFR gene polymorphism might play a role in the etiology of patients with RM or RIF. No adverse effects of different MTHFR haplotypes on embryo development were detected. Further studies on the biological role are needed to better understand the susceptibility to pregnancy complications.