Viatorr支架行TIPS术治疗门静脉高压性静脉曲张消化道出血效果评估

目的评价应用Viatorr支架行经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)术治疗门静脉高压性静脉曲张消化道出血的可行性、安全性和临床效果。方法回顾性分析2015年10月至2018年11月收治的42例肝硬化门静脉高压性静脉曲张消化道出血患者临床资料,所有患者符合TIPS治疗指征,均接受Viatorr支架行TIPS术治疗。术中检测门静脉压力梯度(PPG)。术后1、3、6、12个月,之后每年随访超声或增强CT检查,评价分流道通畅情况,并通过电子病历、临床或电话随访患者肝功能、凝血4项、再出血、肝性脑病发生和生存时间。配对t检验分析术前、术后PPG、总胆红素、血清白蛋白和凝血酶原时间变化,Kaplan-Meier法分析分流道通畅率和生存率。结果 42例均成功施行TIPS术,技术成功率为100%。共植入直径8 mm Viatorr支架42枚。PPG均值由术前(26.85±6.00) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)降低为(11.62±4.54) mmHg(t=11.359,P<0.05),平均降低(55.63±16.77)%。与术前相比,术后3 d总胆红素浓度升高(P<0.05),血清白蛋白降低(P<0.05),凝血酶原时间延长(P<0.05)。术后1个月总胆红素、血清白蛋白和凝血酶原时间与术前水平差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后中位随访14.5(2~39)个月,再出血发生率为9.5%(4/42),其中1例接受分流道再通;肝性脑病发生率为19.1%(8/42)。术后1、2、3年分流道通畅率分别为91.9%、83.9%、77.4%,生存率分别为94.7%、89.4%、82.0%。肝硬化相关死亡率为9.5%(4/42),均于术后2~30个月死于终末期肝病伴多脏器功能衰竭。结论 Viatorr支架行TIPS术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压性静脉曲张消化道出血具有较高的技术成功率,术后分流道通畅率高,肝性脑病发生率低。     

Viatorr支架经颈静脉肝内门体分流术后显性肝性脑病发生率及其危险因素分析

【摘要】 目的 分析应用Viatorr覆膜支架行经颈静脉肝内门体分流术（TIPS）后患者显性肝性脑病（OHE）发生率并探讨相关危险因素。方法 收集2017年6月至2019年12月在南方医科大学附属南方医院接受Viatorr支架TIPS术治疗的242例肝硬化门静脉高压患者（男191例,女51例）临床资料。术后发生OHE 30例,未发生OHE 212例。统计分析两组患者年龄、乙型肝炎病史及腹水、血清总胆红素、白蛋白、肌酐、血小板、钠离子、纤维蛋白原、肝功能Child-Pugh评分、终末期肝病模型（MELD）评分、术后1 d和5 d血氨、术后门静脉压力梯度（PPG）、出院后饮食控制等。所有患者均随访3个月以上,通过门诊或电话问卷方式评估肝性脑病（HE）。结果 术后OHE发生率为12.4%（30/242）,其中7例因OHE死亡。发生OHE组患者平均年龄高于未发生OHE组,术后平均PPG值低于未发生OHE组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。高蛋白饮食控制不佳的OHE患者发病次数增多。结论 应用Viatorr覆膜支架对肝硬化门静脉高压患者行TIPS术后发生OHE的独立危险因素为高龄、术后低PPG,其预测价值高于Child-Pugh评分和MELD评分。逐级扩张分流道和栓塞异常门体分流有助于降低OHE发生率。     

Y形通道治疗经颈静脉肝内门体分流术后支架分流道梗阻的初步研究

目的 探讨开窗技术建立Y形通道治疗经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)后支架分流道梗阻的可行性.方法 2012年2月至2016年12月采用穿刺支架开窗梗阻建立Y形通道治疗7例支架分流道梗阻伴复发性门静脉高压所致胃底静脉曲张出血或腹水患者.术前肝功能Child-Pugh评分5～10分,平均(6.85±1.56)分.对比术前与术后5d、术后1、3、6个月门静脉和分流道内血流情况.结果 7例患者均成功重建Y形通道.平均随访11个月,无一例死亡,未发生肝性脑病.结论 梗阻支架内Y形开窗重建治疗TIPS术后支架分流道梗阻安全有效、操作方便,具有一定的临床价值.     

Viatorr支架在门静脉高压合并上消化道出血的临床应用

目的：观察Viatorr支架在经颈静脉肝内门腔静脉分流术（TIPS）中治疗门静脉高压合并上消化道出血的临床效果。 方法：收集2016年11月至2017年10月我院收治的因门静脉高压合并食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者17例,使用Viatorr支架行TIPS治疗。测量Viatorr支架分流前后门腔静脉压力梯度（PSG）值变化,手术前后肝功能、血氨、凝血酶原时间变化,以及术后支架通畅率与再出血情况,并对临床疗效及并发症情况进行分析。 结果：17例患者均获得100%技术性成功。TIPS术后的PSG为（14.47±3.39）mmHg,比术前的（25.47±5.77）mmHg明显降低,差异有统计学意义（t=12.015,P<0.05）。TIPS术后1 d,血氨较术前有所升高[（55.38 ±9.27）μmol/L vs.（40.60±8.14）μmol/L,P<0.05],而术后1周的血氨较术前没有明显变化[（34.77±5.01）μmol/L vs.（40.60±8.14）μmol/L,P>0.05],手术前后的总胆红素、白蛋白、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、凝血酶原时间差异无统计学意义。17例患者中16例存活,1例于术后52 d并发肺部感染致呼吸衰竭死亡;4例患者出现I期或II期肝性脑病,纠正后症状逆转;所有患者至随访结束均未再出现呕血、黑便等症状,所有病例术后1周及3个月后均行腹部彩超或增强CT检查,至随访结束（或死亡前）TIPS分流通道血流通畅,通畅率100%,2例合并腹水患者复查腹水消失。术后1~3个月内4例患者复查胃镜,均提示食管胃底曲张静脉缓解或消失。 结论：TIPS术中使用Viatorr支架能明显降低门静脉压力,维持分流道的长期通畅,降低上消化道再出血率,术后肝性脑病并发率在可控制范围内,是门静脉高压患者的一种安全有效的治疗手段。     

改良经颈静脉肝内门体分流术双支架植入治疗肝硬化门静脉高压临床效果

目的 探讨采用改良经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)和双支架植入治疗肝硬化门静脉高压的安全性和有效性。方法 回顾性分析2016年3月至2021年5月在解放军第九六〇医院接受治疗的92例肝硬化门静脉高压患者临床资料。对常规TIPS穿刺技术进行改良,采用覆膜支架和裸支架建立分流道,测量TIPS术前后门静脉主干压力。术后3、6、12、24、36个月进行规律随访,复查超声或CT,了解支架通畅情况。结果 92例患者完成TIPS术(常规TIPS 22例,改良TIPS 70例),技术成功率100%。术后血管造影显示支架内血流通畅,无手术相关严重并发症发生。门静脉主干压力由术前(44.1±6.8)cmH₂O降低为术后(23.0±3.4)cmH₂O,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。所有患者随访(21.4±7.9)个月(3～43个月),85例支架内血流通畅,4例分别于术后10、13、24、33个月出现分流道闭塞,再次植入1枚支架后血流恢复通畅,3例分别于术后4、18、30个月死于多脏器衰竭或消化道出血。术后1年、2年、3年累计支架通畅率分别为98.9%、...     

采用专用覆膜支架行经颈静脉肝内门体分流术2年随访观察

【摘要】 目的 探讨专用覆膜支架行经颈静脉肝内门体分流术（TIPS）治疗肝硬化的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析2017年4月至2018年12月在南方医科大学南方医院接受Viatorr支架行TIPS术治疗的连续117例肝硬化患者临床资料。其中男86例，女31例；年龄25～75岁，平均（50.89±11.26）岁。手术前后门静脉压力梯度（PPG）比较采用t检验，GraphPad Prism 8.0软件分析术后分流道累计通畅率、累计生存率、肝性脑病累计发生率和肝癌累计发生率。 结果 支架植入成功率为100%。术后患者PPG由术前平均（23.19±5.92） mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）降低至平均（10.19±3.81） mmHg（P＜0.05）。围手术期死亡4例（3.4%）。113例患者随访3～36个月，平均（23.16±7.65）个月。随访期分流道再狭窄发生率为2.7%（3/113）；总体肝性脑病发生率为15.9%（18/113），显性肝性脑病为5.3%（6/113）；病死率为8.0%（9/113）；肝癌发生率为6.2%（7/113）。2例接受肝移植术。 结论 采用Viatorr支架行TIPS术治疗肝硬化安全有效，中期分流道通畅率高，肝性脑病发生率较低。     

覆膜支架防治TIPS分流道再狭窄的研究进展

覆膜支架已被越来越多地应用于经颈内静脉肝内门腔静脉分流术(TIPS)分流道再狭窄的防治中,取得了较大进展,Viatorr支架已被证明可以更好地改善分流道通畅率。本文就各种TIPS覆膜支架的结构、性质、应用及疗效等作一综述,相信随着覆膜支架的不断改善,TIPS在治疗门脉高压疾病领域中将重新盛行。     

覆膜支架在经颈静脉门腔分流术中的应用

目的 评价经颈静脉肝内门腔分流术(TIPS)专用覆膜支架(Viatorr支架)在TIPS中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析37例在美国俄勒冈州健康生命科技大学Dotter介入放射学研究所采用Viatorr支架行TIPS治疗的患者资料,随访时间为(15.2±9.3)个月(3-42个月).TIPS指征包括门静脉高压相关性的急慢性消化道出血,经药物及内镜治疗无效者17例;顽固性肝源性胸、腹水18例,Budd-Chiari综合征2例.采用配对t检验比较手术前后门腔静脉压力差(PSG)的变化,以Kaplan-Meier曲线分析支架开通率.结果 37例共置入41枚Viatorr支架,其中3枚直径为8 mm,38枚为10 mm,支架带膜长度为4～8 cm,无相关手术并发症.PSG由术前的(22.4±8.4)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)降为(8.1±3.2)mm Hg,差异有统计学意义(t=12.754,P<0.01).17例出血患者术后出血均停止,1例于术后17个月复发.18例严重顽固性腹水及肝性胸水患者中,4例术后腹水不消退,其余14例随访期间有2例腹水复发.2例(5.4%)发生分流道阻塞,Kaplan-Meier曲线分析结果显示1年的开通率为97.0%.术后1个月内无病死患者,2例分别于术后3个月及15个月死于多器官功能衰竭,晚期病死率为5.4%,死亡前1周内复查支架均通畅.肝移植患者5例(13.5%).结论 Viatorr支架能明显提高TIPS术后开通率,选择合适的支架,采用正确的释放技术能进一步提高疗效,但长期效果评价尚需验证.     

TIPS术后分流道失效影响因素的多因素回归分析

目的 分析肝硬化患者行经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)术后分流道失效的影响因素.方法 搜集2008年3月至2014年12月在本院行TIPS术(采用Fluency覆膜支架)的肝硬化患者,术后3年内发生分流道失效的30例为病例组,术后3年未发生分流道失效的30例为对照组(通过门静脉彩色多普勒超声检查及门静脉造影确定分流道是否失效),对两组病例资料进行回顾性对照研究.先对肝功能Child-Pugh评分、支架形态、术后抗凝药物使用情况等20项术前、术中及术后相关因素进行单因素分析,再将单因素分析中具有统计学差异的相关因素进行Logistic多因素回归分析.结果 对20项相关因素进行单因素分析后发现两组患者在否合并门静脉血栓(癌栓)、支架形态及术中是否行曲张静脉栓塞等3项之间的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),再将上述3项相关因素进行Logistic多因素回归分析,显示支架放置后的支架形态及术中是否进行曲张静脉栓塞与TIPS术后分流道失效有关(P＜0.05).结论 支架形态不良(包括扭曲折角、支架两端盖帽)为TIPS术后分流道失效的独立危险因素(OR值为4.244),而术中曲张静脉栓塞是TIPS术后分流道失效的保护因素(OR值为0.131).     

经颈静脉肝内门静脉左支门体分流中支架位置对远期疗效的影响

目的 探讨经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流术(TIPS)门静脉左支分流道内支架位置对远期疗效的影响.方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2014年12月采用门静脉左支TIPS术治疗的527例门静脉高压上消化道出血患者临床资料.根据支架是否进入门静脉主干分为门静脉左支组(n=318)和门静脉主干组(n-209),比较两组手术成功率、分流道血流动力学、支架通畅率、肝性脑病发生率、再出血率等.结果 两组手术成功率均为100％.术后1年门静脉左支组分流道流速及流量参数均显著高于门静脉主干组(P＜0.05).1年随访期间门静脉左支组、门静脉主干组分流道功能异常率分别为1.26％ (4/318)、5.74％(12/209) (P=0.003),肝性脑病发生率分别为0.31％(1/318)、4.31％(9/209) (P=0.001),再出血率分别为0.94％(3/318)、2.87％ (6/209) (P=0.095).结论 TIPS术中穿刺门静脉左支并将支架留植左支内,能获得较低的分流道功能异常率及肝性脑病发生率.     

Flouroscopically–guided transhepatic puncture for difficult TIPS re-do procedures utilizing the En Snare retrieval device: A new approach to occluded TIPS in patients with recurrent ascites

Portal hypertension and variceal bleeding are complications due to cirrhosis. Transjugular Intraphepatic Portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure is a well-established treatment for recurrent ascites and variceal bleeding related to portal hypertension. After a TIPS has been placed, the potential of TIPS occlusion or stenosis is high. A TIPS re-do procedure has been used in treatment of progressive clinical symptoms. The standard approach is via the jugular route to recannulate the TIPS shunt. Rarely, it cannot be performed from the jugular approach. Therefore, a fluoroscopically -guided transhepatic approach has been devised for these difficult situations. This case describes the use of the transhepatic route through an indwelling Viatorr covered stent utilizing an En-Snare device to help complete the TIPS re-do procedure. With this newer approach to TIPS re-do procedures, endovascular specialists can achieve TIPS patency despite difficult venous anatomical challenges and the various types of available TIPS stents presently on the market.     

Elective Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Using Viatorr Stent-Grafts: A Single-Center Experience from China

Background and Aims:Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a well-established approach for the management of variceal bleeding, refractory ascites, hepatic hydrothorax, and preoperative treatment of portal hypertension prior to major abdominal surgery in patients with compensated cirrhosis, and so on. This study aimed to investigate the safety and long-term efficacy of TIPS implantation using Viatorr TIPS stent-grafts.Material and Methods:A cohort of 59 patients undergoing TIPS placement using Viatorr TIPS stent-grafts were included, and the periprocedural events, and long-term mortality, shunt dysfunction, variceal rebleeding and incidence of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) were analyzed.Results:The technical success rate was 100%. The median portosystemic pressure gradient was reduced from 21 mmHg (interquatile range: 19–25) to 13 mmHg (interquatile range: 10–16) before and after TIPS, leading to a hemodynamic success rate of 72.9%. The cumulative rate of overall mortality was 34.2% at five years, and direct bilirubin (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.336, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.050–1.700, P = 0.018) and post-TIPS right atrial pressure (HR = 1.238, 95% CI: 1.015–1.510, P = 0.035) were independent predictors for mortality. The cumulative rates of shunt dysfunction and variceal rebleeding were 11.0% and 28.3% at five years, respectively, and portal venous pressure gradient (HR = 2.572, 95% CI: 1.094–6.047, P = 0.030) was the only independent predictor for shunt dysfunction. The cumulative four-year HE-free rate was 48.6%. No severe adverse event was noted during TIPS procedures.Conclusion:Elective TIPS implantation using Viatorr TIPS stent-grafts is generally safe, and the long-term efficacy is favorable for the treatment of cirrhotic patients with recurrent variceal bleeding or refractory ascites.     

Trombosis y cavernomatosis portal: las claves para el éxito de un TIPS

Portal vein thrombosis is a common complication in patients with cirrhosis. Anticoagulation involves a high risk of bleeding secondary to portal hypertension, so placing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS) has become an alternative treatment for portal vein thrombosis. Three strategies for TIPS placement have been reported: 1) portal recanalization and conventional implantation of the TIPS through the jugular vein; 2) portal recanalization through percutaneous transhepatic/transsplenic) access; and (3) insertion of the TIPS between the suprahepatic vein and a periportal collateral vessel without portal recanalization. We describe different materials that can be used as fluoroscopic targets for the TIPS needle and for portal recanalization.This article aims to show the success of TIPS implantation using different combinations of the techniques listed above, which is a good treatment alternative in these patients whose clinical condition makes them difficult to manage, and to show that portal vein thrombosis/cavernous transformation should not be considered a contraindication for TIPS.     

Stent graft in TIPS: technical and procedural aspects

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a nonoperative therapeutic option for the management of portal hypertension, variceal bleeding, recurrent ascites, Budd-Chiari syndrome. In view of the many issues surrounding the use of TIPS, in 1994 the US National Digestive Diseases Advisory Board convened a scientific conference to review the current data available and to establish the indications and controindications for this procedure. However there are still unsolved problems especially short primary patency of the shunt due to intimal hyperplasia, which causes a reduction of the shunt lumen thus favoring a return of the portal hypertension with recurrent variceal bleeding. Several study were performed in the last years to evaluate the efficacy of covered stent in order to reduce shunt disfunction secondary to intimal hyperplasia. PTFE seems to be more efficient in the prevention of restenoses. In our experience more then 100 patients were treated with the Viatorr stent-graft. After a follow-up ranging from 1 to 50 months we reported a 1- year primary patency rate of 83.8%. However the use of the stentgraft is correlate with a high rate of hepatic hencefalopathy (46.6 %). In case of hepatic hencefalopathy refractory to the conventional medical therapy, TIPS reduction should be performed.     

Experimental TIPS with spiral Z-stents in swine with and without induced portal hypertension

Purpose To assess the suitability of spiral Z-stents for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and the influence of portal hypertension on shunt patency in young swine. Methods TIPS were established using spiral Z-stents in 14 domestic swine. In 7 animals, the portal venous pressure was normal; in the other 7, acute portal hypertension was induced by embolization of portal vein branches. Follow-up portal venography and histologic evaluations were done from 1 hr to 12 weeks after TIPS. Results Follow-up transhepatic portal venograms showed progressive narrowing of the shunt, most priminent in the midportion of the tract. Ingrowth of liver parenchyma between the stent wires found after 3 weeks led to progressive shunt narrowing and shunt occlusion by 12 weeks. A pseudointima grew rapidly inside the stent, peaked in thickness around 4 weeks, and decreased later. Acutely created portal hypertension rapidly returned to normal and there was no difference in TIPS patency between the two groups of animals. Conclusion Although the spiral Z-stent can be used as a device for creation of TIPS in patients with cirrhotic livers, it is associated with extensive liver ingrowth in swine that leads to rapid shunt occlusion. Portal hypertension was only transient in this model.     

Recanalization of an Occluded Intrahepatic Portosystemic Covered Stent via the Percutaneous Transhepatic Approach

A 41-year-old woman with liver cirrhosis had recurrent portal hypertension and bleeding from esophageal varices due to complete occlusion of a previously inserted transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt stent. Because recanalization of the stent by the transjugular approach was unsuccessful, ultrasound-guided entry to the splenic vein and portal vein was used. After catheter-directed intrathrombus thrombolysis, successful opening of the stent was achieved and a stent was placed. We herein report a rare case in which thrombolysis and recanalization of a TIPS stent were performed via a percutaneous transhepatic approach.     

门静脉金属内支架置入治疗门静脉海绵样变

目的：探讨经皮肝穿刺和经颈内静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)途径门静脉内支架置入治疗门静脉海绵样变(CTPV)的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析于本科治疗的8例 CTPV 患者的临床及影像学资料。所有患者均行门静脉金属内支架置入治疗,其中3例经 TIPS 途径放置,5例经经皮肝穿刺途径放置。结果所有患者支架置入均一次性成功,无腹腔内出血等严重并发症发生。术中即刻复查造影显示支架内血流通畅,术后1 d~2周患者腹痛及消化道出血症状均明显减轻或消失。术后所有患者均获得完整随访,随访1个月~3年,1例患者术后1 年复查支架闭塞,再次置入1枚支架后血流通畅,其余患者彩超提示支架内血流通畅,未再发消化道出血或腹痛。结论经皮肝穿刺或经 TIPS 途径门静脉金属内支架置入治疗 CTPV 是一种安全有效方法。