个体化术式选择治疗儿童梨状窝瘘的效果分析

目的:探讨个体化术式选择治疗儿童梨状窝瘘的效果。方法:选取2015年6月至2019年11月河南省人民医院小儿外科收治的43例梨状窝瘘患儿,左侧41例,右侧2例;炎症控制期27例,急性炎症期16例;根据个体病情选择低温等离子射频消融、梨状窝瘘切除、颈部脓肿切开引流等术式或联合术式,观察术后并发症及复发情况。结果:43例梨...     

新生儿梨状窝瘘的诊治特点

目的 阐述新生儿梨状窝瘘这一少见疾病的诊治特点.方法 收集我院2001年7月至2010年1月收治的9例新生儿梨状窝瘘病例,分析其发病年龄、临床表现、辅助检查及临床治疗经过,总结其诊治特点和预后.结果 9例梨状窝瘘均为左侧.均以颈部囊性肿块就诊.8例为新生儿时期出现症状,1例为产前发现.5例颈部增强CT提示肿块中含有气体.新生儿时期手术治疗7例.随访时间6个月至9年,患儿临床均无反复感染或复发迹象.结论 新生儿的梨状窝瘘临床表现不同于儿童,常因颈部无痛性、囊性肿块就诊,缺少反复脓肿切开引流史.超声或CT检查中常可发现囊肿中含有气体影.新生儿早期手术瘘管结扎率高,部分需要胃镜辅助.治疗安全性可靠,术后复发率低且预后良好.     

新生儿梨状窝瘘的诊治特点

目的 阐述新生儿梨状窝瘘这一少见疾病的诊治特点.方法 收集我院2001年7月至2010年1月收治的9例新生儿梨状窝瘘病例,分析其发病年龄、临床表现、辅助检查及临床治疗经过,总结其诊治特点和预后.结果 9例梨状窝瘘均为左侧.均以颈部囊性肿块就诊.8例为新生儿时期出现症状,1例为产前发现.5例颈部增强CT提示肿块中含有气体.新生儿时期手术治疗7例.随访时间6个月至9年,患儿临床均无反复感染或复发迹象.结论 新生儿的梨状窝瘘临床表现不同于儿童,常因颈部无痛性、囊性肿块就诊,缺少反复脓肿切开引流史.超声或CT检查中常可发现囊肿中含有气体影.新生儿早期手术瘘管结扎率高,部分需要胃镜辅助.治疗安全性可靠,术后复发率低且预后良好.     

儿童颈部梨状窝瘘诊治进展

梨状窝瘘多以小儿反复发作的单侧（左侧为主）颈部炎性脓肿或急性化脓性甲状腺炎等症状就诊,以往在治疗上多为反复颈部脓肿切开引流及联合多种抗生素对症缓解症状或是开放性常规分离瘘管手术寻求根治,但复发率较高。该文通过总结近年梨状窝瘘相关诊断和治疗进展,旨在强调对于疑似患儿需及时行超声、CT、上消化道钡餐等检查,必要时做内镜检查,治疗上在非急性期以内镜辅助下导管置入或亚甲蓝内口注射行梨状窝瘘切除术可明显减少复发率。     

经口内镜下低温等离子微创治疗儿童先天性梨状窝瘘

目的:探讨经口内镜下低温等离子封闭内瘘口治疗儿童梨状窝瘘的手术方法及预后。方法:收集2018年1月至2020年4月河南省儿童医院收治的31例先天性梨状窝瘘患儿的临床资料。其中,男17例,女14例,年龄范围为21 d至9岁,中位年龄为3岁2个月。31例患儿均为左侧发病,16例患儿有脓肿切开引流史。术前CT检查显示脓肿内有...     

儿童梨状窝瘘41例

目的提高对儿童梨状窝瘘的认识，介绍相关诊断与治疗进展。方法报告41例梨状窝瘘病例，男16例，女25例，年龄9个月至12岁3个月；左侧40例，右侧1例；33例行颈部超声显像，20例行CT柃查，29例行甲状腺核素显像，39例行食管吞钡造影。28例手术治疗，其中20例应用胃镜辅助，并对37例进行随访，随访时间18个月至17年6个月。结果超声检查显示：32例病变侧甲状腺实质不均质占位或软组织实质不均质占位，与甲状腺关系密切；CT检查提示：病变侧颈部炎性肿块或合并甲状腺内炎性占位性病变，其中5例直接诊断为梨状窝瘘；核素显像提示：26例甲状腺左叶、特别是上极放射性稀疏，2例呈“冷结节”；食管吞钡检查显示：左侧或右侧梨状窝底部有垂直下行的细小瘘管。10例单纯切除术中8例治愈，2例复发，经胃镜辅助治愈；20例经胃镜辅助切除病例中，2例复发；13例未手术，其中9例获随访，5例自愈或未发作，4例仍反复发作。结论儿童梨状窝瘘炎症消退后食道吞钡检查可明确诊断，CT、B超及同位素检查在梨状窝瘘的诊断中也起着非常重要的作用，手术切除瘘管是主要的治疗方法，关键在于完整切除或消灭瘘管；胃镜辅助检查有助于瘘管的寻找，从而保证瘘管的完整切除，是一种简便、有效的治疗手段。     

顽固性便秘 肛门直肠畸形 骶前肿物骶骨发育不良

患儿，女，3个月，因“无肛舟状窝瘘行结肠造瘘术后发现盆腔内肿物2月余”入院。患儿出生后家长即发现其肛门位置异常且较狭窄，未治疗，后渐出现顽固性便秘、最长排便时间每周1次。2个月前因先天性肛门闭锁并直肠舟状窝瘘在当地医院行乙状结肠造瘘，术中发现盆腔内有一脂肪性肿物，未行处理。母孕期身体健康，无孕期毒物及射线接触史，患儿出生无窒息。     

儿童梨状窝瘘反复发作的原因与胃镜辅助手术

目的分析儿童梨状窝瘘反复发作的原因，介绍胃镜辅助手术方法及其优越性。方法12例患儿。男8例，女4例，年龄2．5～9岁；曾行左颈部瘘管或囊肿切除术8例，左颈部反复感染者4例；吞钡造影、B超、CT、同位素扫描等检查诊断为梨状窝瘘。12例均行胃镜辅助瘘管切除术。取此前未经胃镜辅助而直接手术的8例临床资料作对照。结果经胃镜辅助切除瘘管，平均手术时间1h 35min，术后恢复顺利，随访无复发。对照组手术时间长，2例复发。结论缺乏对梨状窝瘘胚胎发生和病理过程的了解是治疗失误的主要原因，胃镜辅助手术是一种简便、有效的治疗手段。     

小儿孤立性粒细胞肉瘤一例

患儿 男,4岁5个月。因“全身淋巴结肿大3个月”于2005年12月24日入院,患儿入院前3个月家长发现其左侧耳后淋巴结肿大呈蚕豆大小,无压痛,继而颈部、腋下、枕后及腹股沟相继出现淋巴结肿大,患儿未出现发热、咳嗽、盗汗,无鼻衄、咯血及便血等表现。入院查体：生命体征平稳,全身皮肤未见出血点、淤斑。双侧耳后、枕后、颌下、颈部、腋下及腹股沟均可扪及数个肿大淋巴结,最大约1．0cm×1．5cm,最小约0．5cm×0．5cm,质中等,边界清,稍活动,[第一段]     

肺上皮样血管内皮细胞瘤一例

患儿男,12岁,主因咳嗽2个月,加重15d入院。患儿于入院前2个月开始咳嗽,咯白色黏痰,量不多,伴乏力,无发热、咯血、喘息等伴随症状,间断应用止咳药物治疗。入院前15d咳嗽加重,自觉呼吸不顺畅,胸部X线片提示左肺大部分不张。收入院后发现,患儿有短暂低热,咳嗽为声咳,声音嘹亮、高亢,呈金属声。     

Suspicion of prenatal pyriform sinus cyst and fistula: a case report

There has been no report describing suspected prenatal pyriform sinus (PS) cyst and fistula. We report a case suspected by prenatal ultrasonography and fetal MRI. A large cystic mass was found in the left neck of the fetus. After the baby was born, preoperative laryngoscopic catheterization of the fistula tract was used to confirm the diagnosis and greatly facilitated the identification and excision of the PS cyst and fistula.     

Recurrent pseudothyroiditis and cervical abscess. The fourth branchial pouch's role. Apropos of 16 cases

Among the causes of inflammatory swelling of the neck in children, the "cysts" and ducts joining in the hypopharynx deserve being individualized. This unrecognized pathology is indeed responsible for suppurative pseudothyroiditis or cervical abscesses relapsing in spite of adequate antibiotic treatment and incision-drainage. X-ray films may help as they often show the fistula. Diagnosis relies on hypopharyngoscopy. This investigation only may assess the origin of this "internal fistula" by showing the mucous opening of the bottom of the pyriform sinus, from which sometimes springs some pus when pressing the neck. The clear left predominance of this canal and its junction between the superior and inferior laryngeal nerves suggest that its origin could be the 4th branchial pouch. Its treatment consists of complete surgical excision, which avoids relapses.     

Internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm with life-threatening epistaxis as a complication of deep neck space infection

Pseudoaneurysm of the cervical internal carotid artery is a very rare, potentially fatal complication of a neck space infection in children associated with high mortality and morbidity. A 3-year-old boy presented with spontaneous massive epistaxis 45 days after a deep neck space infection caused by a peritonsillar abscess. During nasopharyngeal packing, he evolved with cardiac arrest. Intra-arterial angiography was then performed that revealed a large pseudoaneurysm. Endovascular treatment using detachable balloons achieved complete exclusion of the pseudoaneurysm. The child made an uneventful recovery and was discharged with mild left hemiparesis and no deficit of sensory or cognitive functions. Pseudoaneurysms of the internal carotid artery after a deep neck space infection can be associated with delayed and potentially fatal massive epistaxis. Furthermore, a regional (ie, extranasal) blood vessel should be promptly investigated when there are signs of hypovolemic shock. A high level of suspicion and definitive treatment are essential for successful management of these patients.     

咽峡炎链球菌群感染患儿119例病例系列报告

目的 探讨咽峡炎链球菌群（SAG）感染患儿的临床特征。方法 回顾性收集2012年1月1日至2019年12月31日首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院细菌培养SAG阳性病例;结合其微生物学、放射学和临床资料对每一分离株进行详细评估,排除SAG阳性为污染和定植菌株。采集病例资料中的发病年龄、性别、临床表现、辅助检查、治疗、转归及预后,菌种鉴定结果及药敏试验。根据病史分为有、无基础疾病2组。基础疾病主要包括先天性心脏病、梨状窝瘘、皮毛窦、先天性食管瘘、先天性胆总管囊肿等先天畸形,免疫抑制,副鼻窦炎,脑性瘫痪,食管异物等。结果 119例感染SAG患儿年龄33 d至16岁,中位年龄4岁（5）;有基础疾病组56例（47.1%）,主要包括头颈部感染27例(48.2%),中枢神经系统感染11例（19.6%）和血流感染10例（17.9%）;头颈部感染中梨状窝瘘19/27例（70.4%）;血流感染中免疫抑制6/10例（60.0%）;中枢神经系统感染中先天性心脏病7/11例（63.6%）,以中间链球菌为主。有、无基础疾病SAG感染患儿,住院天数、热程、外周血WBC计数、中性粒细胞百分比、CRP和血沉差异均无统计学意义。104例(93.7%) SAG感染患儿形成脓肿,头颈部感染41.2%,其次为腹腔感染20.2%、中枢神经系统感染12.6%、血流感染12.6%;咽峡炎链球菌44株,星座链球菌41株,中间链球菌34株。对青霉素、氨苄西林、头孢噻肟、红霉素、克林霉素、万古霉素和利奈唑胺的敏感性分别为87.4%、93.2%、94.2%、20.2%、21.8%、100%和100%。死亡1例,2例因病情危重放弃治疗。结论 SAG感染常形成脓肿,头颈部感染最多见,有、无基础疾病的SAG感染患儿临床特征差异并不明显,中间链球菌是导致脑脓肿的主要SAG病原,SAG菌株对青霉素类抗生素敏感,对大环内酯类抗生素耐药。     

Acute suppurative thyroiditis in young children

We report two children with acute suppurative thyroiditis (AST). They presented with typical features of AST, which include fever, painful goiter and biochemical euthyroidism. An anatomical defect predisposed to thyroid infection, pyriform sinus fistula, was identified in one patient. Both patients responded well to surgical pus drainage and antibiotic treatment. Anatomical defects must be sought in all children with AST to perform specific surgical treatment and prevent recurrent infection.     

Recurrent suppurative thyroiditis due to pyriform sinus fistula: a case report

Acute suppurative thyroiditis is a rare disease, particularly in childhood. We present a case with recurrent acute suppurative thyroiditis due to a pyriform sinus fistula originating from the fourth branchial pouch. The typical symptoms of a piriform sinus fistula are recurrent left-sided pain and swelling of the neck with signs of acute bacterial inflammation. Diagnosis should be made by high resolution ultrasound, barium meal studies and endoscopic examination. During acute exacerbations treatment with antibiotics is indicated, but permanent cure can only be attained by complete fistulectomy.