经皮支架植入术治疗主动脉缩窄的疗效及安全性

目的　评估经皮支架植入术治疗主动脉缩窄的疗效方法　 5例 (男性 3例 ,年龄 33± 9岁 )胸主动脉缩窄患者行经皮主动脉球囊成型术支架植入术。结果　各例支架植入后即刻压力阶差显著减低 (8± 2mmHg ,比较术前 73± 6mmHg ,P <0 .0 0 1)。平均随访 2 7± 12月各例无需多种药物治疗但血压控制良好 (15 2± 7/ 91± 5mmHg ,比较术前 2 0 1± 8/ 12 0± 8mmHg ,P <0 .0 0 1) ,无不良事件发生。 结论　经皮支架植入术治疗主动脉缩窄安全可行 ,且对患者血压控制具有长期疗效     

覆膜Cheatham-Platinum支架置入治疗主动脉缩窄的疗效评价

目的评价新型覆膜Cheatham-Platinum(CP)支架置入治疗青少年或成人主动脉缩窄(CoA)的近期疗效。方法2005年8月至2006年6月,共完成8例CoA覆膜CP支架置入术。根据CT和DSA检查选择支架的型号及球囊的大小;经股动脉穿刺送入装载有支架的球囊导管,准确定位后充盈内外球囊,扩张覆膜支架。术后应用血管闭合器缝合局部穿刺点。结果覆膜CP支架均顺利置入。跨缩窄段平均收缩压差明显下降,术前为(63.8±17.6)mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa),除1例由术前77mm Hg降至35mm Hg外,余者均降至5mm Hg以下,主动脉最窄处直径由术前(4.8±1.4)mm增加至(18.0±2.6)mm。除1例主动脉弓发育不良外,余者上下肢血压均恢复正常。合并动脉导管未闭的患者,分流完全消失。随访1～8个月,临床症状均明显缓解,超声多普勒或CT增强扫描示缩窄端管径明显改善。结论新型覆膜CP支架置入治疗CoA,近期效果满意,中远期疗效有待于进一步观察。     

先天性主动脉缩窄的介入治疗

目的　评价经皮血管成形术 (PTA)与血管内支架 (ES)置入治疗先天性主动脉缩窄的近中期疗效。方法　 9例先天性主动脉缩窄患者 (6例合并其他心血管疾患 )接受治疗 ,其中 6例单独行PTA治疗 ,3例行PTA与ES。术后行 1～ 78个月的随访。结果　 9例先天性主动脉缩窄介入治疗成功率为 10 0 %。术后即刻疗效好 ,跨缩窄处收缩压差由术前 (6 4 4 4± 9 2 7)mmHg(1mmHg =0 133kPa)降至 (16 89± 7 5 2 )mmHg(P <0 0 1) ,术前与术后主动脉缩窄段最窄处直径由 (3 5 9± 1 0 0 )mm增至(12 0 8± 2 5 5 )mm(P <0 0 1)。目前平均随访 (32 11± 2 5 6 6 )个月 (1～ 78个月 ) ,8例疗效满意 ,1例患者PTA术后 3年出现症状性高血压 ,外院接受ES置入 ,术后 3个月因症状反复行外科手术治疗。结论　介入方法治疗先天性主动脉缩窄安全、有效。     

肝素包裹冠脉内支架植入治疗冠心病

目的 评估Wiktor-Gx hepamed冠脉内支架的临床疗效.方法和结果 15例不稳定性心绞痛患者植入该冠脉内支架.植入支架的压力为9.7±1.8个大气压.术后即刻残余狭窄10.3%±9.8%,支架术后的急性获得1.96±0.51mm,后期丢失0.58±0.91mm.术后未给肝素和华法令,仅服抗血小板药物.术后住院3±1d.随访378±66d,其中2例再狭窄.在住院期和随访期,无1例发生严重心脏事件、出血、血栓形成和再阻塞.结论 非高压扩张和无肝素和华法令抗凝的Wiktor-GX Hepamed冠脉内支架术是安全和有效的.     

血管内支架成形术治疗颈动脉狭窄45例分析

目的探讨血管内支架成形术治疗颈动脉狭窄的疗效和经验。方法对45例颈动脉狭窄患者行血管内支架成形术,术后行全脑血管造影及颈动脉彩超检查,进行影像学随访。结果狭窄血管均成功扩张,术前、术后狭窄段血管管腔分别为(2.84±1.18)mm和(5.86±0.65)mm,术后残余狭窄程度均<20%。临床随访无TIA或脑缺血发作,无1例发生再狭窄,3个月后颈部血管彩色超声检查,狭窄段管腔内径为(5.84±0.33)mm,与术后即刻狭窄段管腔内径(5.86±0.65)mm比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论血管内支架成形术治疗颈动脉狭窄是安全、有效的。     

国产金属内支架植入治疗下腔静脉良恶性节段性阻塞

目的　探讨植入国产金属支架介入治疗节段性良、恶性下腔静脉阻塞的临床价值。方法　 4 8例患者中良性阻塞 30例 ,完全性 8例 ,不完全性 2 2例 ;恶性阻塞 18例 ,完全性和不完全性各 9例。采用经皮股静脉途径植入国产下腔静脉支架。结果　 4 8例患者 ,平均病变长度 (5 .3± 2 .8)cm ,均一次手术成功 ,阻塞下方下腔静脉压由术前 (2 1.4± 5 .1)mmHg降为 (8.4± 3.3)mmHg(P <0 .0 1)。随访 3～36个月 ,术后下腔静脉通畅率为 83.3% ,无严重并发症 ;38例下腔静脉阻塞相关临床症状和体征完全消失 ,10例明显改善。结论　国产下腔静脉支架植入是治疗节段性良恶性下腔静脉阻塞的重要手段。     

再次球囊扩张术治疗风湿性左房室瓣狭窄的疗效评价

目的　评价左房室瓣球囊扩张术(PBMV)后再狭窄的病例再次作球囊扩张术的临床效果。方法　5 0 1例接受球囊扩张术的患者,分为首次球囊扩张组(45 3例)及再次球囊扩张组(48例) ,球囊扩张前后用超声及导管测左房室瓣口面积(MVA)、左房前后径(LAD)、左房压(LAP) ,比较两组患者这些参数在PBMV前后的变化情况。结果　首次球囊扩张组与再次球囊扩张组PBMV后MVA分别由术前的(0 .86±0 .2 5 )、(1.0 9±0 .2 6 )cm2 增加至(1.87±0 .2 7)、(1.86±0 .30 )cm2 ;LAD分别由(46 .0 9±7.5 7)、(49.74±9.88)mm减少至(41.6 4±7.97)、(45 .4 1±8.4 4 )mm ;LAP分别由(2 9.2 6±6 .6 4 )、(30 .5 2±5 .2 8)mmHg下降至(16 .14±5 .13)、(2 2 .35±7.83)mmHg(P均<0 .0 0 1) ;再次球囊扩张组较首次球囊扩张组术后MVA增加的幅度(术前术后的差值)小(0 .72±0 .2 2vs 0 .99±0 .2 7,P <0 .0 0 1) ;左房压下降的幅度则较低(8.33±4 .17vs 13.0 7±5 .77,P <0 .0 0 1) ;两组各种并发症及总的并发症均未见统计学差异。结论　球囊扩张术后再狭窄的患者,再次作球囊扩张术仍然是安全有效的,但效果不如首次扩张组     

超声心动图在肺动脉分支狭窄支架植入术中的应用

目的:评价超声心动图在肺血管分支狭窄支架植入术中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析13例肺血管分支狭窄支架植入患者术前、术中及术后随访的的超声心动图诊断资料。结果:13例患者术前超声诊断均正确,术前超声测量狭窄段血管内径为(0.49±0.19)cm,心血管造影测量狭窄段内径为(0.54±0.25)cm,二者间高度相关(P<0.01,r=0.94);术前超声估测跨狭窄段压差为(62.25±26.41)mmHg,心导管所测压差为(45.73±32.03)mmHg,二者间高度相关(P<0.05,r=0.88)。13例患者共植入16根血管支架,术后即刻超声估测压差为(22.44±14.49)mmHg,较术前明显下降(P<0.01)。术后1个月随访,14根支架效果良好,2根支架发生异位,滑脱入右心室。结论:超声心动图在肺动脉分支狭窄的术前诊断、支架植入术中监测、术后即刻效果判断及随访中起重要作用,是一种有效的监测手段。     

肾动脉狭窄支架术对肾功能和血压的作用

目的　评估经皮肾动脉支架术对肾动脉狭窄患者肾功能和血压的改善作用。方法　入选 87例单侧或双侧肾动脉明显狭窄 (管腔内径减少 >70 % )行经皮腔内肾动脉支架术患者。比较各例术前、术后4 8h及随访期血清肌酐、肾小球滤过率 (GFR)及血压变化。结果　 87例患者 (98处病变 )均成功植入肾动脉支架。术后 4 8h平均血清肌酐较术前轻微升高 [术前 (176± 2 1) μmol/L和术后 (179± 11) μmol/L ,P =0 .15 ) ,但术后 6个月随访平均血清肌酐较术前显著降低 [(14 9± 15 ) μmol/L ,比较术前P <0 .0 0 1]。术后 6个月 ,GFR显著增加 [(5 1± 8)ml/min和 (37± 11)mL/min ,P <0 .0 0 1],且 6 1%患者血清肌酐测值恢复正常。收缩压及舒张压显著降低 [术前 :(16 3± 2 3/ 96± 13)mmHg ,术后 6个月 :(14 8± 12 / 79± 15 )mmHg ,P均 <0 .0 0 1) ,6 7%患者术后 6个月血压控制良好。结论　经皮肾动脉支架术手术成功率高 ,其对患者肾功能及控制血压具明显改善作用。     

经皮肺动脉瓣球囊成形术的疗效观察

目的　观察经皮肺动脉瓣成形术 (PBPV)治疗先天性心脏病单纯肺动脉瓣狭窄 (PS)或合并肺动脉瓣狭窄的疗效。方法　选自 1997年 5月至 2 0 0 3年 6月我科经PBPV治疗 2 7例单纯肺动脉瓣狭窄 ,1例法洛三联症 ,1例Ebstein畸形合并肺动脉瓣狭窄。术中经右心导管测得肺动脉右心室收缩压差 (PPG) :平均PPG为 (77.6± 2 4 .8mmHg) ,其中轻度狭窄(2 0mmHg相似文献   

应用Cheatham Platinum支架治疗主动脉缩窄的急性并发症分析

目的:探讨Cheatham Platinum支架（CPs）治疗主动脉缩窄（CoA）的效果及急性并发症的发生情况。方法:回顾性分析2014年6月至2018年12月首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院介入诊疗科以CPs植入术治疗CoA连续87例患者的临床资料,其中男54例、女33例,年龄21（18,25）岁, 对发生急性并发症的患...     

微创玻切联合手术治疗青光眼术后并发恶性青光眼

目的探讨23G微创玻切联合手术治疗青光眼术后恶性青光眼的临床疗效。方法对中国医科大学附属盛京医院眼科2014年1-12月收治的15例(15眼)患闭角型青光眼行小梁切除术后并发恶性青光眼的患者,采用前瞻性临床研究,施行23G玻切头前段玻璃体切割+白内障摘除+人工晶状体植入+后囊切开术。术后观察、比较的指标包括:视力,眼压,前房深度,角膜状况及手术并发症。所有研究对象平均随访6个月。结果 15例患者(15眼)术后视力较术前得到不同程度的改善。其中,14例患者眼压控制良好,眼压由术前的(39.48±2.43)mm Hg下降至术后的(14.20±3.62)mm Hg(P<0.01);1例患者加用抗青光眼药物治疗。15例患者前房均形成,术后前房深度增至(2.06±0.04)mm,较术前明显加深(F=9.68,P<0.01);术后6个月角膜均透明,无角膜内皮失代偿、眼压失控、眼球感染、球内出血等严重并发症。结论 23G微创玻璃体切割联合手术治疗小梁切除术后并发恶性青光眼有效,并且避免了传统玻璃体切割手术的并发症。     

经皮顺行性输尿管支架介入治疗输尿管狭窄的护理

目的 探讨经皮顺行输尿管支架介入治疗输尿管狭窄的护理.方法 对35例患者通过术前病房护理,给予营养支持治疗;做好术中准备和配合工作,监测生命体征;术后做好饮食指导、体位指导、并发症的观察和护理及出院指导.结果 35例输尿管支架置放术均一次成功,术后肾功能明显改善,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);通过积极的护理干预措施,腰酸腰痛、膀胱刺激症、血尿及尿路感染等并发症均得到了有效的缓解.结论 全面、周到、细致护理是完成经皮顺行输尿管支架置入治疗输尿管狭窄和减少术后并发症的重要保证.     

布-加综合征介入治疗近期效果评价中脾脏剪切波速与门静脉压力相关性研究

目的 探讨脾脏剪切波速(SWV)与门静脉压力相关性在布-加综合征(BCS)介入治疗近期效果评价中的应用价值.方法 收集2016年5月至10月收治的30例BCS患者临床资料,检测受治血管开通前后2次肝静脉压力梯度(HVPG),检测介入术前、术后2d及术后1个月脾脏SWV、门静脉流速及内径并计算其比值,并对上述指标进行统计学分析.结果 30例患者均治疗成功.HVPG均值由术前(13.70±4.55) mmHg显著下降至术后(3.20±1.94) mmHg(P＜0.05);术前、术后HVPG差值与术前、术后2d脾脏SWV差值及门静脉流速-内径差值均呈正相关(r=0.856,P＜0.000 1;r=0.741,P＜0.000 1).结论 脾脏SWV与HVPG有良好相关性,可用于评价BCS患者术后近期疗效.     

多层螺旋CT血管成像诊断主动脉离断和缩窄的初步应用

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA)对主动脉弓离断(IAA)和缩窄(CoA)的诊断价值,并与超声检查进行比较。方法:回顾性分析11例术前临床疑诊IAA和CoA患者的MSCTA和超声检查结果,并与手术结果进行对比分析。11例中IAA3例,CoA7例,主动脉折曲1例;合并动脉导管未闭(PDA)5例,室间隔缺损(VSD)4例。结果:11例中MSCTA诊断IAA3例,疑诊1例;诊断CoA6例、假性主动脉缩窄1例。超声检出IAA2例,其中1例为疑诊,漏诊IAA1例;诊断CoA8例,其中1例为误诊。MSCTA检出VSD2例,PDA3例;超声检出VSD5例,PDA6例。MSCTA可较好显示主动脉离断和缩窄的部位、程度及其合并的心内外畸形和侧支循环的情况。结论:MSCTA是诊断主动脉离断和缩窄的重要方法,为临床提供直观参考,结合超声检查可提高对合并心内畸形的诊断。     

Endovascular stenting for unsuccessful angioplasty of the aorta in aortoarteritis

Purpose: The efficacy and safety of endovascular stent implantation to correct dissection or a suboptimal result after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was evaluated in patients suffering from aortic stenosis due to aortoarteritis. Methods: Twelve children and young adults [aged (mean ± SD) 18.2 ± 8.7 years] underwent stent implantation after PTA of the aorta, seven for obstructive dissection, four for ineffective balloon dilatation, and one for recurrent restenosis. Nine patients underwent implantation of self-expandable stents and three received balloon-expandable Palmaz stents. Results: Stent implantation could be successfully performed in all 12 patients. After stent implantation, the peak systolic pressure gradient decreased from 91 ± 33.5 mmHg to 12.4 ± 12.5 mmHg (p < 0.001). The diameter of the stenosed segment increased from 4.6 ± 0.8 mm to 11.1 ± 1.9 mm (p < 0.001). The dissection was completely covered in all seven patients with dissection. Except for epigastric pain with vomiting in one patient, there was no complication. On follow-up, over 12–57 months (mean 26.8 ± 10.8 months), 11 patients (91.6%) had marked improvement in their blood pressure. Patients with congestive heart failure and claudication also showed improvement. Repeat catheterization in five patients, between 6–30 months (mean 16.8 ± 9.1 months) after stent implantation, showed sustained improvement in four and a fusiform, long segment, intrastent restenosis after 30 months in one child. The stenosis was safely redilated. Conclusion: Endovascular aortic stent implantation is safe and provides good immediate relief in patients with unsatisfactory results after balloon angioplasty. Improvement is sustained in most patients on intermediate-term follow-up.     

Endovascular occlusion of an aortic coarctation after thoracic endovascular aortic repair of an anastomotic aneurysm

A 58-year-old man with a history of aortic and mitral mechanical valve replacement was referred to our hospital for symptomatic chronic heart failure. In 1988, he had undergone open surgical correction of an isthmic aortic coarctation (CoA), with the creation of an extra-anatomic bypass from the left subclavian artery to the descending thoracic aorta. The following findings were found: severe mitral valve failure with perivalvular leakage, severe aortic valve stenosis, pulmonary hypertension, distal anastomotic aneurysm with the apparent occlusion of the CoA. A thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair was performed. A postoperative high-pressure leak with no evident signs of ineffective sealing was observed. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) 3D reconstruction demonstrated the recanalization of the CoA. A second procedure was planned. The CoA was anterogradely cannulated. Three coils were deployed into the aneurysmal sac, followed by a vascular plug, positioned on the coarctation conduit, but it failed to anchor and dislocated into the sac. A second plug was deployed, but it also partially dislocated. Finally, a patent foramen ovale occluder device was deployed to occlude the communication. The final angiogram showed the complete occlusion of the coarctation and correction of the leak, which was confirmed by a 6-month post-operative CTA.

For patients who undergo surgical repair of aortic coarctation (CoA), lifelong follow-up should be mandatory, due to the risk of long-term complications. Up-to-date guidelines suggest surgical correction of the CoA in infants, in order to maintain the aortic flow, while an endovascular approach is preferred in adults (1, 2). We describe a case of CoA catheter-based occlusion with a patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure device.A 58-year-old man with a history of aortic and mitral mechanical valve replacement was referred to our hospital for symptomatic chronic heart failure. In 1988, he had undergone open surgical correction of an isthmic aortic coarctation, with the creation of an extra-anatomic bypass from the left subclavian artery to the descending thoracic aorta.Transesophageal and transthoracic ultrasound evaluations showed severe mitral valve failure with perivalvular leakage, severe aortic valve stenosis, and pulmonary hypertension. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) confirmed the aforementioned findings and showed enlargement of the anastomotic aneurysm (from 47 mm to 58 mm) with the apparent occlusion of the CoA (Fig. 1a). Progressive worsening of the symptoms required prompt surgical substitution of the mechanic valves. However, after consultation with the cardiac surgery team, it was decided to postpone the procedure to perform thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair (TEVAR) first, in order to reduce the risk of aneurysm rupture during open heart surgery.Open in a separate windowFigure 1. a, bComputed tomography angiography (CTA) image (a) confirms enlargement of the anastomotic aneurysm with apparent occlusion of the aortic coarctation. Standard thoracic endovascular aortic repair was performed with a Conformable C-TAG (b, 31/150 mm, W. L. Gore and Associates). LSA, left subclavian artery; DTA, descending thoracic aorta.     

原发性高血压伴左心室肥厚患者的升主动脉弹性

目的:探讨原发性高血压伴左心室肥厚(LVH)患者的升主动脉弹性特征.方法:192例诊断为原发性高血压患者采用128层双源CT行冠状动脉CT成像.将原始数据每间隔5％RR间期进行全时相重建.以垂直于左冠状动脉主干发出主动脉根部层面为参考平面,取其上25 mm作为升主动脉兴趣层面.采用三个较常见的指标可扩张度(AD)、动脉顺应性(AC)、动脉僵硬度(ASI)评价升主动脉弹性.结果:原发性高血压伴LVH组52例(26.6％),不伴LVH组140例(73.4％).伴LVH组和不伴LVH组间高血压病程和24h平均收缩压及脉压有统计学差异.伴LVH组的升主动脉AD[(1.71±0.96)×10 3mmHg 1 vs(3.14±1.21)×10-3 mmHg-1]和AC[(1.03±0.49)mm2mmHg-1 vs (1.72±0.79)mm2mmHg-1]较不伴LVH组显著降低,而ASI(11.07±6.6 vs21.39±15.22)显著增加(P均＜0.001);俩组间升主动脉标化舒张期最小直径无统计学差异,最小面积和肱踝脉波传导速度(baPWV)有统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论:高血压合并LVH患者的升主动脉弹性较无LVH者明显减退,其程度强于传统baPWV和形态学.在不增加医疗成本前提下,利用冠状动脉CT成像获得升主动脉弹性指标,对早期识别高血压LVH有一定的临床意义.     

Diagnostic value of the flow profile in the distal descending aorta by phase-contrast magnetic resonance for predicting severe coarctation of the aorta

Purpose:

To compare aortic flow profiles at the level of the proximal descending (PDAo) and distal descending aorta (DDAo) in patients investigated for coarctation of the aorta (CoA), and compare their respective diagnostic value for predicting severe CoA. Diastolic flow decay in the PDAo predicts severe CoA, but flow measurements at this level are limited by flow turbulence, aliasing, and stent‐related artifacts.

Materials and Methods:

We studied 49 patients evaluated for CoA with phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC‐MRI). Parameters of diastolic flow decay in the PDAo and DDAo were compared. Their respective diagnostic value was compared with the standard reference of transcatheter peak gradient ≥20 mmHg.

Results:

Flow measurement in the PDAo required repeated acquisition with adjustment of encoding velocity or location of the imaging plane in 69% of patients; measurement in the DDAo was achieved in single acquisition in all cases. Parameters of diastolic flow decay in the PDAo and DDAo, including rate‐corrected (RC) deceleration time and RC flow deceleration yielded a good correlation (r = 0.78; P < 0.01, and r = 0.92; P < 0.01), and a similar diagnostic value for predicting severe CoA. The highest diagnostic accuracy was achieved by RC deceleration time at DDAo (sensitivity 85%, specificity 85%).

Conclusion:

Characterization of aortic flow profiles at the DDAo offers a quick and reliable noninvasive means of assessing hemodynamically significant CoA. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:1440–1446. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

942例颅内动脉瘤患者血管内治疗围术期出血并发症分析及防治

目的：分析942例颅内动脉瘤患者行血管内治疗的围术期出血并发症发生情况，并探讨其处理措施。 方法：收集2011年1月至2019年4月复旦大学附属华山医院收治的942例颅内动脉瘤患者（1 055个动脉瘤），分析围术期出血并发症发生原因，探讨围术期用药方案，总结防治措施。 结果：本组942例患者发生出血性并发症共12例（1.27%），其中术中出血9例、术后出血3例。9例术中出血无一例致死致残，其中因弹簧圈损伤瘤腔致动脉瘤破裂6例，微导管损伤瘤腔致动脉瘤破裂2例，微导丝损伤远端小分支导致出血1例。9例患者均预后良好，出院前mRS评分较入院时未增加。术后出血3例均死亡，其中2例蛛网膜下腔出血可能与瘤腔栓塞不全或术后肝素化有关，1例基底节区血肿可能与术后血压一过性增高有关。 结论：术前不常规应用抗血小板聚集药物及肝素化可降低术中出血导致的致死率，及时识别并处理后多数患者预后良好。术后出血发生率低，但预后差，病死率高。术前充分评估危险因素，术中致密填塞瘤腔，术后慎用抗凝治疗，可改善出血患者的预后。