CT灌注成像在肝癌TACE术后疗效评价中的应用价值

目的 探讨双源CT灌注成像(CTPI)在HCC TACE术后疗效评价中的价值.方法 对24例HCC患者于TACE术前1～3 d、术后6～8 d和30～40 d分别行双源CT灌注扫描,经肝脏CT灌注软件得到肝动脉灌注量(HAP)、门静脉灌注量(PVP)、肝动脉灌注指数(HPI)等彩色灌注图,在图像上分别测定相应的灌注参数值,观察TACE治疗前后肿瘤组织的血流灌注变化及肿瘤的大小改变,评价TACE治疗肿瘤的疗效.结果 TACE术前9例肿瘤呈均匀高灌注,15例呈不均匀高灌注.术后8例瘤灶内碘油沉积密实,16例碘油沉积不均.灌注图像显示碘油沉积区域无血流灌注,碘油稀疏及缺乏区域仍有血流灌注.所有患者术前、术后6～8 d及肿瘤残留患者复发前后的肿瘤组织HAP、HPI差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而PVP则差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术前、术后6～8 d肿瘤最大径以及肿瘤残留患者复发前后肿瘤最大径均无明显变化(P＞0.05).TACE术后,16例残瘤组织及正常肝组织HAP、PVP、HPI差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 CT灌注成像能直观和定量地反映肝癌TACE前后的血流动力学变化,有助于TACE疗效的评价.     

奥沙利铂及重组人血管内皮抑素经肝动脉灌注联合TACE治疗原发性肝癌

目的 观察奥沙利铂及重组人血管内皮抑素联合经肝动脉灌注(TACE)治疗原发性肝癌的疗效及不良反应.方法 2010年6月至2012年6月43例原发性肝癌患者采用TACE术中经肝动脉灌注奥沙利铂及重组人血管内皮抑素治疗,并根据肿瘤血管丰富程度分组,术后观察患者不良反应,并定期行实验室指标及肝脏CT/MRI/DSA评价治疗效果及不良反应.结果 富血管肿瘤组治疗的总有效率显著高于乏血管肿瘤组患者(85.7％比33.3％,P＜0.05),临床随访数据表明多数富血管的患者通过联合药物灌注治疗有效,生存时间6个月以上者达57.1％(16/28),对于乏血管肿瘤患者的治疗中病情进展的仅为26.7％(4/15).结论 TACE术中经肝动脉灌注奥沙利铂联合重组人血管内皮抑素治疗原发性肝癌安全有效.     

CT灌注成像评价肝细胞癌TACE前后血供的初步经验

目的:探讨经导管动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗肝细胞癌(HCC)前后血流灌注变化。材料和方法:对21例HCC患者TACE治疗前、后1个月行CT灌注成像扫描,测量肿瘤组织治疗前后肝动脉灌注值(HAP)、门静脉灌注值(HPP)及肝动脉灌注指数(HPI)。结果:治疗前7例肿瘤组织肝动脉灌注图呈均匀高灌注,14例呈不均匀高灌注,液化坏死区无血流灌注。门静脉灌注图,20例呈低灌注,1例无血流灌注。TACE后肿瘤组织HAP及HPI显著减少,HPP无明显变化。5例病灶碘油完全充填,16例病灶部分区域碘油充填,碘油区无血流灌注,肿瘤残留区仍有血流灌注。结论:CT灌注成像为评价TACE疗效提供了一个新方法。     

原发性肝癌TACE前后血清VEGF与CT灌注参数间相关性的研究

目的 探讨原发性肝癌(HCC)患者TACE前后血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平和CT灌注参数之间的关系. 资料与方法 对17例HCC患者于TACE术前1天及术后7～10天测量血清VEGF水平,同时行CT灌注扫描,计算肝血流量(HBF)、肝动脉灌注分数(HAF),肝动脉灌注量(HAP)、门静脉灌注量(PVP). 结果 原发性肝癌TACE前后HBF、HAP差异有统计学意义,血清VEGF与HBF、HAF、HAP呈正相关. 结论 血清VEGF水平及CT灌注可帮助评价肝癌TACE疗效.     

动脉内恩度联合化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌前后CT灌注成像的随机对照研究

目的 随机对照研究动脉内重组人血管内皮抑制素(恩度TM EndostarTM)联合化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗原发性肝癌(HCC)前后CT灌注参数的变化.资料与方法 40例临床诊断为HCC的患者,随机分成两组,各加例,分别使用动脉内恩度加TACE术及单纯TACE术,所有病例于TACE术前、术后1个月行CT灌注成像(CTPI)扫描,测量肿瘤组织治疗前后血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、血管表面渗透面积(PS)、肝动脉灌注值(ALP)、门静脉灌注值(PVP)及肝脏灌注指数(HPI).结果 动脉内恩度加TACE术组HCC患者术后1个月CTPI扫描肿瘤组织BF、ALP及HPI水平较术前降低,PVP水平较术前升高,BV、PS水平与术前相比无显著性差异;单纯TACE术组HCC患者术后1个月ALP水平较术前降低,PVP水平较术前升高,BV、BF、PS及HPI水平与术前相比无显著性差异.结论 通过比较两组HCC患者TACE前后CT灌注参数的变化,说明恩度对肿瘤血管生成有一定的抑制作用.     

外生型肝癌经导管动脉化疗栓塞治疗前后血供特点研究

目的 探讨外生型肝癌(P-HCC)经导管动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗前后血供特点.方法 回顾性分析39例P-HCC患者TACE治疗前后血管造影表现,总结其血供特点.结果 39例TACE术前血管造影发现有70支动脉参与供血,以39支(56.0％)肿瘤所在肝叶动脉供血为主,23例(59.0％)伴有31支(44.0％)肝外寄生性血管.TACE治疗前有无寄生性血管和肿瘤直径有相关性(x2=164.00,P＜0.001),与部位无相关性(x2=7.358,P=0.061).TACE治疗后所有血管造影发现有131支动脉参与供血,31例(79.5％)伴有肝外寄生性血管;其中肝内动脉53支(40.5％),肝外寄生性血管78支(59.5％),新增寄生性血管47支,呈逐渐增多(x2 =4.278,P=0.039).TACE术后肿瘤易由近邻血管获得寄生性供血.结论 P-HCC肿瘤TACE治疗前后血供以肝动脉为主,肝外寄生性血管为辅.寄生性血管与肿瘤大小密切相关,其血供丰富,来源以就近为原则.TACE治疗后易形成新的寄生性血管.     

多层螺旋CT灌注成像对肝癌TACE前后血供变化初步探讨

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT灌注成像在肝细胞癌(HCC)经导管动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)前后血供变化.方法:对17例HCC患者于TACE前1天及治疗后7～10天行CT灌注扫描,测量肿瘤组织及正常肝组织灌注参数.结果:肿瘤组织TACE术前、术后HBF、HBV、HAP存在显著差异,MTT、PS、HAF、PVP无显著差异.正常组织TACE术前、术后各灌注参数无显著差异.结论:多层螺旋CT灌注成像对评价TACE疗效及指导进一步治疗有着重要价值.     

320排 CT 及血管成像在肝癌诊断及介入治疗中的优势

目的：探讨320排 CT 在肝癌(HCC)诊断中应用价值及血管成像对介入治疗的指导价值。方法回顾性选取41例行肝动脉栓塞化疗(TACE)HCC 患者,治疗前均行320排 CT 三期扫描及血管重建,观察腹主动脉及其主要分支的起源、走行,肿瘤供血动脉、门静脉癌栓与数字减影血管造影(DSA)图像进行对比分析。结果320排 CT 对于发现直径<3 cm 的小肝癌具有优势,对于肝动脉变异、肿瘤供血动脉、门静脉癌栓的显示与 DSA 一致。结论320排 CT 及血管成像可以准确诊断、评价 HCC 并供血动脉、门静脉癌栓,对介入治疗具有重要的指导意义。     

原发性肝癌经导管动脉化疗栓塞术治疗前后血清血管内皮生长因子与CT灌注成像的相关性研究

目的探讨原发性肝癌（PLC）患者行经导管动脉栓塞（TACE）术前、术后血清血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）与肿瘤组织CT灌注参数的相关性。方法对18例PLC患者TACE术前1d,术后6～8d、32～40d行血清VEGF检测及CT灌注扫描成像（CTPI）,得到血清VEGF、肿瘤组织肝动脉灌注量（ALP）、门静脉灌注量（PVP）、肝动脉灌注指数（HPI）等参数值,并进行统计学分析。结果根据TACE治疗效果分为完全缓解（CR）组和部分缓解及无变化（PR＋SD）组。术前两组血清VEGF及ALP、PVP、HPI差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;术后6～8d两组血清VEGF及PVP较术前变化差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,而ALP、HPI较术前明显降低（P〈0.05）。术后32～40d,CR组血清VEGF较术前明显降低（P〈0.05）,PR＋SD组则较术前增高,但差异无统计学意义（P=0.221）。血清VEGF与肿瘤组织ALP、HPI呈正相关。结论血清VEGF能间接反映TACE术后肿瘤组织微血管及侧支循环生成情况 CTPI能直观和定量反映肿瘤组织TACE术前后的血流动力学变化 血清VEGF与肿瘤组织ALP、HPI呈正相关。故联合应用血清VEGF及CTPI有助于TACE疗效的评价,对进一步治疗时间、方案的确定提供重要参考依据。     

多层螺旋CT灌注成像对肝癌TACE前后血供变化的价值探讨

目的:研究MSCT灌注成像在评价原发性肝癌TACE术后血流改变中的价值。方法:本组17例肝癌患者TACE术前及术后行CT灌注扫描。计算肝血流量(HBF)、血容量(HBV)、平均通过时间(MTT)、毛细血管表面通透性(PS)。根据各灌注参数值。评价肝癌TACE术后血流动力学改变。结果:肝癌在TACE术后,HBF、HBV值(167.89±96.06,14.95±15.1)较肝癌TACE术前值(250.59±129.56,24.44±20.03)减少,而MTT和PS值在肝癌TACE术前、术后无显著性差异。结论:肝脏灌注参数(HBF、HBV)可有效的评价TACE术后肝癌组织的血流灌注改变,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

A comparison of chemoembolization endpoints using angiographic versus transcatheter intraarterial perfusion/MR imaging monitoring

PURPOSE: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is an established treatment for unresectable liver cancer. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that angiographic endpoints during TACE are measurable and reproducible by comparing subjective angiographic versus objective magnetic resonance (MR) endpoints of TACE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 12 consecutive patients who presented for TACE for surgically unresectable HCC or progressive hepatic metastases despite chemotherapy. All procedures were performed with a dedicated imaging system. Angiographic series before and after TACE were reviewed independently by three board-certified interventional radiologists. A subjective angiographic chemoembolization endpoint (SACE) classification scheme, modified from an established angiographic grading system in the cardiology literature, was designed to assist in reproducibly classifying angiographic endpoints. Reproducibility in SACE classification level was compared among operators, and MR imaging perfusion reduction was compared with SACE levels for each observer. RESULTS: Twelve patients successfully underwent 15 separate TACE sessions. SACE levels ranged from I through IV. There was moderate agreement in SACE classification (kappa = 0.46 +/- 0.12). There was no correlation between SACE level and MR perfusion reduction (r = 0.16 for one operator and 0.02 for the other two). CONCLUSIONS: Angiographic endpoints during TACE vary widely, have moderate reproducibility among operators, and do not correlate with functional MR imaging perfusion endpoints. Future research should aim to determine ideal angiographic and functional MR imaging endpoints for TACE according to outcome measures such as imaging response, pathologic response, and survival.     

肝脏神经内分泌肿瘤血管造影表现与生存分析

目的 探讨肝脏神经内分泌肿瘤(NEN)的血管造影特点并行生存分析.方法 回顾性分析60例肝脏NEN资料.17例行TACE为主治疗,22例未行TACE治疗,21例未行相关治疗.分析肝脏NEN血管造影表现特点,采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Cox多因素分析生存预后因素.结果 血管造影示神经内分泌瘤(NET)多表现为乏血供染色,而神经内分泌癌(NEC)多表现为富血供染色.60例患者的中位生存期为13.8个月;6个月、1年、2年和3年累计生存率分别为85.0％、52.0％、40.0％及33.8％.Cox回归分析显示肿瘤病理分级(P=0.001)与治疗模式(P＜0.001)为独立预后影响因素.结论 肝脏NEN血供丰富与否有助于评判肿瘤级别.病理高级别(G3)的患者预后不良,TACE是治疗肝脏NEN有效方法.     

经导管肝动脉栓塞化疗联合华蟾素门静脉灌注治疗中期原发性肝癌疗效研究

目的探讨经导管肝动脉栓塞化疗(TACE)联合华蟾素门静脉灌注治疗中期原发性肝癌患者的临床疗效与预后。方法选取自2011年2月至2013年11月收治的中期原发性肝癌患者79例,其中,单独应用TACE的患者40例(单独组),联合应用TACE与华蟾素门静脉灌注的患者39例(联合组)。比较两组患者存活与门静脉侵犯情况,并分析其影响因素。结果单独组与联合组患者的1年存活率分别为62.5%(25/40)与82.1%(32/39),2年存活率分别为22.5%(9/40)与35.9%(14/39),3年存活率分别为7.5%(3/40)与17.9%(7/39);中位存活时间分别为15.0个月与18.0个月;门静脉癌栓发生率分别为82.5%(33/40)与61.5%(24/39)。两组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。华蟾素门静脉灌注、ChildPugh分级、甲胎蛋白水平及肿瘤大小是影响患者预后的独立危险因素。结论 TACE联合华蟾素门静脉灌注治疗可明显改善中期原发性肝癌患者的预后,值得临床推广。     

Evaluation of therapeutic effectiveness of transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation of dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced echoplanar imaging and hepatic angiography

The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DSC-MRI). Seventeen patients with histopathologically proven HCC were included in this study. All patients underwent MR examinations with conventional T1- and T2-weighted images, gadolinium-enhanced images, and DSC-MRI before TACE treatment. Hepatic blood volume (HBV) maps were reconstructed from the time-intensity curves. The same MRI sequences and techniques were repeated 24 h and 6 weeks after TACE. Serial changes in tumor perfusion on HBV maps were correlated with vascularity in hepatic angiography. All tumors were hypointense on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. Heterogeneous enhancement was observed in all tumors before and immediately after TACE. Hyperperfusion was noted in most of the tumors on HBV map before TACE and moderate to marked hypoperfusion following TACE. The degree of tumor perfusion on HBV map correlated well with the vascularity in angiography. In conclusion, the noninvasive nature of DSC-MRI is useful to evaluate the effectiveness of TACE. Invasive procedures, such as angiography, are seldom necessary.     

Quantitative 4D transcatheter intraarterial perfusion MRI for monitoring chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma

Purpose:

To develop a fully quantitative 4D transcatheter intraarterial perfusion (TRIP) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique and prospectively test the hypothesis that quantitative 4D TRIP‐MRI can be used clinically to monitor intraprocedural liver tumor perfusion reductions during transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE).

Materials and Methods:

TACE was performed within an x‐ray digital subtraction angiography (DSA)‐MRI procedure suite in 16 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Quantitative 4D TRIP‐MRI with targeted radiofrequency field mapping and dynamic longitudinal relaxation rate mapping was used to monitor changes in tumor perfusion during TACE. First‐pass perfusion analysis was performed to produce intraprocedural blood flow (Fρ) maps. Mean liver tumor perfusions before and after TACE were compared with a paired t‐test (α = 0.05).

Results:

Perfusion reductions were successfully measured with quantitative 4D TRIP‐MRI in 22 separate tumors during 18 treatment sessions. Mean tumor perfusion Fρ decreased from 16.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.7–21.9) before TACE to 5.0 (95% CI: 3.5–6.5) (mL/min/100 mL) after TACE. Tumor perfusion reductions were statistically significant (P < 0.0005), with a mean absolute perfusion change of 11.4 (95% CI: 5.6–17.1) (mL/min/100 mL) and a mean percentage reduction of 61.0% (95% CI: 48.3%–73.6%).

Conclusion:

Quantitative 4D TRIP‐MRI can be successfully performed within clinical interventional settings to monitor intraprocedural changes in liver tumor perfusion during TACE. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:1106–1116. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

多层螺旋CT肿瘤灌注成像的临床应用价值

目的 重点探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）的肿瘤灌注成像方法和临床应用价值.方法 对74例患者的全身不同各部位肿瘤行MSCT灌注成像,在常规CT平扫的基础上确定肿瘤中心部位后进行肿瘤灌注扫描,扫描图像经ADW4.2工作站处理,计算并分析灌注图像和灌注参数,包括血流量、血容量、平均通过时间、表面通透性以及肝脏肿瘤的肝动脉灌注指数.结果 74例患者的灌注成像中,除3例未能捕捉肿瘤中心的灌注图像外,其余71例肿瘤的灌注图像均清晰直观地显示肿瘤的大小和轮廓,并可定量检测肿瘤内部的组织灌注状态,听有肿瘤灌注参数明显变化,肺部肿瘤灌注成像受呼吸运动影响最大.结论 MSCT的肿瘤灌注成像是一种较为准确的定量分析肿瘤血流灌注状态的方法,具有重要的临床应用价值.     

Detection of hepatic tumor perfusion following transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced echoplanar imaging

The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of the magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion maps in the detection of liver tumor perfusion following transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). MR dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced imaging was performed in 12 patients with 10 confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma and 2 confirmed hepatic metastasis using single-shot echoplanar pulse sequence. Time-intensity curves for all hepatic tumors showed a transient signal drop and the hepatic blood volume (HBV) maps were reconstructed. On the HBV maps, most tumors (80%) demonstrated hyperperfusion before TACE and hypoperfusion following TACE. The site and the degree of residual hyperperfusion within the tumor on the HBV maps correlated well with the areas of hypervascularity on the angiograms. In conclusion, the MR perfusion maps can be a promising technique for detecting the perfusion of the residual tumor tissue following TACE.