小鼠肝癌总RNA转染的树突状细胞体外诱导特异性细胞毒T淋巴细胞的研究

目的 :探讨小鼠骨髓树突状细胞 (dendriticcell,DC)体外经Hepa 1 6肝癌细胞株总RNA转染后 ,对特异性细胞毒T淋巴细胞 (CTL)的诱导作用。方法 :自小鼠骨髓分离DC前体细胞 ,经GM CSF IL 4培养、扩增 ;制备Hepa 1 6小鼠肝癌细胞株总RNA ,体外转染DC ,检测DC诱导同基因型小鼠T细胞增殖及其特异性CTL的反应能力。结果 :经Hepa 1 6肝癌细胞总RNA转染的DC ,其组织相容性分子 (MHC I、II)及共刺激分子 (B7 1 、B7 2 )表达明显增高 ,刺激同基因型小鼠T细胞增殖能力增强 ,且能诱导Hepa 1 6特异性CTL。结论 :以肝癌总RNA转染DC ,构造肝癌疫苗为肝癌的临床治疗提供了新的策略。     

肿瘤抗原特异性T细胞受体改造的T细胞研究现状及应用前景

近年来,肿瘤免疫治疗在临床取得了令人振奋的疗效,给肿瘤治疗带来了新的希望。T细胞受体改造的T细胞(T cell receptor engineered T cells,TCR-T)过继疗法是将肿瘤抗原特异性TCR基因导入患者T细胞中,在体外扩增后回输到患者体内进行靶向抗肿瘤治疗的技术。一些临床试验已经证实了该疗法具有一定的可行性和发展潜力。随着基因测序和基因编辑等技术的发展,TCR-T细胞疗法也在抗肿瘤治疗中取得了一些新的进展。本文将对TCR-T细胞免疫治疗的研究现状、进展、临床试验效果及存在的问题和发展前景进行综述。     

OY-TES-1诱导的树突状细胞对T淋巴细胞的增殖活化作用

目的通过癌-睾丸抗原OY-TES-1致敏树突状细胞(DC),研究其对T淋巴细胞的增殖活化作用。方法体外诱导培养人外周血DC,观察其细胞形态并经流式细胞仪进行表型鉴定;分别用OY-TES-1融合蛋白(OY-MBP)、麦芽糖结合蛋白(MBP)和增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)致敏DC,与T淋巴细胞共同培养。CCK-8法检测不同蛋白致敏DC后T淋巴细胞的增殖,ELISA检测致敏DC与T淋巴细胞共同培养后上清液IFN-γ的含量。结果诱导出高表达HLA-DR、CD86、CD83和CD80并具有典型细胞特征的DC。经不同蛋白致敏的DC均能促进T淋巴细胞的增殖活化,其中OY-MBP致敏的DC促进T淋巴细胞增殖的能力明显强于其他各组(P<0.05),IFN-γ分泌量也明显高于其他各组(P<0.05)。结论 DC在体外经OY-TES-1融合蛋白致敏后,可显著促进T淋巴细胞的增殖活化。     

超抗原SEB和SEC诱导的树突状细胞对T细胞的影响

目的：阐明超抗原葡萄球菌肠毒素B（SEB）和葡萄球菌肠毒素C（SEC）诱导树突状细胞(dendritic cells，DC)促进T细胞活化、增殖、分泌及其对肝癌HcaF细胞的杀伤作用。 方法： 以SEB或SEC诱导DC刺激T细胞，免疫组化染色检测DC表达S-100蛋白；流式细胞术检测DC表达I-Eκ和CD80分子水平，检测T细胞受刺激后CD69的表达、IL-2和TNF-α的生成；用MTT法检测T细胞增殖及其对HcaF细胞的杀伤效应。 结果： 体外试验表明，DC高表达S-100蛋白，SEB或SEC诱导的DC高表达I-Eκ和CD80分子；SEB或SEC能诱导DC促进T细胞活化，其浓度以100 μg/L时作用最强；SEB或SEC能诱导DC促进T细胞增殖、大量分泌IL-2和TNF-α, 被激活的T细胞对HcaF细胞的杀伤率高达83.2%±12.8%，明显优于肿瘤抗原诱导的DC所激活的T细胞对HcaF细胞的杀伤作用；SEB与SEC的诱导作用无明显差异。 结论： 超抗原SEB或SEC能诱导DC显著增强T细胞活化、增殖、分泌和杀伤肿瘤细胞，并优于肿瘤抗原的诱导作用，SEB和SEC的作用相似，为超抗原SEB或SEC与DC联合应用于临床肿瘤的治疗提供了证据。     

冻融抗原负载树突状细胞诱导细胞毒性T淋巴细胞特异性杀伤急性白血病细胞的实验研究

我们应用基因重组人白介素 4 (rhIL 4 ) ,基因重组人粒 /单细胞集落刺激因子 (rhGM CSF)联合培养体系自健康志愿者骨髓单个核细胞诱导产生DC ,使其负载急性髓系白血病 (AML)细胞冻融抗原 ,体外诱导细胞毒性T细胞 (CTL) ,观察负载AML细胞冻融抗原后DC的状态对所激发的T淋巴细胞表型及功能的影响及CTL对AML细胞特异性杀伤活性。我们发现负载AML冻融抗原后DC的CD1a、CD83、CD86、CD11C、HLA DR表达率为较培养前明显增高 (P <0 .0 1) ,且负载AML冻融抗原的DC诱导的CTL中CD3 CD8 T细胞比例 ,较诱导前明显增高 (P <0 .0 1) ,而负载AML细胞冻融抗原的DC诱导CTL对AML细胞有较强的杀伤作用 ,明显强于加或不加IL 2培养的T细胞对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,而对K5 6 2细胞无明显的杀伤活性。通过以上实验我们认为经rhGM CSF ,rhIL 4培养产生的DC为CD14CD1a DC ,能诱导CTL对AML细胞产生明显的特异性杀伤作用 ,另外 ,负载AML细胞冻融抗原DC诱导的CTL中CD3 CD8 T细胞比例明显增高 ,提示CD8 T细胞在抗肿瘤免疫中具有极其重要的作用。     

转基因表达HBV抗原特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞受体

目的 通过逆转录病毒介导HBV抗原特异性细胞毒性T细胞(CTL)的T细胞受体(TCR)转基因表达,初步观察其结合活性.方法 从HLA-A2阳性急性乙肝患者外周血中诱导、分选、克隆和扩增HBV抗原特异性CTL;提取细胞RNA,用RT-PCR、5'-RACE和OVER-LAP PCR等方法获取TCR的α和β链编码基因;构建TCR重组逆转录病毒,介导特异性TCR分别在人Jurkat T细胞和HLA-A2阳性健康人CD8 T淋巴细胞上表达.结果 从1例HLA-A2阳性急性乙肝患者样本中分别获得了2组TCR Vα、Vβ配对,分别命名为α21β13、α15β13,包装的重组逆转录病毒滴度为(1.5 ～5.0)×105 IU/mL,用针对目标TCR的特异性Vβ链抗体(抗Vβ13 TCR-PE)和HLA-A2限制性表位特异性五聚体(pentamer)进行免疫荧光染色,重组TCR在T细胞表面获得表达:其中在Jurkat细胞上转入的Vβ13链表达细胞占1.06％ ～2.25％,在HLA-A2阳性健康人T细胞上Vβ13阳性细胞和pentamer阳性细胞分别占到1.03％ ～2.06％和1.05％ ～1.12％,在HLA-A2阴性健康人T细胞上Vβ13阳性细胞和pentamer 阳性细胞均低于0.05％.结论 通过逆转录病毒介导可以使HBV特异性CTL TCR获得转基因表达,具有结合HLA-A2限制性表位的活性.     

早期凋亡的T淋巴细胞诱导生成耐受性树突状细胞的实验研究

目的： 探讨早期凋亡T淋巴细胞的抑制性免疫调节性能。方法： 采用定时紫外线照射诱导T淋巴细胞早期凋亡，深低温反复冻融获得坏死T淋巴细胞。体外诱导、纯化并培养骨髓源性不成熟树突状细胞（imDCs）,imDCs分别和早期凋亡或坏死T淋巴细胞共培养。用流式细胞仪、双夹心ELISA、［³H］掺入混合淋巴细胞反应等方法分析imDCs吞噬早期凋亡或坏死T淋巴细胞后，在不同处理条件下，MHC-Ⅱ、CD40、CD80、CD86的表达水平、分泌IL-12 p70以及刺激T淋巴细胞增殖能力的差异。结果： imDCs和坏死细胞碎片共培养后明显趋于成熟，其MHCⅡ和CD40、CD80、CD86的表达水平显著上调；分泌较高水平的IL-12 p70；和同种异体处女T淋巴细胞混合培养后显著刺激处女T淋巴细胞增殖。 imDCs和早期凋亡的T淋巴细胞共培养后,其MHC-Ⅱ、CD40、CD80和CD86的表达维持较低水平；仅分泌较低水平IL-12 p70；和同种异体处女T淋巴细胞混合培养后不能刺激淋巴细胞增殖。此外，早期凋亡的T淋巴细胞孵育上清显著抑制了吞噬坏死细胞碎片后的imDCs表达共刺激分子CD40、CD80、CD86。当TGFβ₁中和抗体和早期凋亡T淋巴细胞同加入imDCs，在表达MHC-Ⅱ、CD40、CD80、CD86，分泌IL-12 p70，刺激处女T淋巴细胞增殖等方面和吞噬坏死T淋巴细的DCs相比无显著差异。结论： 早期凋亡T淋巴细胞通过释放免疫抑制性细胞因子TGFβ₁，诱导imDCs呈现出耐受性DCs（TolDCs）的免疫表型及生物学特征，从而发挥抑制性免疫调节作用。     

转染FasL基因树突状细胞诱导异基因小鼠脾脏T细胞凋亡的研究

目的 制备稳定表达FasL蛋白的小鼠骨髓源树突状细胞(dendritic cell,DC)并探讨其诱导异基因小鼠脾脏T细胞凋亡的机理.方法 采用培养基选择法体外培养小鼠骨髓源DC,脂质体法转染FasL基因至小鼠成熟DC,实时定量PCR检测转染前后FasL mRNA的表达,流式细胞仪和免疫蛋白印迹检测转染前后FasL蛋白的表达.异系小鼠静脉分别输注未转染DC、转染空质粒DC和转染FasL的DC,7 d后TdT介导的原位末端标记法(TUNEL)和流式细胞仪检测脾脏中T淋巴细胞凋亡.结果 体外培养可获得成熟的小鼠骨髓源DC,转染FasL基因的DC较未转染DC FasL mRNA和FasL蛋白表达明显升高.对脾脏中T淋巴细胞凋亡的检测发现,转染FasL的DC组凋亡指数(11.67±1.53)明显高于未转染DC组(2.67±0.58)和转染空质粒组(3.33±0.58),P＜0.01.结论 培养基选择法可收获大量骨髓源DC,脂质体转染FasL基因至小鼠骨髓源DC,可以使DC高表达FasL蛋白.转染FasL的DC输注能明显诱导异系小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞凋亡.     

树突状细胞诱导高聚金葡素刺激的淋巴细胞体外高效特异性杀瘤作用

目的体外诱导高效特异的抗肿瘤免疫反应,以期制备新型特异性肿瘤免疫治疗效应细胞。方法分离健康人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),将其中非贴壁细胞(淋巴细胞)加高聚金葡素(HAS)培养(称HASL);贴壁细胞经IL-4和GM-CSF联合刺激诱导树突状细胞(DC)分化。DC用人肺癌细胞系GLC-82的可溶性抗原致敏,并用TNFα和PGE2促进DC的抗原递呈能力。培养第10天,将DC与经或未经HAS刺激的淋巴细胞混合培养4h,分别称混合培养细胞为DC-HASL和DC-L。将DC-HASL、HASL及DC-L作为效应细胞,肿瘤细胞作为靶细胞,用MTT法检测细胞毒活性。细胞表型用流式细胞仪分析。结果DC-HASL对GLC-82细胞具有高效而特异性的杀伤作用(杀伤率100％);对另一肺癌细胞系A549细胞的杀伤率也达94.2％;对大肠癌细胞moser和乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的杀伤率分别为73.5％和71.2％。而HASL和DC-L对A549、GLC-82、moser和MCF-7细胞的杀伤率则分别为48％、63％、60％、45％和42.1％、46.4％、39％、25.6％。淋巴细胞经HAS刺激后,CD3＋CD56＋细胞的比例大幅度增加。结论HAS在体外刺激淋巴细胞增殖产生的HASL对肿瘤细胞有一定的杀伤作用,无明显特异性。而DC-HASL则可高效特异性地杀伤GLC-82细胞,对其它肿瘤细胞也有不同程度的杀伤作用。另外,其对同类肿瘤细胞的杀伤率明显高于不同来源的肿瘤细胞。DC-L的杀伤力则明显低于DC-HASL。以上结果提示,将DC与HAS结合可诱导产生高效特异性的抗肿瘤免疫作用,为利用同种异体效应细胞进行肿瘤继承性免疫治疗提供了依据。     

转染自体胃癌细胞总RNA的树突状细胞诱导个体化免疫治疗的体外实验

目的探讨转染自体胃癌细胞总RNA的树突状细胞(DC)体外介导抗胃癌的免疫效应。方法制备短期培养的原代胃癌细胞。用rhGM-CSF、rhIL-4和TNF-α体外诱导胃癌患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中DC的发育和成熟,并转染自体肿瘤细胞总RNA,激活自体T细胞产生CTL,用CCK-8试剂盒检测CTL的杀伤活性。应用流式细胞术及混合淋巴细胞培养技术检测DC的免疫功能状态。用ELISA法测定IL-12和INF-γ的水平。结果转染自体肿瘤细胞总RNA的成熟DC,不仅可高表达MHC-I、II类分子及CD80、CD83和CD86协同刺激分子,并可获得高效刺激自体或异体T细胞增殖的能力。转染RNA的成熟DC,分泌IL-12的水平及其刺激产生的CTL培养上清液中INF-γ的水平显著高于单纯成熟DC及未成熟DC;且CTL对自体胃癌细胞的杀伤率显著高于异体组。结论转染自体胃癌细胞总RNA的成熟DC能够体外诱导产生对自体肿瘤细胞具有高度抗原特异性杀伤活性的CTL。     

EpCAM 蛋白激活DC 诱导抗原特异性CTL 治疗卵巢癌的实验研究

目的:探讨EpCAM 蛋白激活树突细胞(DC)诱导产生CD8+ 细胞毒T 淋巴细胞(CD8+ CTL)进行卵巢癌免疫 治疗的效果,为卵巢癌的临床治疗提供帮助。方法:利用EpCAM 蛋白诱导成熟DC 同时检测DC 表面分子和白介素(IL)鄄10 与IL鄄12 表达量的变化,随后通过EpCAM鄄DC 诱导EpCAM 抗原特异性CD8+ CTL,继而检测EpCAM鄄DC鄄CD8+ CTL 对正常卵巢 上皮细胞IOSE80 和卵巢癌细胞SKVO3 的杀伤效果,同时检测干扰素(IFN)鄄酌释放量。随后进一步检测EpCAM鄄DC鄄CD8+ CTL 对卵巢癌移植裸鼠的肿瘤抑制程度,并通过病理学染色检测治疗后肿瘤组织变化情况。结果:与PBS 刺激相比,EpCAM 蛋白能够显著上调DC 表面分子DC80、DC83、DC86 和HLA鄄DR 水平,依次达到4郾79、4郾85、4郾60 和10郾91 倍;同时EpCAM 蛋白 显著提高IL鄄12 释放和显著抑制IL鄄10 分泌(P<0郾05)。DC鄄CD8+ CTL 与EpCAM鄄DC鄄CD8+ CTL 均引起少量IOSE80 细胞凋亡 (P>0郾05),但EpCAM鄄DC鄄CD8+ CTL 对SKVO3 细胞杀伤率是DC鄄CD8+ CTL 的6郾82 倍(P<0郾05)。动物实验表明,经EpCAM鄄 DC鄄CD8+ CTL 治疗后,BALB/ c鄄nu/ nu 卵巢癌移植肿瘤体积比明显低于PBS 组以及DC鄄CD8+ CTL 组,分别达到0郾27 和0郾28 倍 (P<0郾05)。HE 染色显示EpCAM鄄DC鄄CD8+ CTL 治疗导致肿瘤组织出现明显的病理学改变。结论:EpCAM 蛋白刺激促进了 DC 成熟继而诱导产生EpCAM 特异性CD8+ CTL,EpCAM鄄DC鄄CD8+ CTL 能够高效的杀伤肿瘤细胞并延迟肿瘤生长,对卵巢癌 临床免疫治疗具有重要意义。     

Dendritic cells process exogenous viral proteins and virus-like particles for class I presentation to CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Previous reports have indicated that both dendritic cells and macrophages have the ability to induce cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and T helper (Th) cell responses in vivo. Dendritic cells process exogenous antigens conventionally for presentation on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. However, unconventional processing of exogenous antigens in vitro for presentation on MHC class I molecules is still an open question. In this study, we report that a cloned dendritic cell line (D2SC/1) is able to present cell debris-associated exogenous viral proteins to MHC class I-restricted CTL in vitro The dendritic cell line was very efficient in processing recombinant lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleoprotein (LCMV NP) and presenting the class I-restricted epitope to CTL primed in vivo. Peritoneal macrophages could also process the recombinant LCMV NP for subsequent MHC class I presentation, but were less efficient compared to the dendritic cells. Furthermore, recombinant yeast-derived virus-like particles carrying the HIV-1 V3 loop (V3-VLP), which are protenaceous and do not contain any lipid, were also found to be efficiently processed by the dendritic cell line for presentation of the class I-restricted epitope. These results clearly indicate that viral proteins, in particulate form or associated with cell debris, are processed by dendritic cells for CTL induction.     

Peptide-pulsed dendritic cells induce tumoricidal cytotoxic T lymphocytes from healthy donors against stably HLA-A*0201-binding peptides from the Melan-A/MART-1 self antigen

The melanoma antigen Melan-A/MART-1 was screened for the presence of potential HLA-A*0201-binding cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) epitopes. The immunodominant nonamer epitope AAGIGILTV demonstrated weak binding to T2 but a significant half-life of binding to HLA-A*0201 in contrast to the decamer EAAGIGILTV. In addition to the immunodominant CTL epitope, we describe two peptides, GILTVILGV and ALMDKSLHV, that display stable binding to HLA-A*0201. Using cultured autologous dendritic cells pulsed with these peptides, CTL lines were induced from peripheral blood lymphocytes that displayed reactivity with HLA-A2⁺, Melan-A/MART-1⁺ melanoma cells. CTL reactivity against the immunodominant epitope could be induced with the nonamer epitope alone, but not with the decamer variant. CTL clones generated from an (EAAGIGILTV + AAGIGILTV)-induced CTL line recognize the appropriate melanoma cells and normal melanocytes. Upon further characterization of one of these CTL clones, it was found to be of surprisingly high affinity considering that it is directed against a self antigen. This study demonstrates that immunogenic peptides can be selected based on stability (half-life) of peptide/HLA binding. In addition, cultured DC were found to efficiently induce CTL responses in vitro against such selected peptides, and some of these CTL were capable of recognizing endogenously processed antigen.     

Hepatocytes induce functional activation of naive CD8+ T lymphocytes but fail to promote survival

Intraperitoneal peptide injection of TCR-transgenic mide or expression of antigen in hepatocytes leads to an accumulation in the liver of specific apoptotic CD8+ T cells expressing activation markers. To determine whether liver cells are capable of directly activating naive CD8+ T cells, we have studied the ability of purified hepatocytes to activate TCR-transgenic CD8+ T cells in vitro. We show that hepatocytes which do not express CD80 and CD86 co-stimulatory molecules are able to induce activation and effective proliferation of specific naive CD8+ T cells in the absence of exogenously added cytokines, a property only shared by professional antigen-presenting cells (APC). Specific T cell proliferation induced by hepatocytes was comparable in magnitude to that seen in response to dendritic cells and was independent of CD4+ T cell help or bystander professional APC co-stimulation. During the first 3 days, the same number of divisions was observed in co-cultures of CD8+ T cells with either hepatocytes or splenocytes. Both APC populations induced expression of early T cell activation markers and specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity. However, in contrast to T cells activated by splenocytes, T cells activated by hepatocytes lost their cytolytic function after 3 days of co-culture. This correlated with death of activated T cells, suggesting that despite efficient activation, proliferation and transient CTL function, T cells activated by hepatocytes did not survive. Death could be prevented by adding antigen-expressing splenocytes or exogenous IL-2 to the co-culture, indicating that hepatocytes are not involved in direct killing of CD8+ T cells but rather fail to promote survival. Dying cells acquired a CD8low TCRlow B220+ phenotype similar to the one described for apoptotic intrahepatic T cells, suggesting an alternative model to account for the origin of these cells in the liver. The importance of these findings for the understanding of peripheral tolerance and the ability of liver grafts to be accepted is discussed.     

HPV 16 E6E7基因修饰树突状细胞疫苗诱导CTL致CaSki细胞凋亡体外实验研究

目的:采用人乳头状瘤-16(HPV-16)E6E7重组腺病毒(pAd-E6E7)转染树突状细胞(Dendritic cell,DC),观察基因修饰的DC疫苗诱导细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(Cytotoxic Tlymphocyte,CTL)致使CaSki细胞凋亡的效果。方法:将pAd-E6E7转染体外培养的小鼠未成熟树突状细胞制备DC疫苗,激光共聚焦显微镜观察转染的小鼠未成熟树突状细胞绿色荧光蛋白表达,流式细胞术检测转染前后小鼠树突状细胞表面标志物(CD40、CD86、MHCⅡ和CD11C)。DC疫苗诱导产生特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞,与CaSki细胞共培养后,采用DAPI、TUNEL及流式细胞术检测CaSki细胞凋亡情况。结果:pAd-E6E7成功转染体外培养的小鼠未成熟树突状细胞,体外转染效率约为40%～50%,成功制备了HPV16 E6E7基因修饰树突状细胞疫苗,诱导产生细胞毒性T淋巴细胞,经DAPI、TUNEL及流式细胞术检测证明CaSki出现凋亡。结论:以带有HPV16 E6E7基因的重组腺病毒载体转染DC制备基因修饰的DC疫苗,诱导CTL致使CaSki细胞出现凋亡。     

Integrin-mediated interactions influence the tissue specificity of CD8+ cytolytic T lymphocytes

We previously reported that CD8⁺ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) elicited in response to allogeneic renal epithelial cells (anti-REC CTL) preferentially lyse REC targets as compared to conventional lymphoid cell (LC) targets. It is often tacitly assumed that such cell type specificity results from CTL recognition of tissue-restricted MHC / peptide complexes. However, we herein report that anti-REC CTL uniquely express CD103, an integrin with known specificity for the epithelial cell-restricted ligand E-cadherin, and are deficient in expression of CD11a (LFA-1), an integrin known to play a critical accessory role in promoting lysis of LC targets. We demonstrate that CD8⁺ CTL clones with disparate CD103 / CD11a phenotypes but identical specificities for allo-MHC / peptide can exhibit marked differences in cell type specificity. Antibody blocking studies provided direct evidence that CD103 serves as an accessory molecule that promotes lysis of REC targets. Taken together, these data indicate that integrin-mediated accessory interactions can influence the capacity of CD8⁺ CTL to discriminate between different cell types.     

结肠癌组织微环境对树突状细胞的影响

目的 探讨结肠癌组织匀浆上清液模拟肿瘤微环境对人树突状细胞(DC)分化发育的影响,以及血管内皮生长因子A(VEGF-A)在其中所起的作用.方法 制备新鲜结肠癌及癌旁组织匀浆上清液.分离人外周血单个核细胞,含重组人粒细胞.巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(rhGM-CSF)和rhIL-4的1640培养液诱导DC,第2天在此基础上设结肠癌匀浆上清组、癌旁组织匀浆上清组、VEGF-A组及正常DC组,第4天加入结肠癌细胞株SW620抗原,第6天加入脂多糖,第8天收集各组细胞.ELISA检测肿瘤组织匀浆上清液中VEGF-A含量.观察DC形态,流式细胞术检测其免疫表型,RT-PCR检测CD1a表达,CCK-8检测T细胞增殖率及杀伤率.结果 结肠癌组织匀浆上清VEGF-A含量明显高于癌旁组织(P＜0.05);与正常DC组相比,结肠癌匀浆上清组细胞形态明显受到抑制,数目减少,表面抗原表达率明显下降(P＜0.01),混合淋巴细胞反应能力及杀伤力也明显下降(P＜0.01);而VEGF-A组细胞数目及形态与正常DC组相比无明显改变,对所检测的Dc表面抗原并无明显抑制(P＞0.05),但在功能实验中它却起到了明显抑制T细胞增殖及杀伤功能的作用.结论 结肠癌组织匀浆上清液所模拟的微环境对DC的诱导分化及功能有明显的抑制作用,在该过程中VEGF-A起到抑制T细胞免疫功能的作用,但该作用并非通过抑制DC共刺激分子表达而实现.     

致敏树突状细胞活化细胞毒性T细胞抗肿瘤作用的研究

目的：研究树突状细胞（DCs）激活的细胞毒性T细胞的抗肿瘤及预防肿瘤发生的作用。 方法： 细胞因子诱生人PBMC未成熟DCs，加入肿瘤细胞抗原提取物致敏DCs产生成熟DCs；通过细胞形态、表面标记鉴定成熟DCs，MTT法测成熟DCs活化的细胞毒性T细胞(CTL)的体外杀伤活性；裸鼠体内注射活化CTL观察其抑制移植瘤生长及发生的作用。 结果： 经过7 d培养，获得大量形态典型、具有强烈刺激增殖能力、高表达CD80(63.5%)、CD83（67.6%）和CD3/ HLA-DR(83.2%)的DCs。其活化的CTL在20∶1效靶比时对抗原来源细胞株自身的杀伤率达75%以上，对同系细胞株的杀伤活性为35%-45%，对其它种系肿瘤细胞仅有微弱杀伤力（P<0.01）。CTL对裸鼠结肠癌HT-29移植瘤有特异性的生长抑制和预防生成作用（P<0.05）。CTL治疗组肿瘤组织中PCNA表达水平显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。 结论： 肿瘤细胞抗原活化的DC诱导CTL对肿瘤有特异性的杀伤作用，体内应用可特异性抑制移植结肠癌的生长或预防小鼠结肠癌移植瘤的发生。     

Priming of CD8+ T cell responses by pathogens typically depends on CD70-mediated interactions with dendritic cells

The CD27/CD70-interaction has been shown to provide a costimulatory and survival signal for T cells in vitro and in vivo. Recently, CD70 expression by DC was found to be important for the priming of CD8+ T cells. We show here that blocking CD70 interactions has a significant impact on priming of CD8+ T cell responses by vaccinia virus (VV), Listeria monocytogenes and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in mice. However, the priming of specific CD8+ T cells upon infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) was only marginally reduced by CD70-blockade. Blocking of CD70 prevented CD8+ T cell priming in DIETER mice, a model in which presentation of LCMV-derived epitopes can be induced selectively in dendritic cells (DC). In contrast, CD70-CD27 interactions were not important for the priming of VSV-specific CD4+ T cells or class switch of neutralizing antibodies. As we show that priming of CD8+ T cells by the pathogens used here is dependent on antigen presentation by DC and that infection results in up-regulation of CD70 on DC, we conclude that CD70 expression on DC plays an important role in the priming of CD8+ T cells by pathogens. Moreover, the lack of CD70 cannot be completely compensated for by other costimulatory molecules.     

CD5− dendritic epidermal T cells are derived from CD5+ precursor cells

Murine Thy-1⁺, TcR Vγ3/Vδ⁺ dendritic epidermal T cells (DETC) differ from most other T cell subsets by the absence of CD4 and CD8 antigens as well as the lack of CD5 expression. To see whether negativity for those antigens is an intrinsic feature of a given T cell population or if such triple-negative T cells go through a maturational stage where they express these antigens, we determined the phenotype of TcR Vγ3⁺ fetal thymocytes which are the precursor cells of DETC. We found that TcR Vγ3⁺ fetal thymocytes phenotypically differ from mature DETC in that they are CD5⁺, mostly CD8⁺ and partly CD4⁺. The injection of fetal thymic suspensions containing TcR Vγ3⁺/CD5⁺ (but not TcR Vγ3⁺/CD5^?) thymocytes into Thy-1-disparate athymic nude mice resulted in the appearance of donor-type TcR Vγ3⁺/CD5^? dendritic cells in the recipients' epidermis, indicating that TcR Vγ3⁺ thymocytes are indeed the precursors of CD5^? DETC. Tracing CD5 expression on DETC precursors during their intrathymic maturation and their migration to the fetal skin, we found that (i) the earliest DETC precursor cells as defined by TcR Vγ3 expression express high levels of CD5 antigen (day 15 of gestation), (ii) after day 16 of gestation 70% of TcR Vγ3⁺ thymocytes express high and 30% express intermediate levels of CD5, (iii) TcR Vγ3⁺ cells in the fetal blood express low levels of CD5, (iv) the first TcR Vγ3⁺ cells entering the epidermis express very low levels of this antigen and (v) TcR Vγ3⁺ epidermal cells later than day 19 of gestation are CD5^?. A similar down-regulation of CD5 expression on DETC precursors was also noted when TcR Vγ3⁺ cells were cultured in vitro. Even the addition of PMA and ionomycin, which up-regulates CD5 expression on TcR α/β-bearing thymocytes and lymph node T cells, could not prevent down-regulation on DETC precursors. The described cell system may serve as a useful tool in further experiments aimed to clarify the function of the CD5 glycoprotein as well as the mechanism(s) regulating its expression.