AngioJet血栓清除装置治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成初步临床应用

目的 探讨AngioJet血栓机械性清除装置治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的效果和安全性.方法 回顾性分析2014年7月至2015年10月收治的55例急性下肢DVT患者临床资料,其中23例接受AngioJet血栓清除装置治疗(A组),32例接受置管溶栓治疗(B组).评价两组患者治疗期间应用尿激酶总量、溶栓时间、住院时间、消肿率及并发症发生情况.结果 A、B组患者尿激酶总用量分别为(106.09±61.92)×104 U、(204.38±108.27)×104 U,溶栓时间分别为(3.00±2.35)d、(5.11±2.57)d,住院时间分别为(7.39±0.94)d、(9.19±2.26)d,差异均有统计学意义(P值分别为0.001、0.003、0.001);患肢消肿率分别为(76.60±19.07)％、(73.59±25.22)％,并发症发生率分别为4.35％(1/23)、6.25％ (2/32),差异无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).结论 AngioJet血栓机械性清除装置治疗急性下肢DVT可明显提高血栓清除效率,减少尿激酶用量,缩短药物溶栓时间及住院治疗时间,且疗效良好,值得临床上进一步推广应用.     

AngioJet血栓清除术在急性下肢动脉缺血治疗中的应用

目的 探讨AngioJet血栓清除术在治疗急性下肢动脉缺血(ALI)中的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2016年11月经AngioJet血栓清除术治疗的12例ALI患者临床资料,以心肌梗死溶栓(TIMI)治疗后血流分级评估血流灌注情况,Cooley疗效评分标准评价临床疗效.结果 AngioJet血栓清除术技术成功率为91.7％(11/12),平均恢复灌注时间为(1.6±0.7)h.临床成功率为83.3％(10/12),保肢率为91.7％(11/12).TIMI分级由术前0级8例,1级4例,改善为术后即刻0级1例,1级3例,2级8例.11例(91.7％)下肢缺血症状有明显改善,1例(8.3％)术后虽经导管接触溶栓(CDT)治疗24 h,但TIMI分级仍0级且肢体缺血症状未改善,予以外科膝上截肢治疗.Cooley疗效评分显示,痊愈4例(33.3％),良好6例(50.0％),一般1例(8.3％),较差1例(8.3％),未发生严重出血并发症.结 论AngioJet血栓清除术可快速恢复ALI患者血流灌注,阻止病变进一步恶化,提高保肢率,有较好的临床应用价值.     

经颈静脉AngioJet治疗有溶栓禁忌的急性下肢深静脉血栓形成24例

【摘要】 目的 探讨AngioJet血栓清除系统治疗有溶栓禁忌的急性下肢深静脉血栓形成（DVT）的效果及经颈静脉途径特点。方法 对24例有溶栓禁忌的急性DVT患者施行经右颈静脉途径DSA造影、下腔静脉滤器置入、AngioJet血栓抽吸、经皮腔内血管成形（PTA）、支架植入、取出滤器。观察血栓抽吸疗效及手术相关并发症。 结果 24例患者AngioJet血栓清除治疗均获得成功。其中21例（87%）血栓清除为Ⅲ级,3例（13%）为Ⅱ级。19例（79%）置入下腔静脉滤器并全部取出。7例（29%）伴有髂静脉受压综合征患者接受PTA,其中3例（43%）植入支架。所有患者均出现不同程度血红蛋白尿,22例48 h内消失,2例72 h内恢复正常,均未出现大出血、肾衰竭等严重并发症。术后随访6～12个月,1例失访,1例复发。 结论 经颈静脉途径AngioJet血栓清除系统治疗有溶栓禁忌的急性DVT安全可行,疗效好,并发症少。     

AngioJet血栓清除术治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成的术中护理实践

【摘要】 目的 总结AngioJet血栓清除术治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成（LEDVT）的术中护理配合经验。 方法 收集206例AngioJet血栓清除术治疗急性LEDVT患者的临床资料，患者均予以充分的术前准备和规范的术中护理配合，包括心理护理与术前访谈、手术器材及药品准备、手术配合、生命体征的观察、疼痛和体位变动护理、特殊用药护理、并发症预防术后处置及交接。结果 206例患者均顺利完成手术，即刻血栓清除评价:Ⅰ级9例，Ⅱ级82例，Ⅲ级115例。48例患者术中感觉不适主要为患肢胀痛、胸闷、心悸。12例高血压、5例低血压、6例窦性心动过速、145例血红蛋白尿患者，经及时护理干预后均缓解。所有患者在围手术期中均未出现急性肾功能损伤、无失血过多、症状性肺栓塞等严重并发症。 结论 完善的术前准备与高效而细致的术中配合是AngioJet血栓清除术安全、顺利完成的重要保障。     

流变血栓清除术治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成

目的　评价流变血栓清除术治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成的临床疗效与安全性。资料与方法　 17例 1周内的急性下肢深静脉血栓形成患者 ,其中血栓形成位于髂静脉 1例 ,髂股静脉 4例 ,股静脉 6例 ,股静脉 5例 ,静脉 1例。血栓长度 4～ 3 0cm ,平均 11.2 9± 5 .86cm。采用经皮穿刺方法 ,置入 6F或 8FOasis流变溶栓导管并与高压注射器连接 ,将生理盐水以 2 .5ml/s的流率和 5 171kPa的压力注入 ,行流变血栓清除术 ,观察血管开通、临床疗效以及并发症发生情况。结果　流变血栓清除术后 ,17例重建了前向血流 ,并清除了绝大部分血栓物质 ,技术成功率 (残留狭窄 <5 0 % )为 10 0 %。 15及 3 0天的初始血管开通率均为 10 0 % ,无严重并发症发生。结论　流变血栓清除术能迅速、安全、有效地清除下肢深静脉急性血栓     

机械血栓清除术治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓患者围术期护理

目的 探讨机械血栓清除术治疗下肢深静脉血栓围手术期护理措施.方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2016年2月,在血管外科行机械血栓清除术的9例患者的临床资料,总结其护理方法,探讨护理要点.结果 患者均成功完成机械血栓清除治疗,9例患者术后均恢复静脉血流.经过术后严密的治疗护理,患者下肢肿胀症状均明显改善(P＜0.05),无围术期并发症发生.结论 机械血栓清除术治疗下肢深静脉血栓围术期护理尤为重要,掌握护理重点,做好相应的护理措施,有助于患者病情恢复.     

机械性血栓清除术联合同期髂静脉支架植入治疗合并左髂静脉受压综合征的急性下肢深静脉血栓形成

目的：评价经皮机械性血栓清除术联合同期髂静脉支架植入治疗合并左髂静脉受压综合征的急性下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）形成的可行性、安全性及有效性。 方法：选取2015年4月-2017年6月收治左髂静脉受压综合征伴急性下肢DVT的患者33例,发病时间6 h-14 d,平均年龄（57.97±14.44）岁。所有患者均在滤器保护下进行治疗。AngioJet血栓清除术、球囊扩张和髂静脉支架植入均在同期完成,术后保留鞘管予以溶栓治疗,每天复查造影,若血栓完全溶解,取出下腔静脉滤器并结束溶栓。术后第1、3、6、12个月进行门诊随访,行彩色超声和（或）下肢静脉造影检查了解下肢深静脉及髂支架内血流通畅情况。 结果：33例患者均同期完成手术,技术成功率100%,AngioJet抽吸时间为（224.70±72.78）s,溶栓时间（34.00±15.37）h,尿激酶用量（112.58±49.92）万U。33例患者同期植入髂静脉支架33枚。血栓清除率Ⅲ级患者29例,血栓清除率Ⅱ级患者4例。无出血、症状性肺栓等严重并发症发生。术后随访1例患者术后两月血栓复发,32例患者术后随访超声和（或）下肢静脉造影检查提示下肢深静脉及髂静脉支架内血流通畅。 结论：机械性血栓清除术联合同期髂静脉支架植入治疗合并左髂静脉受压综合征的急性下肢深静脉血栓形成是一种安全有效的方法。     

AngioJet血栓清除装置一次性治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成的应用

目的初步研究采用AngioJet血栓清除装置及其辅助措施一次性治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成的可行性、安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2016年06月~2016年12月连续收治的急性下肢深静脉血栓形成患者18例。采用治疗方案:放置Aegisy可回收滤器,滤器释放后不予解脱,球囊导管对血栓段行扩张碎栓,AngioJet导管行血栓抽吸,若合并髂静脉狭窄则同期行球囊扩张,残余狭窄50%时同期植入支架,血栓清除后即刻取出滤器,术后保留鞘管溶栓,24h造影复查。结果治疗过程中3例未置滤器,15例置入临时滤器,其中12例(12/15,80.0%)滤器同期取出,3例(3/15,20.0%)溶栓结束后取出。15例患者合并髂静脉狭窄,同期扩张后植入髂静脉支架16枚。所有患者均未放置溶栓导管。术后即刻血栓清除Ⅲ级13例(13/18,72%),Ⅱ级5例(5/18,28%),经鞘管溶栓后血栓清除Ⅲ级15例(15/18,83%),Ⅱ级3例(3/18,17%)。血栓平均抽吸时间(216.61±56.60)s,平均尿激酶用量(108.89±56.45)万U,平均溶栓时间(36.00±18.86)h。无症状性肺栓塞、严重出血以及其他严重并发症发生。随访时间6~11月,持续静脉通畅,无血栓复发。结论利用AngioJet血栓清除装置及其辅助措施一次性治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成是一种安全、有效的方法,简化了介入治疗过程,提高患者舒适度,具有潜在的缩短溶栓时间及减少用栓药物剂量、提高血栓清除效率等优势。     

AngioJet机械血栓清除在急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞治疗中的应用价值

【摘要】 目的 探讨AngioJet机械血栓清除装置治疗急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞（ASMAE）的临床效果。 方法 回顾性分析2019年2月至2020年3月单中心采用AngioJet机械血栓清除装置治疗的7例ASMAE患者临床资料。观察评价临床疗效和手术相关并发症。结果 7例术中血管造影均显示肠系膜上动脉（SMA）主干闭塞,其中1例伴空肠动脉栓塞。5例完全取栓,2例部分取栓,其中1例伴空肠动脉栓塞结合导管接触溶栓（CDT）治疗3 d后血栓完全清除,1例SMA主干残留附壁血栓结合球囊扩张后狭窄解除。1例术后5 d因多脏器衰竭死亡,2例术后出现血红蛋白尿,其余患者未出现手术相关并发症。6例随访3～12个月,无腹痛、腹胀发生。结论 AngioJet机械血栓清除治疗ASMAE微创、安全有效,可作为ASMAE一种替代性血管内治疗方法。     

腔内介入治疗Cockett综合征伴左下肢深静脉血栓形成

目的 探讨Cockett综合征伴左下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)腔内介入治疗的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2015年1月收治的256例Cockett综合征伴左下肢DVT患者,采用经导管接触溶栓、球囊扩张闭塞/狭窄段或支架植入术治疗,比较治疗前后患肢周径差、远期通畅率.结果 256例Cockett综合征伴左下肢DVT患者中232例(90.6％)血栓完全溶解.24例(9.4％)部分溶解,治疗前后患肢大腿与小腿周径差分别为(7.12±2.15) cm、(4.57±2.81) cm.206例髂静脉重建患者中单纯球囊扩张46例,球囊扩张联合髂静脉支架植入160例;平均随访15个月(9～24个月),单纯球囊扩张患者失访3例,出现髂静脉闭塞26例(60.5％),血栓后综合征(PTS)21例(48.8％),球囊扩张联合支架植入患者失访11例,支架狭窄/闭塞13例(8.7％),PTS 15例(10.1％),两组闭塞/狭窄、PTS差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001).结论 导管接触溶栓、球囊扩张联合支架植入治疗Cockett综合征,具有确切的临床疗效.     

Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis with Percutaneous Rheolytic Thrombectomy Versus Thrombolysis Alone in Upper and Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis

Purpose To compare the efficacy of catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) alone versus CDT with rheolytic percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT) for upper and lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Methods A retrospective cohort of consecutive patients with acute iliofemoral or brachiosubclavian DVT treated with urokinase CDT was identified, and a chart review was conducted. Demographic characteristics, treatment duration, total lytic dose, clot lysis rates and complications were compared in patients treated with urokinase CDT alone or combined CDT and rheolytic PMT. Results Forty limbs in 36 patients were treated with urokinase CDT alone. Twenty-seven limbs in 21 patients were treated with urokinase CDT and rheolytic PMT. The mean treatment duration for urokinase CDT alone was 48.0 ± 27.1 hr compared with 26.3 ± 16.6 hr for urokinase CDT and rheolytic PMT (p = 0.0004). The mean urokinase dose required for CDT alone was 5.6 ± 5.3 million units compared with 2.7 ± 1.8 million units for urokinase CDT with rheolytic PMT (p = 0.008). Complete clot lysis was achieved in 73% (29/40) of DVT treated with urokinase CDT alone compared with 82% (22/27) treated with urokinase CDT with rheolytic PMT. Conclusion Percutaneous CDT with rheolytic PMT is as effective as CDT alone for acute proximal extremity DVT but requires significantly shorter treatment duration and lower lytic doses. Randomized studies to confirm the benefits of pharmacomechanical thrombolysis in the treatment of acute proximal extremity DVT are warranted.     

Percutaneous AngioJet thrombectomy in the management of extensive deep venous thrombosis

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of a percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT) device for rapid thrombus removal following deep venous thrombosis (DVT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over a 37-month period, 17 patients (14 women; mean age, 41 y +/- 20) with extensive DVT were treated with initial attempts at PMT with use of the AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy device. Sites of venous thrombosis included lower extremities in 14 patients and upper extremity and brachiocephalic veins in three. The etiology for venous thrombosis was malignancy in seven, idiopathic etiology in three, May-Thurner syndrome and immobilization in three each, and oral contraceptive use and hypercoagulable disorder in one each. The primary endpoint was venographic evidence of thrombus extraction. Perioperative complications, mortality, and recurrence-free survival were also evaluated. RESULTS: After PMT, four of 17 patients (24%) had venographic evidence of >90% thrombus removal, six of 17 (35%) had 50%-90% thrombus removal, and seven of 17 (41%) had <50% thrombus extraction. Adjunctive thrombolytic therapy was used in nine of 13 patients with <90% thrombus extraction by PMT; six patients (35%) had contraindications to pharmacologic thrombolytic therapy. An underlying lesion responsible for the occlusion was uncovered in 10 patients (59%). Significant improvement in clinical symptoms was seen in 14 of 17 patients (82%). No complications were noted directly relating to the use of the AngioJet thrombectomy catheter. None of the patients were lost to follow-up during a mean of 8.9 months +/- 5.3 (range, 2-21 months). At 4 and 11 months, recurrence-free survival rates were 81.6% and 51.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: PMT with adjunctive thrombolytic therapy is a minimally invasive, low-risk therapeutic option in patients with extensive DVT, associated with clinical benefits including thrombus removal, patency, and relief of symptoms.     

Comparison of the angiojet rheolytic catheter to surgical thrombectomy for the treatment of thrombosed hemodialysis grafts. Peripheral AngioJet Clinical Trial.

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical effectiveness of the AngioJet F105 rheolytic catheter to that of surgical thrombectomy for the treatment of thrombosed hemodialysis grafts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a multicenter, prospective, randomized trial comparing technical success, primary patency, and complication rates. A total of 153 patients were enrolled: 82 patients in the AngioJet group and 71 patients in the surgical thrombectomy group. Patient follow-up was performed 24-48 hours, 1 month, and 6 months after the procedures. RESULTS: Technical success, as defined by the patient's ability to undergo hemodialysis treatment, was 73.2% for the AngioJet group and 78.8% for the surgical thrombectomy group (P = .41). The primary patency rates of the AngioJet group were 32%, 21%, and 15% at 1, 2, and 3 months, respectively. The primary patency rates for the surgical group were 41%, 32%, and 26% at 1, 2, and 3 months, respectively. This difference approached statistical significance (P = .053). The groups had similar complication rates-14.6% in the AngioJet group and 14.1% in the surgery group-although the surgery group had more major complications (11.3%). In the AngioJet group, there was a transient increase in plasma-free hemoglobin, which normalized within 24-48 hours. CONCLUSIONS: The AngioJet F105 catheter provides similar clinical results when compared to surgical thrombectomy for the treatment of thrombosed hemodialysis grafts. The difference in patency rates between these two techniques approached statistical significance. In addition, results of both thrombectomy methods were inferior to those suggested by the Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines.     

Rheolytic thrombectomy of the occluded internal carotid artery in the setting of acute ischemic stroke

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Acute thromboembolic stroke complicated by ipsilateral carotid occlusion may present both mechanical and inflow-related barriers to effective intracranial thrombolysis. We sought to review our experience with a novel method of mechanical thrombectomy, in such cases, using the Possis AngioJet system, a rheolytic thrombectomy device. METHODS: A review of our interventional neuroradiology database revealed three patients in whom an occluded cervical internal carotid artery was encountered during endovascular treatment for acute stroke and in whom thrombectomy was attempted, using the 5F Possis AngioJet thrombectomy catheter. The medical records and radiographic studies of these patients were reviewed. RESULTS: Three patients were identified (ages, 52--84 years). Two patients had isolated occlusion of the internal carotid artery; in one patient, thrombus extended down into the common carotid artery. Treatment was initiated within 190 to 360 minutes of stroke onset. Thrombectomy of the carotid artery was deemed necessary because of poor collateral flow to the affected hemisphere (chronic contralateral internal carotid artery occlusion [one patient] and thrombus extending to the carotid "T" [one patient]) or inability to pass a microcatheter through the occluded vessel (one patient). Adjunctive therapy included pharmacologic thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator (all patients), carotid angioplasty and stenting (two patients), and middle cerebral artery angioplasty (one patient). Patency of the carotid artery was reestablished in two patients, with some residual thrombus burden. In the third patient, the device was able to create a channel through the column of thrombus, allowing intracranial access. CONCLUSION: Rheolytic thrombectomy shows potential for rapid, large-burden thrombus removal in cases of internal carotid artery thrombosis, allowing expedient access to the intracranial circulation for additional thrombolytic therapy.     

Presumed Pulmonary Embolism Following Power-Pulse Spray Thrombectomy of Upper Extremity Venous Thrombosis

To achieve more effective thrombolysis in a shorter treatment time, percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy has been increasingly used in the treatment of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). The power-pulse spray is a new technique to combine chemical and rheolytic effects on clots. We present a case of presumed pulmonary embolism following power-pulse spray treatment for upper extremity DVT which necessitated resuscitation and intubation. The power-pulse spray technique should be used with caution when treating DVT.     

Adjunctive percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy for lower-extremity deep vein thrombosis: clinical and economic outcomes

PURPOSE: To assess the clinical and economic benefits of catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) alone versus CDT with rheolytic percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT) for lower-extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consecutive patients with acute iliofemoral DVT treated with CDT with urokinase between 1997 and 2003 were identified. Demographic characteristics and clinical and economic outcomes were compared between patients treated with CDT alone versus CDT plus PMT. RESULTS: Twenty-six limbs in 23 patients received CDT with urokinase, whereas 19 limbs in 14 patients were treated with CDT plus PMT. Mean treatment duration for CDT was 56.5 +/- 27.4 hours, compared with 30.3 +/- 17.8 hours for CDT plus PMT (P = .001). Mean urokinase dose for CDT was 6.70 +/- 5.9 million U compared with 2.95 +/- 1.82 million U for CDT plus PMT (P = .011). Urokinase CDT achieved complete clot lysis in 80.7% of limbs (n = 21) compared with 84.2% of limbs (n = 16) treated with CDT plus PMT (P = .764). The incidences of major bleeding (CDT, 7.7%; CDT plus PMT, 5.3%; P = .749) and pulmonary embolism (CDT, 3.8%; CDT plus PMT, 5.3%; P = .818) were similar. The mean urokinase and PMT device cost for CDT alone was $10,127 compared with $5,128 for CDT plus PMT (P = .026). CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous CDT with rheolytic PMT is as effective as CDT alone for acute iliofemoral DVT but requires significantly shorter treatment and lower lytic agent dose, resulting in lower costs. Randomized studies to confirm the benefits of pharmacomechanical thrombolysis in the treatment of DVT are warranted.     

急性下肢深静脉血栓形成解剖分布与抗凝、溶栓及介入治疗的疗效比较

目的 根据急性下肢深静脉血栓形成( DVT)的部位,比较单纯抗凝、足背静脉顺行溶栓及介入治疗3种方法的疗效.方法 回顾性分析204例急性下肢DVT患者的临床资料、静脉造影结果及治疗方法.根据血栓解剖部位将DVT分为3型:周围型、中央型和混合型.每型DVT根据治疗方法分为3组.A组(37例)单纯抗凝,B组(55例)足背静脉顺行溶栓,C组(112例)介入治疗.评价每型DVT患者住院期间选择不同治疗方法的效果.根据临床症状及造影复查计算各种治疗方法的优良率,其比较采用x2检验.结果 急性DVT发生于左下肢、右下肢、双下肢分别有132、62和10例,分别有4例(3.0％)、5例(8.1％)和2例合并肺栓塞(PE),左、右、双下肢DVT合并PE的比率差异有统计学意义(x2=6.494,P=0.039).周围型、中央型、混合型DVT分别有23、48和133例,分别有2(8.7％)、5(10.4％)和4例(3.0％)合并PE,三者发生PE的比率差异无统计学意义(x2=4.350,P=0.114).23例周围型DVT中,A、B组分别为5和18例,治疗达到优良者分别为2和11例;48例中央型DVT中,A、B、C组分别为10、5和33例,治疗后达到优良的分别为1、2和26例,差异有统计学意义(x2= 16.157,P=0.000);133例混合型DVT中,A、B、C组分别为22、32和79例,治疗后达到优良的分别为1、10和65例,差异有统计学意义(x2= 53.993,P=0.000).结论 急性下肢DVT在左下肢患病率较右下肢高,且以混合型为主.3种方法中,中央型和混合型DVT介入治疗疗效最好,可根据血栓解剖分布类型指导治疗方案的选择.