槲皮素抗肾小管上皮细胞转分化的机制研究

目的探讨槲皮素对转化生长因子β（TGF-β）诱导大鼠肾小管上皮细胞-肌成纤维细胞转分化（TEMT）的影响。方法TGF-β刺激体外培养的正常大鼠肾小管上皮细胞株（NRK5ZE）,同时以不同浓度槲皮素进行干预,细胞免疫化学染色法和PCR方法检测α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）及E-钙黏蛋白（E-cadherin）的表达。结果TGF-β刺激导致α-SMA表达增加,不同浓度槲皮素作用后,可减轻TGF-β诱导的α-SMA表达,上调E-cadherin的表达（P〈0．05）。结论槲皮素对TGF-β刺激的NRK52E细胞转分化有明显抑制作用。     

丹酚酸B对TGF-β1诱导的人肾小管细胞转分化的影响

目的:探讨丹酚酸B对转化生长因子(TGF)-β1诱导的肾小管上皮细胞—间充质细胞转分化的影响?方法:将体外培养的人近端肾小管上皮细胞系(HK-2)细胞分为3组:①对照组:未加入丹酚酸B或者TGF-β1;②TGF-β1组:在细胞培养基中加入TGF-β1(浓度为5 ng/ml);③丹酚酸B+TGF-β1组:在细胞培养基中分别加入丹酚酸B和TGF-β1(浓度为5 ng/ml),按丹酚酸B的浓度分为A?B?C?D 4个亚组:丹酚酸B的浓度分别为A组:0.1 μmol/L,B组:1 μmol/L,C组:10 μmol/L,D组:100 μmol/L?72 h后,采用倒置相差显微镜观察细胞形态学变化;采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和免疫细胞化学染色检测细胞α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)和E-cadherin的表达情况?结果:TGF-β1组HK-2细胞从原有典型的上皮细胞形态转变为长梭形肌成纤维细胞形态;胞浆内大量表达α-SMA,同时E-cadherind的表达明显减少;不同剂量丹酚酸B治疗可减轻TGF-β1诱导的细胞形态学改变和胞浆内α-SMA的表达,同时E-cadherind的表达得到明显恢复,且呈剂量依赖性?结论:丹酚酸B具有阻止慢性肾脏疾病进行性发展的潜能,而这一作用与其能有效阻止TGF-β1诱导的HK-2细胞转分化有关?     

人参皂甙Rb1对转化生长因子-β1诱导的肾小管上皮细胞p47phox的表达及细胞外基质的影响

目的探讨人参皂甙Rb1（G-Rb1）对转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）诱导的肾小管上皮细胞（NRK52E）氧化应激的作用及对细胞外基质（ECM）的影响。方法将体外培养的正常大鼠肾小管上皮细胞（NRK52E）分为空白对照组,10ng／mLTGF-β1刺激组,不同剂量的G-Rb1干预组（在10ng／mL TGF-β1基础上分别加入10ng／mL、20ng／mL、40ng／mLG-Rb1）,40ng／mLG-Rb1组,100nmol／L NADPH氧化酶抑制剂DPI组。采用流式细胞仪检测细胞内活性氧（ROS）水平;应用免疫组化技术、Western blot检测NADPH氧化酶亚单位p47phox的表达;实时荧光定量PCR（RT-PCR）、酶联免疫吸附法观察细胞外基质主要成分胶原Ⅰ（Col-Ⅰ）和纤维粘连蛋白（FN）的变化。结果与正常对照组相比,TGF-β1可显著增强NRK52E细胞内ROS水平和p47phox的表达,Col-Ⅰ和FN的含量也显著增加（P〈0．05）。G-Rb1和DPI明显抑制了TGF-β1诱导的细胞内ROS的产生和p47phox的表达,同时降低了Col-Ⅰ和FN的水平（P〈0．05）。结论TGF-β1可以诱导NRK52E细胞ROS和p47phox水平的升高,刺激细胞外基质成分Col-Ⅰ和FN的形成。G-Rb1呈剂量依赖性地抑制了TGF-β1刺激的NRK52E细胞内的ROS水平的升高和细胞外基质的增加。其作用机制可能与降低p47phox的表达有关。     

红景天甙对低氧诱导肾小管上皮细胞转分化的作用研究

目的 观察红景天甙(salidroside,Sal)对氯化钴(cobaltous chloride,CoCl_2·6H_2O,Co)诱导的低氧状态下正常大鼠近端肾小管上皮细胞(normal rat kidney tubular epithelia cell,NRK52E)转分化的影响并分析其可能的机制.方法 体外培养NRK52E细胞,分为正常对照组,氯化钴低氧组,10、50、100 μmol/L不同浓度红景天甙组.观察低氧标志蛋白低氧诱导因子-1α(hypoxia inducible foctor-1α,HIF-1α)的表达.倒置相差显微镜观察细胞形态变化;荧光免疫及细胞免疫法检测NRK52E细胞α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA)表达情况;RT-PCR检测NRK52E细胞α-SMA、转化生长因子-β_1(transforming growth factor-β_1,TGF-β_1)mRNA的表达;Western blot蛋白印迹检测HIF-1α和α-SMA蛋白的表达;酶联免疫吸附法检测细胞上清液胶原Ⅰ(collagen Ⅰ,Col-Ⅰ)和纤维粘连蛋白(fibronectin,FN)的含量.结果 100 μmol/L Co诱导NRK52E细胞表达HIF-1α.Co组细胞明显肥大、拉长,呈肌成纤维细胞外观.不同浓度Sal组细胞形态介于正常与Co组之间.CO组α-SMA基因、蛋白和TGF-β_1 mRNA表达量较对照组升高(P＜0.05),不同浓度Sal组α-SMA基因、蛋白和TGF-β1 mRNA表达量较Co组减少(P＜0.05).Co组细胞上清液Col-Ⅰ和FN的含量较对照组增加(P＜0.05),不同浓度Sal组Col-Ⅰ和FN的含量明显下降(P＜0.05),以高剂量组最为明显.结论 Sal可在一定程度上改善Co诱导的低氧状态和细胞转分化,减少细胞外基质的增加.其机制可能是通过抑制TGF-β_1和HIF-1α的表达实现的.     

转化生长因子β1／整合素连接激酶信号通路在大鼠肾小管上皮细胞转分化中的作用及大黄素对其的干预效应

目的：研究转化生长因子β1整合素连接激酶（transforming growth factor-betal／integrin-linked kinase,TGF-β1／ILK）信号通路在白细胞介素β1（interleukin-1β,IL-1β）诱导的大鼠肾小管上皮细胞-肌成纤维细胞转分化（tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation,TEMT）中的作用,并探讨大黄素是否是通过抑制TGF-β1/ILK信号通路而影响TEMT。 方法：以雄外培养的正常大鼠肾小管上皮细胞株（NRK52E）为研究对象,分为空白对照组、大黄素对照组、IL-1β诱导组、大黄素阻断组、TGF-β1Ⅰ型受体阻断剂（SB431542）阻断组、大黄素和SB431542共同阻断组、大黄素预处理组和大黄素逆转组。NRK52E细胞在上述处理因素下培养48h后,在倒置相差显微镜下观察细胞形态变化;免疫组化双标法检测细胞表型标志物α平滑肌肌动蛋白（alpha-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA）和E-钙黏连素（E-cadherin）的表达;免疫组化单染法检测NRK52E细胞TGF-β1和ILK的表达,采用图像分析软件定量分析免疫组化染色结果;酶联免疫吸附测定法测定NRK52E细胞分泌的纤维连接蛋白（fibronectin,FN）含量。结果：与空白对照组比较,IL-1β诱导TEMT的同时TGF-β1和ILK表达增加（P〈0．05）,大黄素可明显抑制IL-1β诱导的上述变化（P〈0．05）。阻断TGF-β1信号通路后,IL-1β诱导的TEMT明显受抑,且ILK表达减少。与大黄素阻断剂组比较,大黄素预处理不能预防IL-1β诱导的TEMT,大黄素不能逆转IL-1β诱导的TEMT。相关分析显示,TGF-β1表达与α-SMA、FN、ILK表达呈正相关,与E-钙黏连素表达呈负相关。ILK表达与α-SMA、FN表达呈正相关,与E-钙黏连素表达呈负相关。结论：1L-1β通过激活TGF-β1／ILK信号通路蛋白而诱导TEMT,大黄素通过抑制TGF-β1／ILK信号通路蛋白而抑制IL-1β诱导TEMT。     

抗增殖蛋白抑制转化生长因子-β1诱导的肾脏成纤维细胞增殖和表型改变

目的 研究抗增殖蛋白（prohibitin,PHB）在肾间质纤维化发生中的作用。方法（1）检测48例原发性肾小球肾炎患儿肾组织中PHB蛋白表达,并比较其与肾小管间质损伤程度的相关性。（2）观察PHB在大鼠肾脏成纤维细胞（NRK-49F）中亚细胞定位,以Western印迹和RT-PCR测定NRK-49F受到转化生长因子B1（TGF-β1）刺激后PHB表达的变化。（3）构建PHB表达质粒并转染,观察PHB对NRK-49F细胞周期以及表达α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）蛋白质和mRNA的影响。结果 （1）PHB蛋白主要表达于肾间质细胞和肾小管上皮细胞的胞质,随肾小管间质损伤程度加重而逐渐减弱（组间比较,均P〈0．01）,PHB表达量与肾小管间质损伤程度显著负相关（r=-0．802,P〈0．01）。（2）激光共焦显微镜下见PHB主要分布于NRK49F的细胞质,细胞核亦有较弱表达。TGF-β1刺激后PHB蛋白和mRNA表达均下调,呈现时间和剂量依赖关系（组间比较,P〈0．01）。（3）成功构建PHB真核表达质粒,转染48h细胞中PHB蛋白量升高约2．54倍（与未转染组比较,P〈0．01）。（4）转染PHB基因明显抑制TGF—β1所诱导的细胞增殖,使更多的细胞处于G0／G1期（与TGF-β1组比较,P〈0．01）,而对未受刺激的细胞无影响（P〉0．05）。（5）转染PHB基因明显抑制TGF—β1所诱导的α-SMA蛋白质和mRNA表达（与TGF-β1组比较,P〈0．01）,而对α-SMA基础表达无影响（与TGF-β1组比较,P〉0．05）。结论 PHB在肾组织中的表达水平可以反映肾小管间质损伤程度．外源性PHB显著抑制TGF-β1诱导的成纤维细胞增殖和表型改变。     

肝细胞生长因子对转化生长因子诱导肾小管上皮细胞转分化的影响

目的应用转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)诱导肾小管上皮细胞肌纤维母细胞转分化,研究肝细胞生长因子(HGF)对肾小管上皮细胞的表型重塑的作用和机制。方法在正常大鼠肾小管上皮细胞(NRK52E细胞株)培养液中分别加入TGF-β1及HGF,应用倒置相差显微镜、扫描电镜观察细胞形态变化;免疫组织化学方法检测肌纤维母细胞特异性标志物α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的表达;ELISA法分析测定培养细胞上清液中纤维连结蛋白(FN)的含量;RT-PCR检测结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)mRNA表达。结果1TGF-β1诱导肾小管上皮细胞从原有典型的上皮细胞形态转变为长梭形肌成纤维细胞样形态;α-SMA的表达、上清液FN含量、细胞CTGFmRNA表达明显增加(P<0.05)。2单纯HGF对细胞形态学、α-SMA的表达及FN含量与空白对照组无明显影响;不同浓度HGF组的CTGFmRNA表达较空白对照组均增加(P<0.05)。3HGF能抑制TGF-β1诱导的NRK52E细胞形态学改变;α-SMA的表达、FN水平均比诱导组TGF-β1明显下降(P<0.05);HGF抑制了TGF-β1诱导的CT-GFmRNA表达(P<0.05)。结论HGF能够负性调控TGF-β1诱导的肾小管上皮细胞肌纤维母细胞转分化作用,减少FN分泌;HGF对TEMT的负性调节作用可能是通过减少CTGF表达来实现的。     

吡格列酮对肾小管上皮细胞转分化及CTGF表达的影响

目的 探讨吡格列酮能否负性调节转化生长因子β(TGF-β)诱导的肾小管上皮细胞转分化为肌成纤维细胞(TEMT),以及抑制TGF-β下游介质结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)表达,以阐明吡格列酮抗肾纤维化的作用及机制.方法 将体外培养的正常大鼠肾小管上皮细胞(NRK52E)分为空白对照组、TGF-β3 ng/mL诱导组、TGF-β3 ng/mL+DMSO组、不同剂量吡格列酮阻断组.应用倒置相差显微镜观察细胞形态,免疫组织化学、RT-PCR方法 定性及定量检测肌成纤维细胞特异性标志物α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA);RT-PCR方法 定量检测CTGFmRNA的表达;ELISA法测定培养细胞上清液中Ⅲ型胶原的含量.结果 ①TGF-β诱导组细胞从原来典型的上皮细胞形态转变为长梭形肌成纤维细胞形态;免疫组织化学染色见大量α-SMA阳性细胞,与对照组相比,α-SMAmRNA表达量增加(P＜0.05);CTGF mRNA表达量增加(P＜0.05);细胞培养上清液中Ⅲ型胶原的含量增加(P＜0.05).②吡格列酮阻断组明显抑制TGF-β诱导的NRK52E细胞形态学改变;各剂量组均能抑制TGF-β诱导的α-SMA mRNA、CTGF mRNA表达及Ⅲ型胶原分泌(P＜0.05),且呈剂量依赖(P＜0.05);③相关分析显示,CTGF mRNA与α-SMA mRNA、Ⅲ型胶原的分泌呈正相关(r=0.975,0.988,P均＜0.01).α-SMA mRNA与Ⅲ型胶原的分泌呈正相关(r=0.952,P＜0.01).结论 吡格列酮能够抑制TGF-β诱导的TEMT及Ⅲ型胶原的分泌,对肾间质纤维化具有负性调节作用;吡格列酮抑制TGF-β诱导的CTGF表达可能是其负性调节TEMT的机制之一.     

晚期糖基化终产物对高糖诱导NRK-52E细胞的转分化作用

目的：探讨晚期糖基化终产物（AGEs）对高糖诱导大鼠肾小管导管上皮细胞株NRK-52E的转分化干预作用。方法：大鼠肾小管导管上皮细胞株设空白组（不给葡萄糖）、高糖组（25mmol/L葡萄糖）、AGEs干预组（100mg/LAGEs）、高糖AGEs干预组（100mg/LAGEs＋25mmol/L葡萄糖）,培养72h后,用Westernbolt检测转化因子β1（TGF-β1）、Ⅰ型胶原、金属蛋白酶2（MMP2）、α平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）及甲状旁腺素相关肽（PTHrP）在NRK-52E细胞的表达,活性氧（ROS）含量应用CM2H2DCFDA试剂盒检测。结果：高浓度葡萄糖上调TGF-β1、Ⅰ型胶原、MMP2、α-SMA以及PTHrP表达,AGEs显著上调高浓度葡萄糖状态下TGF-β1、Ⅰ型胶原、MMP2、α-SMA和PTHrP表达,提高ROS含量。结论：AGEs可以促进高浓度葡萄糖诱导肾小管导管上皮细胞转分化。     

地灵丹汤对单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠模型肾间质纤维化的防治作用

目的：研究中药复方地灵丹汤对单侧输尿管梗阻（unilateral ureteral obstruction，UUO）致肾间质纤维化模型大鼠肾间质纤维化的防治作用及其可能机制。 方法：将60只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、依那普利组及地灵丹组。采用UUO法建立肾间质纤维化大鼠模型，观察血尿素氮、血清肌酐和24h尿蛋白定量及肾组织病理改变，并采用免疫组织化学法检测转化生长因子β1（transforming growth factor-β1，TGF-β1）、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-smooth muscle actin，α-SMA）、纤维连接蛋白（fibronectin，FN）及层黏连蛋白（laminin，LN）的表达。 结果：第7天模型组肾间质大量炎症细胞浸润及胶原表达，TGF-β1、FN和LN表达面积百分率较假手术组明显增加（P＜0．05）；地灵丹组间质纤维化面积较模型组减少（P＜0．05）。第14天地灵丹组和依那普利组肾间质TGF-β1、α-SMA、FN和LN表达面积百分率较模型组减少（P＜0．05），BUN、SCr和24h尿蛋白无明显差异。第21天地灵丹组SCr、肾间质纤维化和TGF-β1表达面积百分率较依那普利组和模型组下降（P＜0．05）。 结论：地灵丹能减轻单侧输尿管梗阻模型大鼠的蛋白尿和肾间质纤维化，抑制TGF-β1、α-SMA、FN和LN的表达。在较长时间应用后，地灵丹对模型大鼠的肾功能保护作用优于依那普利。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.