腹主动脉球囊阻断在骶骨肿瘤手术治疗中的应用

目的 探讨腹主动脉球囊阻断技术在骶骨肿瘤切除术中控制出血的应用价值.方法 对6例骶骨肿瘤患者(巨细胞瘤4例和脊索瘤2例)术前经股动脉途径置入球囊导管于腹主动脉远端肾动脉开口以下,术中充盈球囊暂时阻断血流下切除肿瘤,每次阻断45 min,需重复阻断时间隔10 min;记录术中出血量,观察手术效果.结果 6例均成功置入球囊,操作时间30～60 min,术中累计阻断血流时间40～130 min,术中出血800～2 000 ml(平均1 350 ml).肿瘤均顺利切除,未发生急性肾功能不全等并发症.结论 球囊导管置入术安全简单,暂时阻断腹主动脉血流切除骶骨肿瘤,可明显减少术中出血,提高手术安全性.     

后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术30例临床分析

目的：探讨后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术的方法及治疗效果。方法：对30例行后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术患者进行回顾性分析。结果：30例小肾癌患者在后腹腔镜下行肾部分切除术。腹腔镜手术时间120～180min,平均150min;阻断肾动脉时间25～55min,平均35min,术中失血量50～200mL,平均100mL;术后留置引流管时间3～7d,平均4d;术后引流液80～400mL,平均150mL;术后住院时间4～8d,平均6d。术后随访5～24个月,所有肿瘤均无局部或切口、远处复发,患者恢复良好。结论：腹腔镜下保留肾单位的肾部分切除术一种有效和微创的治疗方法,恢复快,短期随访结果令人满意,远期效果有待进一步观察。     

经右腋动脉选择性脑灌注在主动脉夹层手术中的应用

目的总结右腋动脉插管体外循环(ECC)、选择性顺行脑灌注在主动脉夹层手术中应用的初步经验。方法回顾性分析我院2005年1月—2008年7月采用深低温停循环(DHCA)加右腋动脉插管选择性顺行脑灌注(ASCP)手术治疗I型主动脉夹层10例。男8例,女2例。年龄24~63岁,平均(41.7±12.0)岁。升主动脉+全弓置换+降主动脉术中支架置入术5例,升主动脉+全弓置换2例,升主动脉+右半弓置换3例。结果本组主动脉阻断时间83~258min,平均(132.3±52.8)min。深低温停循环时间8~53min,平均(29.10±18.30)min,选择性脑灌注时间8~58min,平均(33.4±18.5)min。手术死亡2例,1例因术中出血、体外循环时间长不能脱机,1例因术后低心排和多脏器功能衰竭。术后暂时性脑损害2例,均治愈出院,无永久性脑损害发生。结论右腋动脉插管灌注和顺行脑灌注在主动脉夹层手术中可提供有效的脑保护,其操作简便、安全。     

腹腔镜子宫次全切除术91例临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜子宫次全切除术的效果、手术特点。方法:回顾性分析腹腔镜下子宫次全切除术91例的临床资料。结果:89例顺利完成手术,2例因粘连严重而中转开腹,手术成功率97.08%(89/91),平均手术时间(85.3±26.8)min,平均术中出血量(42.1±20.1)ml,平均术后住院4~6d,无严重并发症。结论:腹腔镜子宫次全切除术具有安全、微创、出血少、恢复快、术式简单易于掌握等优点。     

腹腔镜下胃癌根治术的临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜下胃肠癌根治术的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析2009年1月—2010年12月在我院接受腹腔镜胃癌根治术的20例患者临床资料。结果 20例手术全部成功,根治性远端胃大部切除术11例,根治性近端胃大部切除术8例,根治性胃全部切除术1例,手术平均时间为(360.4±43.2)min、平均切口长度(5.6±1.3)cm、平均出血量(321.8±188.9)ml、平均清除淋巴结数(11.5±4.6)枚。其中术后3例出现并发症,1例出现切口感染、2例出现胸腔积液。结论腹腔镜下胃癌根治术效果良好,并发症发生率较低。     

腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术38例

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊大部分切除术的手术方法、术中转开腹指征和临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析1996—2008年在我院施行的38例腹腔镜胆囊大部分切除术的临床资料。结果34例成功完成手术,4例患者中转开腹,无术后出血及肝外胆管损伤等严重并发症,手术时间50～150 min,平均为(90±20)min;开始进食时间18～24 h,平均为(20±2)h;引流管留置时间为27～120 h,平均为(48±10)h;住院时间5～10 d,平均(6±2)d;5例患者术后出现胆漏,均经非手术治疗后痊愈。随访6～12月,未出现与手术有关的远期并发症。结论(1)根据不同胆囊管情况,采用相应的正确处理胆囊管方法。(2)了解术中中转开腹手术的指征,是保证手术安全的关键。(3)腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术对于炎症重,分离困难患者有一定的临床应用价值。     

对比分析高、低位球囊导管阻断腹主动脉在剖宫产手术中的应用效果

【摘要】目的：通过在凶险性前置胎盘伴胎盘植入患者剖宫产手术中应用高、低位球囊导管阻断腹主动脉,对比分析术中出血量及术后对肝肾功能的影响。方法：266例凶险性前置胎盘伴不同程度胎盘植入患者在剖宫产手术前置入球囊导管,133例患者将腹主动脉球囊置于T12-L1椎体之间（高位组）,133例患者将球囊置于髂动脉分叉上方、腹主动脉肾动脉下方（低位组）,剖宫产术中按手术要求充盈球囊,术后球囊撤出,再拔出鞘管压迫穿刺点,记录剖宫产术中出血量及术后第2天的主要肝肾功能指标。结果：266例患者均顺利经鞘管置入球囊于腹主动脉,术后均顺利拔出,无1例行子宫切除术,高位组、低位组术中出血量分别为（695.5±415.8）mL、(707.5±366.2)mL,术后高位组、低位组的主要肝肾功能指标谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、白蛋白、肌酐分别为(21.3±12.6)U/L、（14.1±1.2）U/L、（35.4±8.5）g/L、（41.6±15.4）umol/L和(24.7±12.9)U/L、（19.0±1.6）U/L、（35.8±9.5）g/L、(42.4±16.4)umol/L,两组间术中出血量及术后肝肾功能主要指标差异均无统计学意义（P值均＞0.05）。结论：高位或低位球囊阻断均可减少术中出血量且术后肝肾功能影响并无明显差异,具有较好的可行性和效果。     

肾动脉狭窄支架术对肾功能和血压的作用

目的　评估经皮肾动脉支架术对肾动脉狭窄患者肾功能和血压的改善作用。方法　入选 87例单侧或双侧肾动脉明显狭窄 (管腔内径减少 >70 % )行经皮腔内肾动脉支架术患者。比较各例术前、术后4 8h及随访期血清肌酐、肾小球滤过率 (GFR)及血压变化。结果　 87例患者 (98处病变 )均成功植入肾动脉支架。术后 4 8h平均血清肌酐较术前轻微升高 [术前 (176± 2 1) μmol/L和术后 (179± 11) μmol/L ,P =0 .15 ) ,但术后 6个月随访平均血清肌酐较术前显著降低 [(14 9± 15 ) μmol/L ,比较术前P <0 .0 0 1]。术后 6个月 ,GFR显著增加 [(5 1± 8)ml/min和 (37± 11)mL/min ,P <0 .0 0 1],且 6 1%患者血清肌酐测值恢复正常。收缩压及舒张压显著降低 [术前 :(16 3± 2 3/ 96± 13)mmHg ,术后 6个月 :(14 8± 12 / 79± 15 )mmHg ,P均 <0 .0 0 1) ,6 7%患者术后 6个月血压控制良好。结论　经皮肾动脉支架术手术成功率高 ,其对患者肾功能及控制血压具明显改善作用。     

肾动脉球囊临时置入腹腔镜下肾部分切除1例

临床资料 患者女,29岁.因“检查发现左肾占位4d余”入院.患者4d前无明显诱因出现头痛头晕伴恶心呕吐,至我院急诊科行颅脑CT未见异常,腹部超声提示左肾实质占位.为求进一步诊治,遂入我院泌尿外科.患者发病以来无尿急、尿痛及肉眼血尿.入院后行腹部CT示左肾中部肿瘤性病变,良性(血管平滑肌脂肪瘤与黄色肉芽肿性炎)与肾癌待鉴别.MRI示左肾中部囊实性占位,考虑肾球旁细胞瘤.GFR:左肾40.4 ml/min,右肾42.5 ml/min,左肾中段外侧占位征象,血流灌注、肾小球滤过功能轻-中度受损,上尿路引流通畅.肾功能检查:BUN 4.79 mmol/L,Cr 62.0 μmol/L.完善相关检查,排外手术禁忌,拟行后腹腔镜下左肾肿瘤剜除术,术前行左肾动脉球囊置入,并于术中经球囊导管低温灌注.     

超声刀在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用研究

目的　探讨超声刀在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用价值。方法　将 86例腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者随机分为超声刀组 ( 3 4例 )与电刀组( 5 2例 ) ,分别使用超声刀与单极电刀完成手术 ,比较术中及术后的效果。结果　 86例手术顺利完成 ,无中转开腹。手术时间分别为 ( 4 5±7)min和 ( 62± 9)min(P <0 0 1) ,术中出血量分别为 ( 5± 0 .8)ml和 ( 2 0± 5 )ml(P <0 .0 1) ,术后肠道功能恢复时间分别为 ( 2 0± 4)h和 ( 2 4±6)h(P <0 0 1) ,两组均无胆瘘发生。结论　超声刀在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中较电刀更快捷 ,出血更少 ,术后恢复更快     

Preoperative embolization of renal cell carcinoma prior to partial nephrectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PurposeTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of preoperative renal artery embolization of renal cell carcinoma in reducing intraoperative blood loss during subsequent partial nephrectomy through a systematic review and meta-analysis of current literature.Materials and methodsThe PubMed database was searched for articles published from 1970 to 2018 describing patients with renal cell carcinoma who underwent partial nephrectomy with and without preoperative embolization of the tumor. Demographic data, procedural techniques, and surgical outcomes were obtained when available. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to determine estimated blood loss in both groups of patients.ResultsThe literature search identified 14 relevant articles for systematic review, of which 4 articles provided sufficient data to be included in the meta-analysis. 270 patients (173 males, 97 females) underwent partial nephrectomy for RCC, of whom 222 received pre-operative embolization. There were 48 patients in our cohort that underwent partial nephrectomy for RCC without preoperative embolization.Random-effects meta-analysis demonstrated a significant difference between EBL in patients undergoing RAE prior to partial nephrectomy vs partial nephrectomy without preoperative embolization, with EBL of 154.0 ± 22.6 mL (n = 222) and 353.4 ± 69.6 mL (n = 478), respectively (p < 0.0001). Major complications occurred in 4.9% of patients undergoing pre-operative embolization followed by partial nephrectomy, whereas major complications occurred in 10.9% of patients undergoing partial nephrectomy without embolization (p = 0.01). Minor complications occurred in 5.8% of patients undergoing embolization and partial nephrectomy and in 19.0% of patients undergoing partial nephrectomy without embolization (p < 0.0001).ConclusionRenal artery embolization prior to surgical resection of renal cell carcinoma is safe and significantly reduces intraoperative blood loss in patients undergoing partial nephrectomy.     

Multiple Renal Artery Pseudoaneurysms in Patients Undergoing Renal Artery Embolization Following Partial Nephrectomy: Correlation with RENAL Nephrometry Scores

Purpose

To describe the incidence of multiple renal artery pseudoaneurysms (PSA) in patients referred for renal artery embolization following partial nephrectomy and to study its relationship to RENAL nephrometry scores.

Materials and Methods

The medical records of 25 patients referred for renal artery embolization after partial nephrectomy were retrospectively reviewed for the following parameters: size and number of tumors, RENAL nephrometry scores, angiographic abnormalities, technical and clinical outcomes, and estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) after embolization.

Results

Twenty-four patients had primary renal tumors, while 1 patient had a pancreatic tumor invading the kidney. Multiple tumors were resected in 4 patients. Most patients (92 %) were symptomatic, presenting with gross hematuria, flank pain, or both. Angiography revealed PSA with (n = 5) or without (n = 20) AV fistulae. Sixteen patients (64 %) had multiple PSA involving multiple renal vessels. Higher RENAL nephrometry scores were associated with an increasing likelihood of multiple PSA. Multiple vessels were embolized in 14 patients (56 %). Clinical success was achieved after one (n = 22) or two (n = 3) embolization sessions in all patients. Post-embolization eGFR values at different time points after embolization were not significantly different from the post-operative eGFR.

Conclusion

A majority of patients requiring renal artery embolization following partial nephrectomy have multiple pseudoaneurysms, often requiring selective embolization of multiple vessels. Higher RENAL nephrometry score is associated with an increasing likelihood of multiple pseudoaneurysms. We found transarterial embolization to be a safe and effective treatment option with no long-term adverse effect on renal function in all but one patient with a solitary kidney.

     

Pseudoaneurysm of the renal artery following partial nephrectomy: imaging findings and coil embolization

AIM: To present the imaging findings of five patients with renal artery pseudoaneurysm (RAP) after partial nephrectomy. METHODS: Five patients (four men and one woman) with RAP as a complication of partial nephrectomy were studied. The diagnosis of RAP was established using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) in three patients and renal angiography in two patients. In two cases, the diagnosis was evident on ultrasound with colour Doppler. RESULTS: The indication for partial nephrectomy (open approach in four patients and laparoscopic in one patient) was a space-occupying lesion, which proved to be a renal cell carcinoma. All patients presented with macroscopic haematuria, 1-21 days (mean 12.2 days) after surgery. In three of patients the definitive diagnostic imaging method was contrast-enhanced CT. The arterial phase of CT showed a well-circumscribed dense collection of contrast material located within the renal parenchyma. In two other patients the initial and conclusive diagnostic imaging method was renal angiography. All patients underwent selective renal angiography with therapeutic coil embolization. The procedure failed in one patient, which necessitated nephrectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Pseudoaneurysm of the renal artery should be considered in patients presenting with macrohaematuria after nephron-sparing surgery. The diagnosis can be established using contrast-enhanced CT, ultrasound with colour Doppler, or angiography. Renal angiography with selective embolization is a safe and efficacious technique for managing the condition.     

Does coronary stenting following balloon angioplasty improve myocardial fractional flow reserve?

Purpose: Suboptimal distal coronary flow reserve after successful balloon angioplasty has been attributed to angiographically unrecognized inadequate lumen expansion, and adjunct coronary stenting has been shown to improve coronary flow reserve. The aim of this study was to investigate whether myocardial fractional flow reserve (FFRmyo) would increase further after coronary stenting compared with balloon angioplasty alone in the same patient group. Methods: FFRmyo and quantitative coronary angiography were obtained before and after pre-stent balloon dilation, and again after stent placement in 11 patients (7 left anterior descending artery, 3 right coronary artery and 1 left circumflex artery). FFRmyo was calculated as the ratio of Pd/Pa during intracoronary adenosine 5′-triphosphate (50 μg and 20 μg in the left and right coronary arteries, respectively)-induced maximum hyperemia, where Pd represents mean distal coronary pressure measured by a 2.1 Fr infusion catheter and Pa represents mean aortic pressure measured by the guiding catheter. Results: Percent diameter stenosis significantly decreased after balloon angioplasty (74% ± 15% vs 37% ± 17%, p < 0.001), and decreased further after stent placement (18% ± 10%, p < 0.001 vs baseline and balloon angioplasty). FFRmyo after coronary stenting (0.85 ± 0.09) was significantly higher than that at baseline (0.51 ± 0.16, p < 0.001) and after balloon angioplasty (0.77 ± 0.11, p < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between angiographic variables and FFRmyo. The increase in lumen dimensions after coronary stenting was followed by a further significant improvement of FFRmyo. Conclusion: These results suggest that coronary stenting may provide a more favorable functional status and lumen geometry of residual coronary stenosis compared with balloon angioplasty alone.     

Chemical Renal Denervation by Vincristine: The Role of the Flow Rate of Delivery

Purpose

Vincristine has been proven promising regarding its safety and efficacy for the renal artery denervation both in experimental models and in humans. The aim of the study was to compare in an experimental model the efficacy of constant versus random flow rate delivery of vincristine on renal sympathetic denervation.

Methods

We used 10 juvenile Landrace swine. After the introduction of a 7F sheath into the femoral artery, a guide wire was advanced into the distal part of the renal artery. Then the first delivery balloon catheter, which delivers vincristine in random flow rate, was advanced at the proximal part of the artery, and the balloon was inflated in order to locally deliver vincristine to the media of the renal artery. The process was repeated in the contralateral renal artery, with the use of the double balloon catheter that delivers vincristine with a constant flow rate. Euthanasia of the animals was performed at 28 days. All sections were processed for histological and immunohistochemical analysis.

Results

The delivery of vincristine with both catheters was successful and uncomplicated. Immunohistochemistry showed that the mean number of intact nerves in all sections was significantly lower in the group of vincristine delivered with constant flow catheter compared to the group that the delivery was performed in a random fashion. (1.48 ± 0.37 vs. 1.70 ± 0.41, p = 0.04).

Conclusion

Chemical renal denervation with vincristine by a constant flow rate catheter is more effective compared to the denervation performed by a catheter that delivers vincristine in a random fashion.     

复杂性肾囊性病变治疗方式研究

目的探讨复杂性肾囊性占位性病变的治疗方式的选择。方法选取陆军总医院泌尿外科自2010年4月至2014年12月收治的复杂性肾囊性病变患者15例,依据影像学检查行术前评估及手术探查,根据术中冰冻病理结果行手术治疗。结果本组15例患者均行手术治疗,其中,恶性病变9例,良性病变6例;肾根治性切除术7例,肾部分切除术8例。结论复杂性肾囊性占位病变术前常不能确定良恶性,需结合手术探查及术中冰冻病理结果决定行肾部分切除术或肾根治性切除术,尽量避免肾因良性病变切除,提高患者生活质量。     

Renal Artery Embolization Using a New Liquid Embolic Material Obtained by Partial Hydrolysis of Polyvinyl Acetate (Embol): Initial Experience in Six Patients

Objective

To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a new liquid embolic material, Embol, in embolization of the renal artery.

Materials and Methods

Embol is a new embolic material obtained by partial hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate mixed in absolute ethanol and Iopromide 370 and manufactured by Schering Korea, Kyonggido, Korea. Six patients who underwent embolization of the renal artery using Embol were evaluated. Four were male and two were female and their ages ranged from 11 to 70 (mean, 53) years. Clinical and radiologic diagnoses referred for renal artery embolization were renal cell carcinoma (n = 3), renal angiomyolipoma (n = 2) and pseudoaneurysm of the renal artery (n = 1). After selective renal angiography, Embol was injected through various catheters, either with or without a balloon occlusion catheter. Changes in symptoms and blood chemistry which may have been related to renal artery embolization with Embol were analyzed.

Results

The six patients showed immediate total occlusion of their renal vascular lesions. One of the three in whom renal cell carcinoma was embolized with Embol underwent radical nephrectomy, and the specimen thus obtained revealed 40% tumor necrosis. In the two patients with angiomyolipomas, the tumors decreased in size and abdominal pain subsided. Bleeding from pseudoaneurysm of the renal artery was successfully controlled. Four patients showed symptoms of post-embolization syndrome, and one of these also showed increased levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. One patient experienced transient hypertension.

Conclusion

Embol is easy to use, its radiopacity is adequate and it is a safe and effective embolic material which provides immediate and total occlusion of renal vascular lesions.     

Three-dimensional volume-rendered CT angiography of the renal arteries and veins: normal anatomy, variants, and clinical applications.

Three-dimensional volume-rendered computed tomographic (CT) angiography represents an increasingly important clinical tool that, in many institutions, is replacing conventional angiography in the depiction of normal vascular anatomy and the diagnosis of vascular disorders. Evaluation of conditions affecting the renal vasculature constitutes a major focus of volume-rendered CT angiography, which has documented utility for demonstrating both arterial and venous disease. Arterial disorders include renal artery stenosis, renal artery aneurysms, and dissection. Venous disorders include splenorenal shunts, thrombosis, and intravascular tumor extension. In addition, volume-rendered CT angiography accurately displays the normal and variant renal vascular anatomy, which is crucial to detect before surgery, especially partial nephrectomy and laparoscopic nephrectomy. CT angiography is also useful in the evaluation of the renal vasculature following renal transplantation. Familiarity with proper CT protocols and data acquisition techniques are crucial for accurate diagnosis.     

Transrenal ureteral embolization.

Transrenal closure of the ureter with butyl-2-cyanoacrylate using adjuvant balloon catheter occlusion was successfully performed for the palliative management of inoperable vesicovaginal and vesicosacral fistulas in 3 patients. Unilateral percutaneous nephrostomy provided supravesical urinary diversion as well as access for permanent embolization of the ureter. The contralateral kidney was nonfunctional in 2 patients. In the third, in addition to unilateral ureteral occlusion, the contralateral kidney was defunctionalized by embolization of the renal artery ("radiological nephrectomy") to avoid the need for bilateral nephrostomy drainage.     

Impact of Polar Renal Artery Coverage on Early Renal Function after Chimney Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Purpose

To evaluate impact of polar renal artery coverage on early renal function after chimney endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR).