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1.
Background
Age at onset of psychosis may carry clinical significance across psychotic disorders and appears to be associated with specific genetic abnormalities.Methods
We used the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) to examine clinical characteristics contributing to age at onset variability in patients with schizophrenia (n = 80), schizoaffective disorder (n = 61), and bipolar disorder with psychotic features (n = 92).Results
Age at onset did not differ across DSM-IV diagnostic groups. Multiple regression analyses revealed that comorbid lifetime cannabis, but not alcohol, abuse/dependence was associated with a statistically significant 3 years earlier age at onset of psychosis. Patients developed cannabis abuse/dependence an additional 3 years before psychosis. Patients with comorbid lifetime panic disorder also had a 4-year earlier age at onset of psychosis. The effects of panic disorder and cannabis abuse/dependence were independent of one another.Conclusions
Early onset of psychosis, regardless of the specific DSM-IV diagnosis, is characterized by differential clinical features, notably a history of lifetime cannabis abuse/dependence. Panic disorder comorbidity is also associated with earlier age at onset of psychosis. Our findings indicate that examination of clinical and biological characteristics of patients with psychosis regardless of DSM-IV diagnosis can uncover relevant information. 相似文献2.
Objective
Nonsuicidal deliberate self-harm and factitious disorders have been proposed as subtypes within the autodestructive behavior spectrum, basically differing in the issue of concealment. Aims are to determine Axis I diagnoses and psychopathologic correlates of open self-harmers and patients diagnosed with factitious disorders.Methods
One hundred ninety-four psychosomatic medicine inpatients participated. Assessment included the structured World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (computerized version) and self-report questionnaires for anxiety, depression, perceived stress, and personal coping resources.Results
Thirty-seven patients identified with self-destructive behavior were matched with 37 patients without such behavior. Overt self-harmers (n = 18) were more frequently diagnosed with anxiety, depressive, substance abuse/dependence, or eating disorders and reported more stress than factitious disorder patients (n = 19) or those without self-destructive behavior. Patients with factitious disorder exhibited lower Axis I comorbidity and less psychopathology than patients without self-harm behavior.Conclusions
Regarding psychopathologic assessment, contrary to open self-harmers, factitious disorder patients appear strikingly inconspicuous. 相似文献3.
Background
Discussions and debate about youth smoking, alcohol use, and illegal substance use (collectively referred to as youth substance use) continue to receive wide attention among researchers, policymakers, and the general public. Previous research has suggested that peer delinquency is a particularly strong correlate of youth substance use. The current study focuses on the influence of delinquent peers on substance use, and how peer delinquency influences change across age cohorts of youth.Method
The current study examines multiple correlates for youth substance use in a sample of 8,256 youth (mean age 14), with the goal of identifying the influence of delinquent peers across age cohorts while controlling for other correlates. Data was collected from the Ohio version of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) developed by the Centers for Disease Control.Results
Results from multiple regression analyses identified peer delinquency as the strongest correlate of youth substance use even when other relevant factors related to family, neighborhood, and media use were controlled. Correlations between peer delinquency and substance use behavior increased across age cohorts and for individuals who first used in middle teen years (13-16) irrespective of current age.Interpretation
Age appears to be a moderating factor regarding the correlation between peer delinquency and youth substance abuse. Primary and secondary prevention and intervention strategies that focus on peers are potentially more likely to reduce youth substance use and improve peer relationships than those focused on other areas such as schools or media. 相似文献4.
Objective
The Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFQ) is a widely used instrument to assess fatigue in both clinical and nonclinical settings. Psychometric properties of the scale and discriminative abilities were examined.Methods
A total of 361 patients with CFS and 1615 individuals in the community were assessed with the CFQ. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to explore the structure of the scale. Receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to investigate the discriminative properties.Results
Two components, physical and mental fatigue, were identified in the CFS patient group and in the general population samples. Area under the curve for ROC was .91. The fatigue scale effectively discriminates, at high scores, between CFS patients and the general population.Conclusion
Physical and mental fatigue are clearly separable components of fatigue. The CFQ can discriminate reliably between clinical and nonclinical conditions. 相似文献5.
Psychopathology in offspring from families of alcohol dependent female probands: A prospective study
Background
Despite the importance of understanding the long-term outcome for children of alcohol dependent (AD) women, the available literature is largely based on offspring of AD fathers and few have utilized prospective designs that include child, adolescent and young adult assessments. Multiplex AD families in which multiple cases of AD are present provide an ideal setting for understanding developmental variants of the adult phenotype.Method
Offspring from multiplex AD families identified through the mother or control families were evaluated multiple times during childhood and followed to young adulthood. Familial risk status and the presence of specific child/adolescent disorders were used as predictors of substance use disorder outcome by young adulthood.Results
Offspring who were members of maternal multiplex families had elevated rates of child and young adulthood disorders. High risk offspring of alcohol dependent women were at increased risk for externalizing (Conduct Disorder and ADHD) and internalizing disorders (Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Anxiety Disorders). By young adulthood, offspring from these multiplex families had significantly greater odds of developing alcohol abuse or dependence (odds ratio [OR] = 3.63 [CI 1.36-9.64]) and drug abuse or dependence (OR = 4.23 [CI 1.73-10.32]). The prospective design of the study revealed that specific childhood disorders (Conduct Disorder, ADHD, MDD) increased the odds of subsequent development of substance use disorder (SUD).Conclusions
Multiplex familial risk for alcohol dependence is a significant predictor of substance use disorders by young adulthood. Familial risk and an earlier childhood disorder may set the stage for later development of SUD. 相似文献6.
Mandelli L Carli V Roy A Serretti A Sarchiapone M 《Journal of psychiatric research》2011,45(6):742-747
Background and Aims
Childhood trauma is a well recognized risk factor for attempting suicide. However, its relationship to the age of onset of first suicide attempt and the repetition of attempts has been little studied.Methods
One thousand five hundred and fifty-three prisoners underwent a psychiatric interview which included the Brown-Goodwin Lifetime History of Aggression (BGHA) interview. The prisoners completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI).Results
Two hundred prisoners (12.9%) had a history of attempting suicide. Subjects who had attempted suicide had significantly higher CTQ scores than subjects who had never attempted. Childhood traumas were also significantly associated with the early onset of suicidal behavior, while repeated attempts were predicted by sexual abuse only. Early suicidal behavior was further associated with young age, psychiatric disease, aggressive traits and violent behavior. Early age at onset of suicidal behavior was also associated with repetition of suicide attempts. Repetition of suicide attempt was further associated with other self-injurious behaviors (self-harm).Conclusions
These results confirm that a history of attempting suicide is frequent among prisoners. Childhood trauma is a risk factor not only for suicidal behavior but also for its early onset as is having a psychiatric disorder and aggressive traits. Sexual abuse may increase the risk for multiple attempts, which strongly correlated with age at onset and other self-harm behaviors. 相似文献7.
Bettina Bankier Justine Barajas James L. Januzzi 《Journal of psychosomatic research》2009,66(3):189-194
Objective
This study aimed for a comprehensive evaluation of major depressive disorder (MDD) in stable coronary heart disease (CHD) patients, excluding all other potential psychiatric comorbidities, and including associations with cardiac biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), troponin T (TnT), and amino-terminal pro-B-type brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP).Methods
Cross-sectional study of a consecutive series of 72 stable CHD outpatients (n=30 with MDD, n=42 with no psychiatric disorder). Psychiatric diagnoses were established by using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID), and psychiatric assessment was performed on Axis I, Axis III, Axis IV, and Axis V. Regression analyses were performed including CRP, TnT, and NT-proBNP as dependent variables, and MDD, demographics, and comorbid medical conditions as independent variables.Results
Stepwise multiple regression analyses showed a significant association between MDD and CRP (beta=0.262, P=.02), excluding all other demographic and medical variables from the models, except age (beta=0.266, P=.02). In addition, the results described a significant relationship between type II diabetes mellitus and TnT (beta=0.267, P=.02), and age and NT-proBNP levels (beta=0.374, P=.001).Conclusion
Major depressive disorder was associated with elevated CRP levels in a consecutive series of stable CHD patients. 相似文献8.
Hector M. González Wassim Tarraf William A. Vega 《Journal of psychiatric research》2010,44(15):1043-1051
Objectives
To determine the prevalence, age of onset, severity, associated disability, and treatment of major depression among United States ethnic groups, national survey data were analyzed.Methods
National probability samples of US household residents aged 18-years and older (n = 14,710) participated. The main outcomes were past-year and lifetime major depression (World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview). Major depression prevalence estimates, age of onset, severity, associated disability, and disaggregated treatment use (pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy) and treatment guideline concordant use were examined by ethnicity.Results
The prevalence of major depression was higher among US-born ethnic groups compared to foreign-born groups, but not among older adults. African Americans and Mexicans had significantly higher depression chronicity and significantly lower depression care use and guideline concordant use than Whites.Discussion
We provide concise and detailed guidance for better understanding the distribution of major depression and related mental healthcare inequalities and related morbidity. Inequalities in depression care primarily affecting Mexican Americans and African Americans may relate to excesses in major depression disease burden. 相似文献9.
Donna R. Addis Keely A. Muscatell 《Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior》2010,46(4):425-433
Introduction
Older adults often show sustained attention toward positive information and an improved memory for positive events. Little is known about the neural changes that may underlie these effects, although recent research has suggested that older adults may show differential recruitment of prefrontal regions during the successful encoding of emotional information. In the present study, effective connectivity analyses examined the network of regions that college-age and older adults recruited during the encoding of positive and negative images.Methods
Participants viewed positive and negative images while undergoing a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan. Structural equation modeling was used to compare young and older adults' connectivity among regions of the emotional memory network while they encoded negative or positive items.Results
Aging did not impact the connectivity among regions engaged during the encoding of negative information, but age differences did arise during the encoding of positive information. Most notably, in older adults, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and amygdala strongly influenced hippocampal activity during the encoding of positive information. By contrast, in young adults, a strong thalamic influence on hippocampal activity was evident during encoding.Conclusions
These findings suggest that older adults' “positivity effect” may arise from age-related changes in the interactions between affect-processing regions and the hippocampus during the encoding of positive information. 相似文献10.
Dempster M McCorry NK Brennan E Donnelly M Murray LJ Johnston BT 《Journal of psychosomatic research》2011,70(5):432-439
Objective
To examine the extent to which the illness perceptions of Oesophageal cancer survivors and the illness perceptions of their carers explain the survivors' levels of psychological distress (in terms of anxiety and depression symptoms) relative to demographic and biomedical variables and patients' coping strategies.Method
Everyone registered with the Oesophageal Patients' Association in the UK was mailed a questionnaire booklet containing questions about medical and demographic variables, the Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised, the Cancer Coping Questionnaire, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Patients were asked to pass a modified version of the Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised to someone they identified as a carer. Complete responses were received from 317 dyads.Results
Regression models indicated that the variables measured could explain 56% of the variance in anxiety and 54% of the variance in depression. Patients' illness perceptions explained the majority of this variance. Positive focus coping strategies were also found to be important in explaining psychological well-being. Some of the carers' illness perceptions made a significant contribution to the explanation of the patients' levels of psychological distress, and in some instances, carer perceptions were found to moderate the relationship between patients' perceptions and psychological distress.Conclusion
The findings suggest that cognition-based interventions could potentially be most effective in minimizing emotional distress among survivors of Oesophageal cancer. This study also shows that these interventions could usefully be delivered at the level of the patient-carer dyad. 相似文献11.
Manzar Ashtari Kelly Cervellione Babak A. Ardekani 《Journal of psychiatric research》2009,43(3):189-3851
Background
There is growing evidence that adolescence is a key period for neuronal maturation. Despite the high prevalence of marijuana use among adolescents and young adults in the United States and internationally, very little is known about its impact on the developing brain. Based on neuroimaging literature on normal brain developmental during adolescence, we hypothesized that individuals with heavy cannabis use (HCU) would have brain structure abnormalities in similar brain regions that undergo development during late adolescence, particularly the fronto-temporal connection.Method
Fourteen young adult males in residential treatment for cannabis dependence and 14 age-matched healthy male control subjects were recruited. Patients had a history of HCU throughout adolescence; 5 had concurrent alcohol abuse. Subjects underwent structural and diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. White matter integrity was compared between subject groups using voxelwise and fiber tractography analysis.Results
Voxelwise and tractography analyses revealed that adolescents with HCU had reduced fractional anisotropy, increased radial diffusivity, and increased trace in the homologous areas known to be involved in ongoing development during late adolescence, particularly in the fronto-temporal connection via arcuate fasciculus.Conclusions
Our results support the hypothesis that heavy cannabis use during adolescence may affect the trajectory of normal brain maturation. Due to concurrent alcohol consumption in five HCU subjects, conclusions from this study should be considered preliminary, as the DTI findings reported here may be reflective of the combination of alcohol and marijuana use. Further research in larger samples, longitudinal in nature, and controlling for alcohol consumption is needed to better understand the pathophysiology of the effect of cannabis on the developing brain. 相似文献12.
Atypical childhood absence epilepsy with preceding or simultaneous generalized tonic clonic seizures
Wakamoto H Fukuda M Shigemi R Murakami Y Motoki T Ohmori H Ishii E 《Brain & development》2011,33(7):589-592
Objective
Although the current diagnostic criteria for childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) do not specifically exclude children with generalized tonic clonic seizures (GTCSs) occurring before or early in the course of the active absence seizures, some workers have suggested that they should be interpreted as doing so. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical features between children with typical CAE and those with atypical CAE with preceding or simultaneous episodes of GTCS (atypical CAE-GTCS).Methods
A total of 11 patients with atypical CAE-GTCS and 30 with typical CAE were identified by using the current CAE criteria. Their clinical data, including age, sex, family history of epilepsy, personal history of febrile convulsions, onset ages of absences and GTCS, treatment, and outcome were statistically analyzed.Results
The two groups had the same mean onset age of absences (6 years), and their seizure outcome was comparably favorable in terms of both absences and GTCS. There was no significant difference in other clinical data except for the onset age of GTCS between the groups.Conclusion
These findings show the similarity in the main clinical features between the groups, suggesting that some patients with atypical CAE-GTCS may have a variant form of CAE with early onset of GTCS. 相似文献13.
Nakajima S Uchida H Suzuki T Watanabe K Hirano J Yagihashi T Takeuchi H Abe T Kashima H Mimura M 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2011,35(8):1983-1989
Rationale
Treatment guidelines for major depressive disorder (MDD) recommend a continuous use of antidepressants for several weeks, while recent meta-analyses indicate that antidepressant efficacy starts to appear within 2 weeks and early treatment nonresponse is a predictor of subsequent nonresponse.Objectives
We prospectively compared 8-week outcomes between switching antidepressants and maintaining the same antidepressant in early nonresponders, to generate a hypothesis on possible benefits of early switching strategy.Method
Patients with MDD without any treatment history for the current episode were included. When subjects failed to show an early response (i.e., ≥ 20% improvement in the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)) to the initial treatment with sertraline 50 mg at week 2, they were randomly divided into two groups; in the Continuing group, sertraline was titrated at 50-100 mg, whereas sertraline was switched to paroxetine 20-40 mg in the Switching group. A primary outcome measure was a response rate (i.e., ≥ 50% improvement in the MADRS) at week 8.Results
Among 132 subjects, 41 subjects showed early nonresponse. The Switching group (n = 20) showed a higher rate of responders than the Continuing group (n = 21) (75% vs. 19%: p = 0.002). Further, the Switching group was also superior in the rate of remitters (total score of ≤ 10 in the MADRS) (60% vs. 14%: p = 0.004) and continuous changes in the MADRS (19.0 vs. 7.5: p < 0.001).Conclusions
Our preliminary findings suggest that patients with MDD who fail to show early response to an initial antidepressant may derive benefits from the early switching antidepressants in the acute-phase treatment of depression. 相似文献14.
Florindo D Daniela C Giulio C Vittorio P Gabriella M Vincenzo T Eliana M Gerardo C Gennaro B 《Clinical neurology and neurosurgery》2011,113(4):308-310
Objective
To investigate the presence of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) in Cluster Headache (CH) patients compared to headache-free controls.Design and setting
Cross-sectional case-control study of CH patients presenting at tertiary headache centers over the period January-December 2008.Patients and participants
Fifty consecutive patients (6 women and 44 men) of mean age of 39.7 year (standard deviation 10.9) with episodic or chronic CH diagnosed according to ICHD-II criteria and 50 headache-free subjects matched by age and sex were recruited.Results
None of the CH patients had RLS. Six (12%) headache-free controls had RLS.Conclusions
Our data indicate no probable relationship between CH and RLS. However, since both conditions have a circadian rhythm and are associated with altered melatonin secretion, we conjecture that reduced nocturnal melatonin in CH likely allows sustained dopaminergic activity which could be protective against RLS in CH patients. 相似文献15.
Sabra S. Inslicht Shannon E. McCaslin Thomas J. Metzler Clare Henn-Haase Stacey L. Hart Thomas C. Neylan Charles R. Marmar 《Journal of psychiatric research》2010,44(1):22-50
Background
Family history of psychiatric and substance use disorders has been associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in cross-sectional studies.Method
Using a prospective design, we examined the relationships of family history of psychiatric and substance use disorders to posttraumatic stress symptoms in 278 healthy police recruits. During academy training, recruits were interviewed on family and personal psychopathology, prior cumulative civilian trauma exposure, and completed self-report questionnaires on nonspecific symptoms of distress and alcohol use. Twelve months after commencement of active duty, participants completed questionnaires on critical incident exposure over the previous year, peritraumatic distress to the worst critical incident during this time, and posttraumatic stress symptoms.Results
A path model indicated: (1) family loading for mood and anxiety disorders had an indirect effect on posttraumatic stress symptoms at 12 months that was mediated through peritraumatic distress to the officer’s self-identified worst critical incident, (2) family loading for substance use disorders also predicted posttraumatic stress symptoms at 12 months and this relationship was mediated through peritraumatic distress.Conclusion
These findings support a model in which family histories of psychopathology and substance abuse are pre-existing vulnerability factors for experiencing greater peritraumatic distress to critical incident exposure which, in turn, increases the risk for development of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Replication in other first responders, military and civilians will be important to determine generalizability of these findings. 相似文献16.
Rafael G. Karam Carlos A.I. Salgado Marcelo M. Victor Eduardo S. Vitola Gregory D. Zeni Paulo Belmonte-de-Abreu Eugenio H. Grevet 《Journal of psychiatric research》2009,43(7):697-701
Objective
The requirement in classificatory systems that some impairment from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms starts before 7 years of age (age of onset of impairment criteria - AOC) has been harshly criticized. Although there is evidence that late-onset ADHD is a valid diagnosis, little is known about the role of age of onset of impairment on the clinical profile of adult patients.Methods
The diagnoses of 349 adults with ADHD followed DSM-IV criteria. ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) were evaluated with the K-SADS-E, and other comorbidities with the SCID-IV and the MINI. Subjects were divided in early and late-onset groups (age of onset of impairment between 7 and 12 years old). The effect of age of onset over clinical and demographic characteristics was tested by regression models.Results
Late-onset subjects were diagnosed later (P = 0.04), had a lower frequency of problems with authority and discipline (P = 0.004), and lower scores in SNAP-IV (P < 0.001) and in Barkley’s scale for problems in areas of life activities (P = 0.03). On the other hand, late-onset patients presented a higher prevalence of comorbid general anxiety disorder (GAD) (P = 0.01). Both groups had a similar profile in the remaining comorbidities and sociodemographic characteristics.Conclusions
This study provides initial evidence that adults with late-onset ADHD have less severity, lower frequency of externalizing symptoms and increased comorbidity with GAD, but similar profile in other comorbidities. In addition, the data suggest that late-onset patients have a higher probability of delayed diagnosis despite the significant impairment of their condition. 相似文献17.
Shin Ogino Seiya MiyamotoTomomi Tenjin Rei KitajimaKazuaki Ojima Nobumi Miyake Yasuyuki FunamotoJun Arai Sachiko TsukaharaYukie Ito Masanori TadokoroKiriko Anai Shinobu TatsunamiHiroshi Kubota Yasuhiro KanedaNoboru Yamaguchi 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2011,35(1):78-83
Background
The high use of long-term antiparkinsonian anticholinergic drugs with antipsychotics has been identified as an important issue in the treatment of schizophrenia in Japan. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of gradual discontinuation of biperiden, an anticholinergic drug, on cognitive function and quality of life (QOL) in schizophrenia.Methods
Thirty-four schizophrenic patients who had received a second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) with concomitant biperiden for at least 3 months were enrolled. Before and 4 weeks after discontinuation of biperiden, the Japanese version of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS-J) and the Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale (SQLS-J) were administered. Clinical evaluation also included the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). To compare the practice effect on BACS-J, 10 chronic patients with schizophrenia were assessed without tapering biperiden.Results
Biperiden was discontinued safely in most patients, and no emergent extrapyramidal symptoms were observed. Significant improvements were shown in attention, processing speed, and composite score, as measured by the BACS-J without practice effect. In addition, the psychosocial condition score on the SQLS-J and the general psychopathology score on the PANSS significantly improved after biperiden discontinuation.Conclusion
Discontinuation of long-term biperiden use may be warranted in patients with schizophrenia treated with SGAs, as it may improve cognitive function, subjective QOL, and psychiatric symptoms with no significant adverse effects. 相似文献18.
Objectives
Suicidal ideation is an important phase in the suicidal process, preceding suicide attempts and completed suicide. Weak social ties and low support from friends or relatives have been significantly associated with suicidal ideation. This study investigated the relationship between social support and suicidal ideation among young and middle-aged adults in Korea.Methods
The Seoul Citizens Health and Social Indicators Survey conducted face-to-face interviews with 10,922 self-reporting adults. Questions were asked to assess suicidal ideation, and several questions focused on social support, social networks, health behaviors, and health status.Results
The strongest association in middle-aged adults was that between suicidal ideation and lack of social support. Poor emotional support significantly influenced suicidal ideation in middle-aged men, whereas lack of instrumental support significantly affected suicidal thoughts in middle-aged women, after controlling for sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, and health status. High alcohol use, functional limitations, and stress were related to suicidal thoughts in young adults, whereas depressive feelings had the strongest association with suicidal ideation in middle-aged women.Conclusions
Social support is a crucial independent correlate of suicidal ideation, especially in middle-aged adults in an urban community setting. This study shows that it is essential to provide gender-specific social support to prevent suicide. 相似文献19.
Chan A Cheung YF Yeung MA Yeung J Chung TH Tsang KL Chan J Lau C Kwan P Kuo SH Mok V 《Clinical neurology and neurosurgery》2011,113(7):538-540
Objective
Development of wearing off (WO) often goes unnoticed for both patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and physicians due to the complexity of this phenomenon. A brief 9-symptom WO questionnaire (WOQ-9) was recently found to be highly sensitive in its detection. We aimed to validate a Chinese version WOQ-9 (CWOQ-9) among Chinese patients with PD.Methods
We recruited 101 literate Chinese PD patients among 4 different neurology or movement disorders clinics in Hong Kong to participate in this study by completing the CWOQ-9. Clinical judgment by the specialists was considered the gold standard for diagnosing WO.Results
The mean age (±SD) of the patients was 61 (±9) years and 35 (34.7%) of them were female. The disease duration was 7.4 (±5.4) years and 69 (68.3%) of them were diagnosed clinically to have WO by the specialists. The positive and negative predictive values, sensitivity and specificity of CWOQ-9 were 86%, 71%, 87%, and 69% respectively. The area under curve (AUC) was 0.78 (p < 0.001).Conclusion
This simple patient questionnaire is a valid tool for the detection of WO among Chinese PD patients. 相似文献20.
N.M.-C. Glangeaud-Freudenthal A.-L. Sutter A.-C. Thieulin V. Dagens-LafontM.-A. Zimmermann A. DebourgB. Massari O. CazasR. Cammas C. RainelliF. Poinso M. MaronS. Nezelof P.-Y. Ancel B. Khoshnood 《European psychiatry》2011,26(4):215-223