冠心病患者红细胞胰岛素酶活性与胰岛素受体检测及其意义

目的为探讨冠心病患者的胰岛素抵抗（ＩＲ）与其红细胞胰岛素酶活性（ＥＩＡ）及红细胞胰岛素受体（ＥＩＲ）的关系。方法检测５４例冠心病患者及３０例健康人的ＥＩＡ、ＥＩＲ及相关指标，并计算胰岛素敏感性指数（ＩＳＩ）。结果冠心病患者的ＥＩＡ、空腹血浆胰岛素水平（ＦＩＮＳ）、血浆总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、血浆甘油三酯（ＴＧ）及低密度脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ）水平显著高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜００１），而低亲和力ＥＩＲ位点数、ＩＳＩ、血浆高密度脂蛋白胆固醇组分２（ＨＤＬ２）显著低于正常对照组（Ｐ＜００１）。伴非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病及高血压的冠心病患者与不伴这些疾病的冠心病患者相比，前者的ＥＩＡ、ＦＩＮＳ高于后者，而ＩＳＩ低于后者（Ｐ＜００１或Ｐ＜００５）。相关分析表明，冠心病患者的ＥＩＡ与ＦＩＮＳ、ＴＧ显著正相关，与低亲和力ＥＩＲ位点数及ＩＳＩ呈显著负相关，患者的低亲和力ＥＩＲ位点数与ＦＩＮＳ及ＴＧ呈负相关。结论（１）冠心病患者存在胰岛素抵抗；（２）冠心病患者的胰岛素抵抗可能与其胰岛素酶活性及胰岛素受体活性异常有关；（３）红细胞胰岛素酶活性和红细胞胰岛素受体也许可以一定程度地反映机体的胰岛素敏感性。     

缺失型血管紧张素转化酶基因与陈旧性心肌梗死患者胰岛素抵抗的关系

为探讨缺失型血管紧张素转化酶基因与陈旧性肌梗死患者胰岛素抵抗水平间的关系,本文选择５５例陈旧性心肌梗死患者和４７例普外科住院病人为对照组。用血浆空腹血糖浓度×血浆空腹胰岛素浓度÷２２．５计算胰岛素抵抗。用聚合酶链反应技术检测血管紧张素转化酶基因缺失／插入多态性。结果发现,陈旧性心肌梗死患者胰岛素抵抗水平和缺失型血管紧张素转化酶基因频率较对照组无统计学差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。陈旧性心肌梗死患者血管紧张素转化酶缺失纯合型、杂合型及插入纯合型基因型之间的胰岛素抵抗水平无统计学差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结果提示,缺失型血管紧张素转化酶基因和胰岛素抵抗与冠心病无联系,且它们之间不存在协同作用。     

老年糖尿病患者血浆纤溶活性与胰岛素抵抗的关系

检测４２例老年Ⅱ型糖尿病患者和２６例正常对照者血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（ｔＰＡ）及其抑制物（ＰＡＩ）、α２纤溶酶抑制物（α２ＰＩ）活性、血清纤维蛋白（原）降解产物（ＦＤＰ）、胰岛素水平及胰岛素敏感性指数（ＩＳＩ）的改变。结果表明,糖尿病患者血浆ＰＡＩ和α２ＰＩ活性及血清胰岛素水平高于对照组,而ｔＰＡ活性和ＩＳＩ则降低（Ｐ值均＜０．０１）。ＰＡＩ和α２ＰＩ活性与血清胰岛素水平呈正相关（ｒ值分别为０．５８２７和０．６５１９,Ｐ＜０．０１）,而与ＩＳＩ呈负相关（ｒ值分别为－０．４８１７和－０．５３７８,Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示老年Ⅱ型糖尿病患者血浆纤溶活性明显异常并存在显著的胰岛素抵抗（ＩＲ）和高胰岛素血症（ＨＩＳ）,纤溶活性失调和ＩＲ和ＨＩＳ有关,提示ＨＩＳ可能促使ＰＡＩ和α２ＰＩ合成及分泌增加,减轻和消除ＩＲ有助于避免ＨＩＳ及其引起的血浆纤溶活性异常。     

胰岛素抵抗与陈旧性心肌梗死患者血脂浓度的关系

目的探讨胰岛素抵抗与冠心病患者血脂浓度间关系。方法收集55例陈旧性心肌梗死患者及47例对照组。用血浆空腹血糖浓度（FPG）×血浆空腹胰岛素浓度（FPI）÷22．5计算胰岛素抵抗（IR）。用常规方法测定血脂浓度。结果陈旧性心肌梗死患者FPI、IR水平较对照组无显著统计学差异（P＞0．05）。且IR与血浆总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL－C）及甘油三酯（TG）浓度均无显著统计学相关（P＞0．05）。结论胰岛素抵抗与血脂改变及冠心病可能无联系。     

38例高血压病患者血脂与胰岛素抵抗

对３８例高血压病（ＥＨ）患者及２４例正常人空腹血清胰岛素（Ｉｎｓ）、Ｃ肽（ＣＰ）、血糖（ＳＧ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）及载脂蛋白（Ａｐｏ）含量进行测定，并推算胰岛素敏感指数（ＩＳＩ）。结果ＥＨ组Ｉｎｓ、ＣＰ升高，但ＩＳＩ显著降低，表明ＥＨ患者存在胰岛素抵抗（ＩＲ）。同时伴有ＴＧ、ＴＣ、ＡｐｏＢ１００、脂蛋白（ａ）［ＬＰ（ａ）］升高，ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ＡｐｏＡＩ降低。相关分析表明，ＥＨ患者Ｉｎｓ与ＴＧ、ＡｐｏＢ１００、ＬＰ（ａ）呈显著正相关，与ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ＡｐｏＡＩ呈显著负相关。ＩＳＩ与ＴＧ、ＡｐｏＢ１００呈显著负相关，提示ＥＨ患者ＩＲ可能是影响脂代谢的重要因素之一。     

高血压病患者血清脂蛋白、载脂蛋白异常与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的：探讨高血压病患者血脂／载脂蛋白异常与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法：以空腹胰岛素／空腹葡萄糖比值和口服葡萄糖负荷后胰岛素曲线下面积／葡萄糖曲线下面积比值作为胰岛素抵抗指标，与空腹血脂／载脂蛋白进行直线相关分析。结果：与正常对照组（ｎ＝２１）比较，高血压病组（ｎ＝３２）血清甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）、载脂蛋白（Ａｐｏ）Ｂ、空腹胰岛素、空腹胰岛素／空腹葡萄糖比值以及胰岛素曲线下面积、葡萄糖曲线下面积和胰岛素曲线下面积／葡萄糖曲线下面积比值均显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．００１），高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）、ＨＤＬ２－Ｃ、ＡｐｏＡＩ及ＡｐｏＡＩ／ＡｐｏＢ比值均显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．００１）。高血压病组空腹胰岛素／空腹葡萄糖比值和胰岛素曲线下面积／葡萄糖曲线下面积比值均分别与甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和ＡｐｏＢ呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１），与ＨＤＬ２－Ｃ、ＡｐｏＡＩ和ＡｐｏＡＩ／ＡｐｏＢ比值呈负相关（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．００１）。正常对照组上述指标间则无相关（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：高血压病患者血脂／载脂蛋白异常与胰岛素抵抗密切相关。     

心肌梗塞患者载脂蛋白E基因多态性研究及其对临床与血脂代谢的影响

目的：研究载脂蛋白（Ａｐｏ）Ｅ基因多态性对心肌梗塞发生、发展及预后的作用及其对血脂水平的影响。 方法;应用聚合酶链反应－限制性片段长度多态性检测方法,测定１０４例心肌梗塞患者（心肌梗塞组）和１８０例正常对照者（对照组）的Ａｏｐ　Ｅ基因型;并按常规方法测定血脂水平。 结果：共检测出 ５种 Ａｐｏ Ｅ基因型,分别为 Ａｐｏ Ｅ３／３、Ａｐｏ　 Ｅ３／２、Ａｐｏ Ｅ４／３、Ａｐｏ Ｅ４／２及 Ａｐｏ Ｅ４／４。心肌梗塞组Ａｐｏ　Ｅ４／３基因型和ＡｐｏＥε４等位基因频率均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）;心肌梗塞组总胆固醇（ＴＣ）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;心肌梗塞组泵功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级患者ＡｐｏＥ４／３基因型频率高于泵功能Ⅰ～Ⅱ级患者（Ｐ＜０．０５）;Ａｐｏ　Ｅε４等位基因具有升高ＴＣ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ的作用,Ａｐｏ　Ｅε２等位基因则有降低ＴＣ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ的作用。 结论：ＡｐｏＥ基因多态性与心肌梗塞的发生、发展和血脂的代谢水平密切相关;Ａｐｏ　Ｅε４等位基因可能是心肌梗塞重要的遗传标记,Ａｐｏ　Ｅ４／３亦影响心肌梗塞泵功能分级。     

中老年人高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与性激素的关系

对１０２例年龄≥４５岁的中老年非糖尿病人群的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）载脂蛋白Ａ１（ＡｐｏＡ１）进行测定，并观察它们与性激素的关系。经逐步回归分析，结果显示了ＨＤｌ－Ｃ与年龄、体重指数（ＢＭＩ）、空腹血浆胰岛素（Ｆ－Ｉｎｓ）水平显著负相关，与雌二醇／睾丸酮（Ｅ２／Ｔ）比值呈显著正相关（Ｐ＝０．０００１），与Ｔ呈显著负相关（Ｐ＝０．０００１）。在调整年龄、ＢＭＩ和ＩＮＳ、Ｆ后，Ｅ２／Ｔ比值是影响ＨＤＬ－Ｃ水平的独立因素。ＡｐｏＡ１，作为因变量进行相同的分析得到了与ＨＤＬ－Ｃ相似的结果。     

苯那普利对高血压病患者胰岛素抵抗的影响

探讨苯那普利对高血压病（ＥＨ） 患者胰岛素抵抗的影响。测定３２ 例ＥＨ 患者用苯那普利治疗（１０～２０ ｍｇ／ 日,疗程４ 周） 前后及２０ 例正常对照组的空腹血糖（ＦＰＧ） 、空腹胰岛素（ＦＩＮＳ） ,以１／（ＦＰＧ×ＦＩＮＳ）作为胰岛素敏感性指标（ＩＳＩ） 。结果　１－ ＥＨ患者苯那普利治疗后血压较治疗前显著降低（ＳＢＰ：１７ ．８４ ±１ ．５７ ｋＰａ 比２２ ．６３ ±２ ．１３ ｋＰａ,Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１ ;ＤＢＰ：１０．５８ ±１．２１ ｋＰａ 比１４ ．３５ ±１ ．２６ ｋＰａ,Ｐ＜ ０．０１） ,总有效率８４ ．４ ％ 。２－ ＥＨ 组与对照组ＦＰＧ 无明显差异,而ＩＳＩ有显著差异（０ ．０１５ ±０ ．００７ 比０ ．０３１ ±０ ．０１３ ,Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ;ＥＨ组苯那普利治疗后ＩＳＩ较治疗前显著改善（０ ．０２３ ±０ ．０１１ 比０ ．０１５ ±０ ．００７ ,Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） 。苯那普利在有效降压同时对ＥＨ 患者的胰岛素抵抗有明显改善作用     

高血压病内皮依赖性血管舒张及分泌功能的变化

目的：探讨内皮依赖性血管舒张功能和血浆内皮素、血管性假血友病因子、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物浓度在轻、中度高血压病中的变化及其相互关系。方法：采用高分辨率超声技术,对２１例轻、中度高血压病患者与２１名正常对照者的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能进行检测,同时测定血浆ＥＴ－１、ｖＷＦ、ＰＡＩ水平。结果：高血压病组反应性充血性肱动脉舒张率较对照组明显减弱（Ｐ〈０．００１）,而二组对硝酸甘油的反应无显著性差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。在高血压病组血浆ｖＷＦ和ＥＴ－１水平明显高于正常对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。而二组间ＰＡＩ活性无显著性差异。结论：高血压病患者存在内皮依赖性血管舒张功能障碍,并有血浆ＥＴ－１、ｖＷＦ水平升高,将高分辨率Ｂ超技术检测内皮依赖性血管舒张功能和血浆ＥＴ－１、ｖＷＦ、ＡＰＩ水平结合起来分析可能有利于对高血压病患者病情的判断     

Hyperinsulinemia predicts hepatic fat content in healthy individuals with normal transaminase concentrations

Although the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) and compensatory hyperinsulinemia (CH) is increased in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, the role of IR/CH in regulation of hepatic fat content in healthy volunteers with normal concentrations of alanine transaminase (ALT) has not been defined. To address this issue, hepatic fat content was quantified by ultrasound in 69 (30 men, 39 women) healthy individuals, without known risk factors for liver disease and with plasma ALT concentrations of less than 30 U/L. Experimental variables quantified included body mass index, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and fasting plasma glucose, fasting plasma insulin (FPI), and lipid concentrations. Subjects were classified as having no (55%), mild (27%), or moderate to severe (18%) hepatic steatosis on the basis of the ultrasound results. Statistically significant (P < .05-.001) correlations (Spearman rho values) existed between liver fat content and ALT (0.26), body mass index (0.52), waist circumference (0.50), systolic blood pressure (0.28), diastolic blood pressure (0.27), fasting plasma glucose (0.47), FPI (0.56), triglycerides (0.30), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-0.35). Multivariate general discriminant analysis and multiple linear regression analysis indicated that FPI was the only independent predictor (P < .001) of both liver fat content and ALT concentrations. Fasting plasma insulin (a surrogate estimate of IR/CH) predicts hepatic fat content and ALT in healthy volunteers with normal transaminase concentrations, independently of the other anthropometric and metabolic variables measured.     

冠心病患者病变冠状动脉支数与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的 通过监测冠心病患者空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)的水平,并根据这两项结果计算胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)、稳态模型的胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),了解患者是否存在胰岛素抵抗(IR);通过冠状动脉造影了解冠状动脉病变支数,了解IR与冠状动脉病变程度的关系.方法 本文收集了ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者19例,非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMT)患者15例,不稳定型心绞痛者(UAP)18例,稳定型心绞痛者(SAP)16例,健康对照者(CO)20例.各组患者均在入院24h内抽取清晨安静平卧状态下的空腹肘静脉血,其中留取血清标本测定FPG、FINS.结果 ISI与病变冠状动脉支数无一定的关系.结论 IR在冠心病患者中普遍存在,且随着患者病情的加重IR更明显,胰岛素抵抗程度与冠心病患者病变冠状动脉支数无关.     

Erythrocyte membrane phospholipid composition is related to hyperinsulinemia in obese nondiabetic women: effects of weight loss

The complex mechanisms by which obesity predisposes to insulin resistance are not clearly understood. According to a cell membrane hypothesis of insulin resistance, the defects in insulin action could be related to changes in membrane properties. The purpose of this work was to examine the relationship between 2 markers of insulin resistance (fasting plasma insulin [FPI] and homeostasis model assessment [HOMA IR]) and erythrocyte membrane lipid composition. In the first cross-sectional study, 24 premenopausal nondiabetic overweight women (body mass index [BMI], 32.5 +/- 0.9 kg/m(2); age, 35.7 +/- 2.2 years) were compared to 21 lean healthy women (BMI, 21 +/- 0.4 kg/m(2); age, 35.4 +/- 2.2 years). The second study examined whether a 3-month diet-induced weight loss, which usually improves insulin resistance, could also affect the membrane phospholipid (PL) composition and fluidity in the overweight group. Overweight women had significantly higher FPI levels (P <.0001), HOMA IR (P <.0001), membrane sphingomyelin (SM) (P <.05), and cholesterol (P <.05) contents than lean women. Baseline FPI and HOMA IR were positively correlated with membrane SM (P <.005), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (P <.005), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) (P <.05) contents, and negatively with phosphatidylinositol (PI) (P <.05) contents in the whole population. Multivariate regression analyses showed that 2 membrane parameters, PE and SM, were among the independent predictors of FPI or HOMA IR in the whole population, but also in the lean and the obese groups separately. Intervention induced a significant reduction in body weight (-5.7% +/- 0.7%), fat mass (-11.3% +/- 1.4%), and FPI (-10.2% +/- 5.4%). An improvement in membrane lipid composition was only observed in the insulin resistant subgroup (FPI > 9.55 mU/L). The reduction in FPI or HOMA IR was directly associated with reduction in SM and PE contents, a finding independent of the reduction in fat mass. A stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that the changes in SM accounted for 26.6% of the variance in the changes in FPI as an independent predictor, with the changes in fat mass and PE as other determinants (27.8% and 20%, respectively, adjusted r(2) =.704, P <.0001). These results suggest that the abnormalities in the membrane PL composition could be included in the unfavorable lipid constellation of obesity which correlated with impaired insulin sensitivity.     

Triglyceride and glucose intolerance as a risk factor for coronary heart disease

The electrophoresis of plasma lipoproteins frequently showed midbands between beta- and pre-beta-lipoproteins in survivors of myocardial infarction. There were increases in intermediate-density-lipoprotein (IDL) cholesterol and triglycerides with an increase in IDL cholesterol/triglycerides in the very-low-density-lipoprotein fraction, even if the increase in cholesterol was not so significant. Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was also frequently found in these patients. Among the patients with an apparently normal glucose tolerance, the coronary atherosclerosis scores judged by the American Heart Association reporting system on coronary angiography increased as the total insulin area by 75 g oral glucose tolerance test increased. The correlation between the atherosclerosis score and the insulin area was still significant even after adjustment for body mass index and plasma triglyceride level. Our data suggest that hypertriglyceridemia, IGT, and hyperinsulinemia may become independent risk factors for atherosclerosis in addition to cholesterol. Another study showed that the morbidity of coronary heart disease increased with an elevation of plasma triglyceride levels among patients with familial hypercholesterolemia.     

Abnormal intraventricular flow patterns in left ventricular dysfunction determined by color Doppler study.

We examined the relation between left ventricular (LV) flow dynamics measured by color Doppler, and either global or regional LV function in 19 normal subjects (group 1), in 55 patients with old myocardial infarction (MI) (29 without [group 2] and 26 with LV aneurysm [group 3]), and in 16 with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (group 4). We calculated by M-mode color Doppler a flow persistence index (FPI) (duration of flow directed in systole toward the apex/LV ejection time). Contrast echocardiography was performed as a control method in 14 patients of the four groups. In normal subjects, rapid systolic inversion of flow toward the aorta was evident (FPI: 0.11 +/- 0.16). In all but one patient in group 2, a similar LV flow pattern was observed, but FPI was greater (0.32 +/- 0.26). In groups 3 and 4, a paradoxical antegrade LV flow pattern was evident during the entire period of systole (FPI: 1.13 +/- 0.42 and 1.28 +/- 0.36, respectively). LV flow patterns were reproduced in echo-contrast studies. FPI was related to LV end-diastolic volume (r = 0.77), end-systolic volume (r = 0.82), and ejection fraction (r = -0.84). However, when data were analyzed separately in the different groups, these correlations were significant only in groups 2 and 3. Paradoxical flow pattern is not peculiar to regional LV dysfunction; it also occurs in global LV dysfunction. This LV flow abnormality may develop after MI even in the absence of severe LV dyssynergy or dilation, and is quantitatively related to the degree of LV dysfunction.     

Content of immunoreactive insulin and catecholamines in blood plasma and disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in patients with myocardial infarct]

The blood plasma level of immunoreactive insulin was studied dynamically be means of radioimmunoassay and the blood sugar level by the orthotoluidine technique in 70 patients with large-focal myocardial. In 48 of them the plasma level of catecholamines was determined simultaneously by the fluorimetric technique. The control group of patients was composed of ischaemic heart disease cases without myocardial infarction. Patients with acute myocardial infarction appeared to have hypercatecholaminemia and insufficient insulin excretion: 65.4% of acute myocardial infarction patients having an absolute insulin insufficiency, and 34.6% -- a relative one. The most distinct hypercatecholaminemia and insulin secretion inhibition were observed in those with acute myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure. In patients with an absolute insulin insufficiency the plasma level of noradrenaline was considerably and statistically significantly higher, than in those with a relative insulin insufficiency. In patients with high hypercatecholaminemia the insulin secretion inhibition was noted more often and was more severe. In patients with acute myocardial infarction and an absolute insulin insufficiency complications, such as congestive heart failure and rhythm and conductivity disorders, were more frequent and lasting, than in those with a relative insulin insufficiency. During the acute period of myocardial infarction the disorders in the carbohydrate metabolism were observed in 82.2% of the cases, and were more distinct in those with an absolute insulin insufficiency. By the 20th--22nd postinfarction day the carbohydate metabolism disorders persisted in 35% of the myocardial infarction patients.     

Familial combined hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease

Our aim was to investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease (i.e., survivors of myocardial infarction) in patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH). We compared a group of 20 male patients with FCH who had survived a myocardial infarction with two other groups matched for age and body mass index, comprising 20 individuals with FCH who had not had a myocardial infraction and 20 control subjects. Plasma lipid, glucose, and insulin levels were determined. Metabolic syndrome was judged to present on the basis of World Health Organization (WHO) and National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult treatment panel (NCEP-ATPIII) criteria. Differences between the groups were evaluated using non-parametric tests and the association between ischemic coronary disease and other parameters was assessed by logistic regression analysis. According to WHO criteria, the metabolic syndrome was present in 19 FCH patients who had survived a myocardial infarction, in 11 individuals with FCH who had not had a myocardial infraction, and in six control subject (P<.001); the difference between FCH patients with and without myocardial infarction was significant (P<.01). Presence of the metabolic syndrome, as defined by WHO criteria, is a marker of cardiovascular risk in individuals with FCH.     

Association of coronary atherosclerosis with insulin resistance in patients with impaired glucose tolerance

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role of insulin resistance (IR) in the development of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study group consisted of 42 patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Based upon coronary angiography the patients were divided into group A--with prior myocardial infarction and critical coronary stenosis (n=20) and group B--without prior myocardial infarction and without critical coronary stenosis (n=22). In each patient glucose disposal rate (GDR) during metabolic clamp, insulinaemia in the fasting state and during the clamp, glycaemia during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), BMI and body mass composition were measured. The groups did not differ in age, BMI, percent fat content and distribution, and blood pressure. Fasting insulinaemia (56.7 microU/ml) was higher in group A than in group B (22.3 microU/ml). GDR in group A (2.96 mg/kg b.m./min) was lower than in group B (5.36 mg/kg b.m./min). There was a negative correlation between the number of critically narrowed coronary vessels and GDR in group A. GDR below 3.97 mg/kg b.m./min was found, based on regression analysis, to be a powerful risk factor for myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between IR and severity of coronary atherosclerosis implies its unfavourable role in the development of atherosclerosis. The present findings indicate a negative role of IR in the development of myocardial infarction and suggest that it is an independent risk factor, which identifies high-risk patients requiring treatment that would increase tissue insulin sensitivity.     

不稳定性心绞痛患者胰岛素抵抗与凝血纤溶系统变化的相关意义

目的:探讨冠心病患者胰岛素抵抗对凝血纤溶系统的影响及其与不稳定性心绞痛(UA)发生的关系.方法:按照世界卫生组织冠心病诊断标准,选取29例UA患者、32例稳定性心绞痛(SA)患者和28例健康对照者,分别行口服葡萄糖耐量及胰岛素释放试验,检测空腹血糖、胰岛素(IS)、血浆纤维蛋白原(FG)浓度、组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)和纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物(PAI)活性;血糖和IS曲线下面积、胰岛素敏感性指数(ISI)分别由公式求得;组间比较采用非配对资料t检验,两变量间用直线相关分析.结果:UA血糖及IS曲线下面积、FG含量、PAI活性明显高于正常对照者,UA和SA患者ISI则低于正常对照者;UA患者ISI降低发生率明显高于SA,空腹及餐后2小时血浆IS与血浆PAI活性、FG含量呈显著正相关.结论:胰岛素抵抗和高IS血症对凝血纤溶系统的影响可以加重冠心病临床表现的严重程度,加速冠状动脉粥样斑块病变的进程,诱导UA的发生.     

Scintigraphic predictor of left ventricular size after acute myocardial infarction

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between thallium-201 scintigraphic indices and left ventricular size after acute myocardial infarction. Forty-seven patients with acute myocardial infarction underwent rest-redistribution thallium-201 scintigraphy at 2 weeks and left ventriculography at 4 weeks, after the onset of myocardial infarction. Percent (%) fixed defect, %redistribution and %reverse redistribution, calculated as a percentage of whole left ventricular area, were quantified with computer-generated unfolded map method of the myocardial radioactivity. Despite no significant difference in peak plasma creatine phosphokinase between the two groups, patients with anterior myocardial infarction (28 patients) had larger %fixed defect (p < 0.01), which was associated with higher end-diastolic pressure (p < 0.05) and larger end-diastolic volume index (p < 0.01) than those with inferior myocardial infarction (19 patients). End-diastolic volume index was not related to %redistribution and %reverse redistribution, but there was a good relation between end-diastolic volume index and %fixed defect in anterior (r = 0.79, p < 0.001) and in inferior (r = 0.73, p < 0.001) myocardial infarction. However, left ventricular end-diastolic volume index in anterior myocardial infarction was larger than that of inferior myocardial infarction at any given %fixed defect. Thus, site as well as size of fixed defect at 2 weeks after the onset of acute myocardial infarction was related to left ventricular end-diastolic volume at chronic phase.