卡维地洛对心肌梗死家兔心室胶原重建的影响

目的:评价第三代肾上腺素β受体拮抗剂--卡维地洛(CVD)对心肌梗死家兔心室胶原重建的影响.方法:以开胸冠状动脉结扎法制备家兔急性心肌梗死(AMI)模型,假手术组、AMI组和CVD组各10只动物.直接灌胃给药(1 mg/kg/d),4周后处死动物,获取心肌组织左心室梗死区、非梗死区(室间隔、右心室),测定心肌胶原含量及组织标本固定做病理分析.结果:与假手术组相比,AMI组左心室重量(LVW)、右心室重量(RVW)和左心室梗死区、非梗死区胶原含量均显著增加(均P＜0.01).与AMI组相比,CVD组的LVW和RVW、非梗死区胶原含量显著降低(P＜0.01),左心室梗死区胶原含量无明显差别(P＞0.05).心肌特殊染色及电镜于左心室梗死区、非梗死区可见AMI组变性的心肌细胞周围、血管周围胶原成分增生明显,而在左心室梗死区CVD组与其无显著性差别,于非梗死区可见CVD组胶原沉积比AMI组显著减轻.结论:CVD能够显著抑制心肌梗死后非梗死区心肌胶原沉积,而对梗死区无效.     

安体舒通、培哚普利及其合用对大鼠心肌梗死后心室重构和心肌间质胶原的影响

目的 观察醛固酮受体拮抗剂-安体舒通、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂-培哚普利对大鼠急性心肌梗死(AMI)后左心室重构和胶原增生的影响,探索醛固酮受体拮抗剂和血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂降低AMI后病死率的机制.方法 结扎大鼠左前降支建立急性心肌梗死模型,将48只雌性Sprague-Dawley(SD)AMI大鼠随机分为:AMI对照组(n=11)、安体舒通组(n=10,20mg/kg/d)、培哚普利组(n=10,10mg/kg/d)及其联合用药组(n=9,安体舒通20mg/kg/d 培哚普利10mg/kg/d),另设假手术组(n=8).术后4周进行血流动力学测定、病理分析和非梗死区Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原含量的测定.结果 AMI对照组与假手术组相比,左心室舒张末压(LvEDp)、容积、重量和非梗死区Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原含量均显著增加;左心室球形指数、左心室内压最大上升和下降速率(±dp/dt/LVSP)均显著降低.安体舒通组与AMI对照组相比,以上各指标多数无显著差异,仅左心室非梗死区Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原含量显著减少.培哚普利组和联合用药组与AMI组相比,LVEDP、左心室实际重量显著降低;左心室容积仅联合用药组有显著降低;而两组的 dp/dt/LVSP显著增加;联合用药组的-dp/dt/LVSP显著增加.安体舒通、培哚普利和联合用药3组与AMI组相比,左心室非梗死区Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型胶原含量显著减少;且3组之间对胶原沉积的防治作用无显著性差异.结论 单纯应用安体舒通能有效抑制AMI左心室非梗死区Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原的增生,提示安体舒通可能有改善左心室重构的潜在作用.培哚普利与安体舒通两药合用可更有效防治AMI后左心室重构,改善左心室舒张功能,其降低AMI后病死率和防治左心室重构的原因之一与减轻胶原沉积有关.     

螺内酯对大鼠心肌梗死左室血流动力学及胶原重构的实验研究

目的研究螺内酯、氯沙坦对大鼠心肌梗死后血液动力学和心肌胶原重构的影响.方法通过结扎冠状动脉左前降支诱导大鼠心肌梗死模型.心肌梗死后72h将大鼠随机分为①安慰剂组;②小剂量螺内酯组;③大剂量螺内酯组;④氯沙坦组;⑤二者合用组,另设假手术组.于第6周观察以下指标非梗死区心肌胶原含量及Ⅰ/Ⅲ型胶原蛋白比值.结果第6周安慰剂组与假手术组相比心肌胶原含量及Ⅰ/Ⅲ型胶原蛋白比值也明显增加(P均＜0.05).螺内酯组、氯沙坦组以及二者合用组与安慰剂组相比心肌胶原含量及Ⅰ/Ⅲ型胶原蛋白比值有显著下降(P均＜0.05).结论螺内酯、氯沙坦均可改善MI后左室舒张功能,抑制非梗死区胶原增生及改建.     

螺内酯对急性心肌梗死心肌细胞凋亡相关基因Bcl-2mRNA及BaxmRNA表达影响

目的 研究醛固酮受体拮抗剂螺内酯对心肌细胞凋亡相关基因Bcl-2mRNA及BaxmRNA表达的作用.方法 结扎左冠状动脉前降支制造大鼠左心室大面积心肌梗死模型.术后存活大鼠共72只,随机分为心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)对照组(AMI组)、螺内酯(spironolactone,Spi)治疗组(Spi组)及假手术组(Sham组),每组24只.分别于术后48h,7、14、21d用PCR方法测定非梗死区心肌细胞Bcl-2mRNA和BaxmRNA的表达.结果 与Sham组相比较,AMI组和Spi组大鼠非梗死区心肌细胞Bcl-2表达在48h,7、14、21d显著降低(P＜0.01),BaxmRNA 表达均显著升高(P＜0.01);与AMI组比较,Spi组大鼠非梗死区心肌细胞Bcl-2和BaxmRNA基因表达在48h、7d差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),14、21d时心肌细胞BCL-2基因表达均升高(P＜0 05和P＜0 01),BaxmRNA基因表达均显著降低(P＜0.05和P＜0.01).结论 螺内酯可增加急性心肌梗死后大鼠非梗死区心肌细胞凋亡相关基因Bcl-2mRNA的表达和减弱BaxmRNA的表达.     

促红细胞生成素对急性心肌梗死家兔心室重构的影响

目的：探讨促红细胞生成素（EPO）对急性心肌梗死（AMI）家兔心室重构的影响。方法：开胸冠状动脉结扎法制备家兔AMI模型,随机分为假手术组、AMI对照组和EPO组,每组各10只。腹腔注射EPO5000U/kg,3次/周,24h后采血测心肌酶,4周后处死动物,获取心肌组织测定心室重量、心肌胶原含量及组织标本固定做病理分析。结果：与AMI组相比,EPO组的心肌酶水平、左心室重量（LVW）和右心室重量（RVW）、心肌胶原含量显著降低（P〈0.05）,心肌特殊染色可见左心室非梗死区AMI组变性的心肌细胞周围、血管周围胶原成分增生明显,而在EPO组胶原沉积比AMI对照组明显减轻。结论：EPO对AMI家兔有明显的心脏保护作用,抑制心室重构。     

辛伐他汀对大鼠急性心肌梗死后Ⅰ型胶原合成及TNF-α表达的影响

目的:观察辛伐他汀对大鼠急性心肌梗死(AMI)后肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)- a表达及Ⅰ型胶原合成的影 响。方法:Wistar大鼠随机分3组:辛伐他汀治疗组(AMI S组)、梗死对照组(AMI- C组)和假手术组(SH组)。前2 组大鼠结扎左冠状动脉前降支(LAD)制成AMI模型,AMI S组给辛伐他汀40mg/kg灌胃治疗,余2组给予生理盐 水灌胃。4周后,RT- PCR法检测左心室非梗死心肌TNF αmRNA表达,Westernblot法测定左心室非梗死区心肌 TNF -α蛋白表达,免疫组化法测定左心室非梗死区心肌I型胶原合成量。结果:AMI C和AMI S组大鼠4周后心脏 质量、左心室心肌I型胶原合成量、TNF -α蛋白及mRNA表达较SH组都明显升高(P<0.05),AMI S组心脏质量、I 型胶原合成量、TNF -α蛋白及mRNA表达均较AMI C组显著降低(P<0.05),但仍高于SH组(P<0.05)。结论:辛 伐他汀减少大鼠心肌梗死4周后I型胶原合成量,可能与其抑制心肌TNF -α表达有关。     

卡维地洛对家兔急性心肌梗死左室重构的作用

目的评价第三代β-受体阻滞剂卡维地洛对家兔急性心肌梗塞(AMI)后的左室重构的防治作用,以及对梗死区损伤心肌细胞的修复.方法采用家兔制备心肌梗死模型,20只AMI术后成活的雄性家兔随机分为AMI对照组、卡维地洛(CVD)组,另设假手术组.灌胃给药4周后处死动物.用电子精确天平称量左室、右室的重量,用羟脯氨酸方法测定心肌组织的胶原的含量及采集标本进行病理分析.结果梗死后左心室、右心室重量均比假手术组增加,差异显著.梗死区胶原含量显著增加,非梗死区胶原含量增加明显.经卡维地洛治疗后,左心室、右心室重量均下降,但未能恢复至正常水平.梗死区胶原含量亦略有下降,但差异不显著.非梗死区胶原含量下降明显,差异显著.病理分析结果显示卡维地洛组心肌细胞损伤程度减轻.结论卡维地洛能有效防治家兔AMI后的左室重构及减轻心肌细胞损伤程度.     

巨噬细胞移植对大鼠心肌梗死后细胞外基质修复的影响

目的探讨移植巨噬细胞对大鼠缺血再灌注引起的心肌梗死后细胞外基质修复和心室重塑的影响。方法贴壁法培养Wistar大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,建立Wistar大鼠心肌缺血-再灌注模型,随机分为对照组(AMI组,n=23),巨噬细胞移植组(MΦ组,n=20),假手术组(n=12)。术后第7天和第28天,取大鼠左室心肌组织进行组织病理学分析,分别测定膨展指数、梗死面积、非梗死区心肌细胞横截面积(CSA)、梗死区及非梗死区胶原容积分数(CVF)、梗死区胶原成熟程度。结果与AMI组比较,MΦ组术后第7天膨展指数[(0.27±0.13)vs(0.41±0.19),P<0.05]、非梗死区CSA[(330.65±57.30)μm2vs(408.00±99.98)μm2,P<0.01]均显著减少,MΦ组术后第28天膨展指数[(0.30±0.11)vs(0.48±0.12,P<0.01]、非梗死区CSA[(335.80±92.52)μm2 vs(515.41±93.13)μm2,P<0.01]也均显著减少;术后第7天和第28天MΦ组梗死区CVF显著大于AMI组[(53.51±5.82)%vs(45.05±3.66)%,(79.17±5.58)%vs(73.17±5.94)%,P<0.01],非梗死区CVF显著小于AMI组[(2.37±0.65)%vs(4.84±1.81)%,(2.64±0.63)%vs(6.01±1.34)%,P<0.01],梗死区胶原成熟程度显著大于AMI组[(0.566±0.009)vs(0.509±0.011),(2.162±0.047)vs(1.454±0.020),P<0.01]。结论巨噬细胞心肌内移植促进梗死区胶原沉积和成熟度增加,减少梗死范围,减轻非梗死区纤维化程度和心肌肥厚程度,从而改善心肌梗死后左室重塑。     

中期因子联用氯沙坦对大鼠急性心肌梗死后心室重塑的影响

目的探讨中期因子与氯沙坦联用对大鼠急性心肌梗死(AMI)后心室重塑过程的影响。方法将60只Wistar大鼠随机均分为4组,假手术组(SO组)、心肌梗死对照组(MI组)、中期因子干预组(MI+MK组)和中期因子+氯沙坦干预组(MI+MK+L0S组)。制作心肌梗死模型,并对MI+MK组、MI+MK+LOS组分5点梗死周围注射中期因子(1μg/200 g),MI+MK+LOS组每日给予氯沙坦灌胃(15 mg/kg),4周后进行心功能及组织学检测。结果 MI+MK组较MI组、MI+MK+LOS组较MI+MK组大鼠心肌梗死面积、左心室重量显著减小(P0.01);梗死周边新生血管及梗死区的胶原容积分数显著增多(P0.01),左心室功能显著改善。结论中期因子能够改善急性心肌梗死后的心室重塑,联用氯沙坦后效果更加明显。     

螺内酯对心肌梗死大鼠不同阶段心室重构的影响

目的探讨螺内酯对大鼠心肌梗死后不同阶段左心室结构变化的影响,为心肌梗死后心脏保护药物的使用提供依据。方法雌性Wistar大鼠,通过结扎左冠状动脉前降支制备心肌梗死模型。螺内酯组手术后直接灌胃给药(40mg/d),心梗组及假手术组均喂等量自来水。术后24h、1周、2周及4周随机从各组中取7～12只大鼠,分别行左室重量(LVAW)及病理组织学检查,并计算左室相对重量(LVRW)、左室截面直径和球形指数。结果大鼠梗死范围为23%～35%。手术1周后,心梗组与假手术组比较,LVAW、LVRW、左室截面直径增大,球形指数缩小,2～4周最明显,组间有显著统计学意义(P<0.05),用螺内酯4周时,上述指标明显改善(P<0.05)。结论大鼠心肌梗死1周后即发生左心室重塑改变;心肌梗死后早期使用螺内酯,对大鼠左心室结构有保护作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.