中医在临床肿瘤学中的角色

Chinese Medicine（CM）has been used for several thousand years,playing an important role in the prevention and treatment of diseases including cancer.In the recent four decades,a number of CM herbs have aroused extreme interest in the world-isolating anticancer components from medicinal herbs,using them as biological response modifiers,and most recently as angiogenesis inhibitors.The present review reports both the experimental and clinical results obtained in the field of clinical oncology,especially conducted by our group.The review also presents the possible future of integration of CM and modern medicine in basic research and clinical practice,especially when CM used as adjuvant and maintenance therapy.     

Angiogenesis and Hepatic Fibrosis: Western and Chinese Medicine Therapies on the Road

Hepatic fibrosis is a common feature of almost all chronic liver diseases. Formation of new vessels (angiogenesis) is a process strictly related to the progressive fibrogenesis which leads to cirrhosis and liver cancer. This review mainly concerns the relationship between angiogenesis and hepatic fibrosis, by considering the mechanism of angiogenesis, cells in angiogenesis, anti-angiogenic and Chinese medicine therapies.     

Wnt信号通路与血管发生研究进展

Wnt信号通路与血管发生有着密切联系,它能够通过使血管内皮细胞增殖、血管芽生、血管丛重塑、促进脉管系统成熟等多个阶段来诱导血管发生.通过动态变化的Wnt信号来改善如缺血性脑损伤等与内皮细胞密切相关的神经病理状况成为了近来研究的热点.本文就Wnt信号通路与血管发生之间的关系做一综述.     

血管生成在肝硬化门脉高压(PHT)中的研究进展

 门脉高压(portal hypertension,PHT)是慢性肝病肝硬化患者主要的并发症之一,近年来,新生血管形成在PHT中的作用受到越来越多学者的关注。病理性血管生成早在肝硬化及RHT形成之前就已发生,是疾病进展的重要环节。PHT病理性血管生成的机制包括缺氧及炎症反应、细胞间的信号传导及相互作用、血管内皮基因表型改变等,本文将主要阐述这3个方面的机制以及血管抑制生成的药物研究进展。     

基于“毒-虚-瘀”探讨肿瘤血管生成的中医机制

新生血管生成是肿瘤生长和转移的必要条件之一。断绝或减少肿瘤血管供应,抑制肿瘤血管生成是控制肿瘤生长和转移的重要途径。近年来中药治疗肿瘤收到较好效果,相关研究方兴未艾,但就其中医机制少有阐述,本文就肿瘤血管生成中医机制从"毒-虚-瘀"方面进行初步探讨,认为(癌)毒邪蓄积是肿瘤血管生成的前提,正气虚损是肿瘤血管生成的内在因素,瘀血内结是肿瘤血管生成的病理变化。     

从中医络病与病络理论认识肿瘤血管生成

通过对肿瘤血管生成及络病相关理论的阐释,说明西医学肿瘤发生发展的重要理论--肿瘤血管生成与中医学络病、病络存在一定的相关性;肿瘤血管生成是一种病理机制,相当于中医学的"络道亢进",归属"病络";指出病络、络病理论对抗肿瘤血管生成的诸多借鉴作用,如针对"久病入络""新病入络"的中医治则与治法可为各种实体肿瘤所用,发挥阻抑络脉生成、清除络脉癌毒效能;并探讨了病络、络病理论对抗肿瘤血管生成中药筛选与研究的指导价值,以期为中医学对肿瘤的深入认识以及从络病、病络论治提供新的思路.     

Treatment of cerebral ischemia with combination of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and Chinese medicine

Many laboratories have been attempting to integrate Chinese medicine(CM) with the research of stem cells in order to explore this promising frontier.Studies on the combination of CM and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) have found that some effective components from CM could activate endogenous stem cells and induce stem cells to differentiate into neural-like cells in vitro and promote angiogenesis.This review summarized the latest research findings of BMSCs and their application combined with CM in the treatment of cerebral ischemia.     

Recent Highlights of Experimental Research for Inhibiting Tumor Growth by Using Chinese Medicine

To give an overview of contemporary experimental research using Chinese medicine (CM) for the treatment of cancer. As an integral part of mainstream medicine in the People''s Republic of China, CM emphasizes improvements in holistic physical condition instead of merely killing tumor cells, which is consistent with the current medical model that advocates patient-oriented treatment. Great progress has been made in experimental research, and the principle aspects include anti-tumor angiogenesis, inducing apoptosis and differentiation, reversing multidrug resistance, and improving immune function. As a current hot topic in cancer research, tumor microenvironment (TME) highlights the mutual and interdependent interaction between tumor cells and their surrounding tissues, and the CM treatment concept bears a striking resemblance to it. To date, primary points of TME include extracellular matrix remodeling, inflammation, hypoxia, and angiogenesis, but trials using CM with a focus on TME are rare. Despite considerable recent development, experimental research on CM for solving cancer issues appears insufficient. Greater efforts in this field are urgently needed.     

Inhibition of Pathological Angiogenesis of Chinese Medicine against Liver Fibrosis

Pathological angiogenesis of liver which includes liver sinusoidal capillarization due to lose of fenestraes of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and formation of new vascular, is a crucial mechanism responsible for origination and development of liver fifibrosis and closely involves in the development of cirrhosis and hepatic cancer. Anti-neovascularization medicine such as sorafenib can decrease portosystemic shunts, improve splanchnic hyperdynamic circulation, lower portal hypertension, while it can not be applied in clinic due to its serious toxic and side reactions. Chinese herbal formula can effectively inhibit pathological angiogenesis of liver, improve microcirculation of liver, and decrease the probability of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in cirrhotic patients. Different Chinese herbal formula are of different characteristics on inhibiting pathological angiogenesis in liver fifibrosis, which partly explains synergistic effect of different compatibility of Chinese materia medica and opens up good vista for Chinese medicine against liver fifibrosis through inhibiting angiogenesis.     

Correlation between Chinese Medicine Constitution and Skin Types: A Study on 187 Japanese Women

Objective: Chinese medicine (CM) is widely applied in cosmetics and dermatology. The theory of CM believes that skin characterizations reflect the internal status of balance which can be represented by body constitution, but relevant studies are few. This study aims to analyze the relationship between body constitution of CM and skin condition. Methods: Participants were recruited from a private health and beauty clinic in Tokyo, Japan from June 2013 to January 2015. Each participant was assessed using Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire (CCMQ) for body constitution and the Baumann Skin Type Questionnaire for skin type. Spearman''s rank correlation and stepwise multiple linear regression were used to investigate the effect of body constitutions on skin types. Results: A total of 187 Japanese females were recruited in this study. Higher dampness-heat and phlegm-dampness scores were associated with oilier skin while higher qi-depression and blood-stasis were associated with drier skin. Higher score in Inherited Special and yin-deficiency constitutions tended to have more sensitive skin, and higher score in blood-stasis was associated with more pigmented skin and wrinkles. Conclusions: Our findings supported the "Constitution-Skin Correlated theory" in CM. Understanding of the association between skin conditions and the body constitutions might be helpful to explore more individualized treatment options for skin care and dermatological diseases through modifications of the unique body constitutions using CM modalities.     

血管再生：中医药治疗中风的新方向

Based on the pathophysiology of the brain, advance in angiogenesis induced by stroke, and evidences of Chinese-medicine-mediated angiogenesis, the possibility to study the stroke-treating mechanism of Chinese medicine in angiogenesis was discussed. And regarding our previous work on angiogenesis modulated by qi-tonifying and stasis-eliminating therapy following intracerebral hemorrhage, we proposed some questions, which should be taken into account in the further work.     

COX-2及其抑制剂与眼部血管发生

血管发生在许多疾病的发生、发展中发挥重要作用,如肿瘤、慢性炎症疾病、糖尿病视网膜病等.最新研究证实由环氧合酶-2(COX-2)催化产生的前列腺素类物质可促进促血管形成因子的表达,并且通过抑制COX-2能够抑制新生血管的产生和促血管形成因子的表达,例如血管内皮生长因子、成纤维细胞生长因子等.提示靶向COX-2抑制剂可能用于抗血管发生的治疗.本文对COX-2及其抑制剂与眼部血管发生的关系做一综述.     

Anginogenesis of Eutopic and Ectopic Endometria in Endometriosis

Summary:In order to study the angiogenesis in endometriosis,the samples of eutopic and ectopic endometria from patients with endometriosis were quantitatively analyzed by color morphometric imagesystem(CMIS)for vascular surface area,and by examining endometrial blood vessel for microvesseldensity(MVD).The results showed that within each menstrual phase the vascular surface area andMVD were significantly higher in ectopic endometria with endometriosis than those in eutopic en-dometria with endometriosis or normal endometrium(P<0.05).It is concluded that angiogenesismight be involved in the development of endometriosis.     

Identification of Hypertension Subgroups through Topological Analysis of Symptom-Based Patient Similarity

Objective: To obtain the subtypes of the clinical hypertension population based on symptoms and to explore the relationship between hypertension and comorbidities. Methods: The data set was collected from the Chinese medicine (CM) electronic medical records of 33,458 hypertension inpatients in the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between July 2014 and May 2017. Then, a hypertension disease comorbidity network (HDCN) was built to investigate the complicated associations between hypertension and their comorbidities. Moreover, a hypertension patient similarity network (HPSN) was constructed with patients'' shared symptoms, and 7 main hypertension patient subgroups were identified from HPSN with a community detection method to exhibit the characteristics of clinical phenotypes and molecular mechanisms. In addition, the significant symptoms, diseases, CM syndromes and pathways of each main patient subgroup were obtained by enrichment analysis. Results: The significant symptoms and diseases of these patient subgroups were associated with different damaged target organs of hypertension. Additionally, the specific phenotypic features (symptoms, diseases, and CM syndromes) were consistent with specific molecular features (pathways) in the same patient subgroup. Conclusion: The utility and comprehensiveness of disease classification based on community detection of patient networks using shared CM symptom phenotypes showed the importance of hypertension patient subgroups.     

A New Perspective for Chinese Medicine Intervention for Coronary Artery Disease: Targeting Inflammation

Inflammation, which plays a critical role in atherosclerosis and the occurrence of acute cardiovascular events, may be a new target for treatment of coronary artery disease(CAD) to reduce residual cardiovascular risk. Recently, Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease(CANTOS), the largest scale clinical trial that targeted inflammation but not lipids, has affirmed for the first time the inflammatory hypothesis of artherosclerosis and marked the advent of an exciting era of targeting inflammation for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Chinese medicine(CM) is a promising adjuvant therapy for CAD in light of its safety and pleiotropic effect of anti-inflammation, anti-platelet, lipid-regulating, endothelium-protection, microcirculation-improving, etc. In recent years, exploration of anti-inflammatory treatment of CAD with CM has been going on from theory to practice. Taking CANTOS as an example, the design strategy to combine CM and Western medicine to inhibit inflammation were discussed in this paper, which might provide a new perspective for CM intervention on CAD.     

天花粉蛋白抗小鼠H22肿瘤作用的研究

对天花粉蛋白注射液（TCS）抗BALB/c小鼠体内H22肿瘤的作用进行了初步研究。建立移植型H22肝癌小鼠模型,腹腔注射TCS治疗,检测抑瘤率、皮内肿瘤微血管新生等指标,并通过细胞流式分析和体外鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜（CAM）实验对其抗肿瘤作用机制进行探讨。结果显示,TCS治疗组实体瘤重与皮内肿瘤微血管新生数都明显小于模型对照组（P<0.01）。证明TCS通过抑制血管生长表现出一定的抗小鼠体内H22肿瘤生长的作用。     

c-met癌基因与乳腺癌血管生成的相关性研究

目的探讨原癌基因c-met在乳腺癌血管生成中的作用及其临床意义,为寻求抗人乳腺癌血管生成药物提供依据。方法应用SP免疫组化和计算机图像分析技术,对80例乳腺癌、20例乳腺纤维腺瘤的微血管密度和c-met蛋白表达进行定量测定。结果乳腺癌组织微血管计数、c-met阳性表达与组织学分级、淋巴结转移、肿瘤分期显著相关(P<0．01)。高微血管计数与c-net阳性表达显著相关(P<0．01)。结论原癌基因c-met激活参与调控乳腺癌的肿瘤血管生成,是一重要的预后因素。