腹腔镜离断式肾盂输尿管成形术治疗UPJO肾积水230例经验总结

目的:探讨腹腔镜离断式肾盂输尿管成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(UPJO)肾积水的临床疗效及总结手术经验。方法:回顾性分析我院2012年10月～2018年10月收治的230例UPJO患者的临床资料。其中先天性UPJO 180例,获得性UPJO 50例,含肾盂输尿管连接部(UPJ)成形术后狭窄10例,输尿管镜下钬激光碎石或经皮肾镜取石术后狭窄30例及球囊扩张术后狭窄10例。采用经腹腹腔镜行离断式肾盂输尿管成形术,术前及术中对体位、Trocar布置、游离和吻合各环节做了细节优化。术后定期随访,分别于拔除双J管后1、3、6、12个月门诊复查B超检查及尿常规,测量肾盂前后径扩张程度及肾实质厚度。结果:所有手术均成功完成,5例中转开放。平均随访时间12(6～36)个月,B超提示肾积水较术前减轻,部分患者ECT及CTU提示肾实质厚度增加,梗阻程度较前减轻,患肾功能不同程度恢复,术前腰背部不适、腹痛及发热等症状主观上明显改善。6例术后出现UPJ再狭窄,3例经输尿管镜检+双J管再置2个月后拔管梗阻缓解,2例行再次腹腔镜肾盂输尿管成形术后改善,1例失访。结论:腹腔镜离断式肾盂输尿管成形术治疗UPJO肾积水安全、有效,术后并发症发生率低,改善肾积水和肾功能结果满意。严格掌握手术适应证、耐心细致的操作和正确处理术中遇到的困难是做好腹腔镜离断式肾盂输尿管成形术的关键。     

经皮顺行腔内切开术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻

目的:探讨应用经皮顺行腔内切开术(PAE)治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(UPJO)的适应症、疗效及技巧。方法:UPJO患者75例,其中肾盂输尿管连接部(UPJ)闭锁26例(34.7%)。男38例,女37例,平均年龄35(21～68)岁。左侧31例,右侧44例。原发性UPJO 39例(合并结石37例),开放UPJO成形术后8例,腹腔镜UPJO成形术后4例,开放手术取石术后14例,PCNL术后10例。均经B超、KUB、IVU、CT、逆行肾盂造影检查确诊。结果:Ⅰ期成功内切开69例(92.0%),4例(5.3%)间隔1周后Ⅱ期手术成功,2例放弃Ⅱ期治疗。单一应用PAE 59例(80.8%),PAE联合输尿管镜逆行内切开14例(19.2%)。术后3～6个月拔除输尿管支架管,随访6个月时,62例(84.9%)无复发,复发患者11例(15.1%)中包括UPJ闭锁患者10例。随访12个月时,55例(75.3%)无复发,24个月时52例(71.2%)无复发。21例复发患者中,9例行第二次PAE手术治愈,2例行第三次PAE手术后治愈,1例行开放肾盂成形术,9例每3～6个月更换双J管或动态观察。结论:PAE可以作为原发性UPJO的一线治疗。继发性UPJO或其他成形术后再狭窄的UPJO复发率高,但是PAE适用范围广,可重复性好,仍然是微创腔内治疗的有效手段。     

经腹腹腔镜联合肾镜治疗马蹄肾UPJO并肾结石1例报告并文献复习

目的:探讨经腹腹腔镜肾盂成形术联合肾镜碎石取石术一期治疗马蹄肾肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄(UPJO)合并肾结石的可行性和临床疗效。方法:2013年5月,我院采用经腹腹腔镜肾盂成形术联合肾镜碎石取石术一期治疗马蹄肾UPJO合并肾结石患者1例。具体方法是采用经腹腔入路,在腹腔镜下先分离出肾盂并切开,然后使肾镜通过腹腔镜穿刺通道进入肾盂肾盏行碎石取石术,再在腹腔镜下行离断式肾盂成形术。结果:手术过程顺利,手术时间180min。术后21小时肛门排气,5天后拔除腹腔引流管,10天后出院。术后3个月随访,肾盂输尿管连接部通畅,未发现明显结石残留。结论:经腹腹腔镜肾盂成形术联合肾镜碎石取石术一期治疗马蹄肾UPJO并肾结石安全、有效。     

腔镜技术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻

目的探讨腔内技术治疗。肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻（UPJO）的可行性与疗效。方法本组16例，2例经尿道逆行气囊扩张，13例经皮肾穿刺顺行梗阻段内切开与扩张，1例放置记忆合金金属支架，所有患者均留置1—2根输尿管内支架管2—3月。结果2例因狭窄段长度超过1．5cm，腔内治疗失败后行开放手术，术后随访1—18个月，12例引流通畅，肾积水消退；4例反复换内支架管，肾积水稳定。结论腔内技术处理肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻，操作上具有可重复性，简便、安全，疗效较好。     

经皮肾穿刺顺行球囊扩张术治疗肾盂成型术后肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄

目的 探讨经皮肾穿刺顺行球囊扩张术治疗肾盂成型术后肾孟输尿管连接部狭窄(UPJO)的疗效.方法 采用经皮肾穿刺顺行球囊扩张术治疗肾盂成型术后UPJO 18例,男10例,女8例,年龄15 -42岁,平均年龄30岁;腹腔镜肾盂成型术后再狭窄12例;开放性肾盂成型术后再狭窄6例.结果 18例患者手术成功,无大出血、肾周感染等并发症.手术时间40～110 min,平均75 min.手术失血量35 -80 ml,平均50 ml.随访12个月,治愈12例,好转4例,无效2例,有效率达88.9％.结论采用经皮肾穿刺顺行法球囊扩张术治疗肾盂成型术后UPJO创伤小、安全、疗效好,易于被病人接受.     

经皮腔内穿刺复通治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻

目的:探讨肾盂切开取石术后肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(UPJO)的有效治疗方法.方法:对23例行肾盂切开取石术后出现.肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的患者,通过经皮肾造瘘在床边C臂X光机监视下行腔内穿刺复通肾盂输尿管连接部,扩张穿刺通道后留置形状记忆合金网状金属支架,术后服用泼尼松片,3个月后复查肾造瘘管造影,了解复通情况.结果:16例患者复通效果良好,其中术前患肾GFR30 ml/min组的成功率为88%(15/17),术前患肾GFR<30 ml/min组的成功率为16.7%(1/6),顺利拔除肾造瘘管.结论:通过经皮肾造瘘行腔内穿刺复通治疗肾盂输尿管连接部闭锁是一种安全有效的方法.     

肾盂成形术与内腔镜扩张术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄疗效分析

目的:比较腹腔镜/开放肾盂成形术与内腔镜治疗对于肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄(UPJO)的治疗效果.方法:回顾性分析2014年12月-2018年2月期间治疗UPJO患者的临床资料.治疗方式采用内腔镜下球囊扩张/狭窄内切开或开放/腹腔镜肾盂成形术.治疗效果通过术后影像学评估.统计方法采用多因素Logistic回归分析.结果:UP...     

腹膜后腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻62例临床分析

目的:评价腹膜后腹腔镜手术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(ureteropelvic junction obstruction,UPJO)的手术技巧和临床效果。方法:回顾性分析施行经腹膜后腹腔镜肾盂成形术的62例肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻患者的临床资料。根据62例患者发病机理的不同,20例行腹膜后腹腔镜肾盂输尿管连接部周围压迫组织松解术,28例行Y-V成形术,14例行离断成形术。术后随访3~36个月。结果:所有患者手术均顺利完成,静脉肾盂造影(intravenous urography,IVU)提示造影剂通过良好,肾积水均明显改善。结论:腹膜后腹腔镜治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻创伤小,患者术后痛苦小、康复快、住院时间短、疗效显著,可作为治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的首选方法。     

腰部小切口离断性肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻74例报告

目的探讨肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻（UPJO）的临床特点及腰部小切口Anderson-Hynes离断性肾盂成形术的临床疗效。方法回顾分析两院于2001年～2009年收治的肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻患者74例的临床资料。术前常规行B超及影像学资料检查,其中轻度肾积水8例,中度肾积水46例,重度肾积水20例。74例均行腰部小切口Anderson-Hynes离断性肾盂成形术,其中肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄56例;肾盂输尿管高位连接5例;迷走血管压迫6例;纤维索条压迫7例。结果 74例手术患者中有70例获得术后随访6个月～6年,随访时均行B超及IVP检查,按疗效判断标准诊断术后治愈65例,无变化3例,加重2例。结论腰部小切口Anderson-Hynes肾盂成形术治疗UPJO疗效确切,安全可靠,可作为治疗UPJO的一种改进术式,值得临床推广。     

后腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻（附20例报告）

目的：探讨肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻（UPJO）的后腹腔镜手术治疗方法及临床价值.方法：对20例UPJO患者行后腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗.结果：全部患者均一次性手术成功,手术时间90～150 min.平均120min术中出血量20～50 ml,平均35 ml;术后住院时间7～10天,平均8天.术后1例出现漏尿,术后10天消失,余无并发症.随访6～52个月,平均20个月,腰痛症状消失,本组患者术后行B超、IVU榆查示肾盂输尿管连接部吻合口无狭窄,肾积水得到改善.结论：后腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻是安全有效的微创手术方法.     

后腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术治疗肾迷走血管压迫导致输尿管肾盂连接部狭窄

目的探讨后腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术治疗肾迷走血管压迫导致输尿管肾盂连接部狭窄（UPJO）的疗效。方法回顾性分析15例因肾脏迷走血管压迫导致的UPJO患者的诊断及治疗经过,其中男性11例,女性4例,所有患者均存在患侧腰部胀痛症状,经B超、静脉肾盂造影（IVU）和（或）磁共振水成像（MRU）,和（或）逆行肾盂输尿管造影检查明确诊断为UPJO并肾积水,所有患者均行后腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术,无1例中转开放手术,术后1例患者出现发热,1例患者出现漏尿,经治疗后均好转,其余患者均无明显并发症出现。术后1月拔除双J管,所有患者均恢复良好。平均随访18月,显示患肾积水显著减少,患者腰痛症状完全消失。结论对包括肾脏迷走血管压迫在内的各种导致UPJO的病因,均可开展后腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术,该手术创伤小、恢复快,长期随访效果满意。     

Management of secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction after failed primary laparoscopic pyeloplasty

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic pyeloplasty has been established as a minimally invasive alternative to open pyeloplasty. However, little is known about the treatment of patients in whom this technique fails. We present our experience with treating ureteropelvic junction obstruction after failed primary laparoscopic pyeloplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From August 1993 to September of 2003, 227 patients underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty for primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Of these patients 10 (4.4%), including 6 females and 4 males 24 to 62 years old (mean age 42.1), underwent secondary treatment after laparoscopic pyeloplasty failed. The type of secondary intervention varied by anatomical factors, and patient and surgeon preference. Success was defined as symptomatic relief and improved radiographic imaging at latest followup. RESULTS: Secondary interventions were repeat laparoscopic pyeloplasty in 1 patient, retrograde endoscopic balloon dilation in 2 and endopyelotomy in 7 (laser, cold knife and cutting balloon endopyelotomy in 3, 2, and 2, respectively). No postoperative complications were seen. Patients were followed for a mean of 25.5 months (range 3 to 96) after the second procedure. Seven of 10 secondary interventions (70%) were successful with no obstruction on followup imaging. Three of 10 interventions (30%) failed, namely 1 laparoscopic pyeloplasty, 1 endoscopic balloon dilation and 1 laser endopyelotomy. Failure of the second procedure occurred at a mean of 9.3 months. CONCLUSIONS: When given the choice, most patients select endoscopic management after failed primary laparoscopic pyeloplasty due to its minimally invasive nature and low complication rate. Success rates are 70% with repeat intervention. Some patients require a third intervention.     

Pediatric laparoscopic pyeloplasty: 4-year experience

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty for correction of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) in the pediatric population is comparable to open dismembered pyeloplasty in success rates. Experience with this procedure however remains limited. We review our experience with this technique. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The hospital records of consecutive patients undergoing surgery for UPJO between May 2001 and May 2005 were reviewed. Only those who underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty for single system UPJO were included in the study. Indications for surgical correction were T(1/2) > or = 20 minutes by diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid Lasix renography or symptomatology with hydronephrosis seen on renal ultrasonography (US). RESULTS: Fifty-nine patients were identified, all of whom were treated surgically for salvageable UPJO. Four underwent percutaneous endopyelotomy for concomitant urolithiasis, 27 underwent open dismembered pyeloplasty (parent choice or under 18 months of age), and 28 underwent laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty. One patient had bilateral laparoscopic repairs at different times, resulting in 29 renal units that were reconstructed laparoscopically. Of these, 28 were completed. Eighteen procedures were performed on boys and 11 on girls. The mean age was 8.1 (1.6-18.9) years. The mean operating room time was 255 (157-396) minutes. Estimated blood loss was <10 mL in every patient. One patient required hospitalization longer than 23 hours because of postoperative ileus. A retroperitoneal urinoma developed in another patient, despite having a ureteral stent; it resolved with urethral catheter drainage. The first laparoscopic pyeloplasty resulted in open conversion because of failure of progression of the ureteropelvic anastomosis. At a mean follow-up of 27.9 (7.6-58.0) months, all patients demonstrated improvement of symptoms and drainage on nuclear renography or a decrease in the grade of hydronephrosis on renal US. CONCLUSION: Our series of patients undergoing laparoscopic pyeloplasty had excellent results with low morbidity. We consider this our primary technique for surgical correction of UPJO in patients older than 18 months.     

Endopyelotomy in the Age of Laparoscopic and Robotic-Assisted Pyeloplasty

Ureteropelvic junction obstructixon (UPJO) management has undergone significant changes in the past few years. The aim of this review is to establish the role of endopyelotomy in the age of laparoscopic and robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty (RALP). Open pyeloplasty (OP) has been the gold standard of care for UPJO for the past six decades. Due to lower long-term efficacy, endopyelotomy has failed to replace OP. However, laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) has been able to reproduce the high success rates of OP, while also achieving minimal morbidity. Unfortunately, the steep learning curve and technical difficulties have hindered its use. Recently, robot-assisted systems have enabled LP to overcome its disadvantages, and this may render endopyelotomy obsolete. Although LP and RALP are emerging as the gold standard of treatment for UPJO, endopyelotomy could carve out a niche area as a salvage procedure. Endopyelotomy will continue to have a role in the management of UPJO, albeit a smaller one.     

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction: does CT angiography allow better selection of therapeutic modalities and better patient outcome?

PURPOSE: To determine whether preoperative helical CT angiography (CTA) with three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed images improves outcome in patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) by identifying crossing vessels that may lead to surgical failure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients with UPJO underwent imaging with CTA to identify crossing vessels. Patients with crossing vessels or severe hydronephrosis underwent laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty. In the absence of crossing vessels, and with >25% renal function on MAG-3 scan, the patient underwent an endopyelotomy. Procedures were assessed as successful by resolution of patient symptoms as well as relief of obstruction on renal scintography. RESULTS: Twenty-seven procedures (14 laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasties [9 in the setting of a crossing vessel], 11 ureteroscopic endopyelotomies, and two antegrade endopyelotomy procedures) were performed. Follow-up ranged from 2.4 to 40 months (mean 21.6 months). Twenty-three of the primary procedures (92.0%) were successful. Primary laparoscopic pyeloplasty was successful in 100% of patients, while primary endopyelotomy had a success rate of 83.3%. Both secondary procedures were successful rendering the patients unobstructed and pain free. No complications occurred. The sensitivity and specificity of CTA in determining crossing vessels was 78% and 40%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Helical CT angiography with 3D reconstructed images provides valuable preoperative information in patients with UPJO scheduled for surgical intervention. This study may be used in selecting patients for proper operative intervention according to the anatomy of crossing vessels to attain high treatment success rates.     

经腹入路腹腔镜下肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的技巧探讨与经验总结(附53例报告)

目的:探讨经腹入路腹腔镜下肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻的应用技巧,并总结其临床经验。方法:回顾分析2010年1月至2018年1月采用经腹入路腹腔镜下肾盂成形术治疗53例肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻患者的性别、年龄、手术时间、失血量、住院时间、并发症等临床资料及随访资料。其中男29例,女24例;平均(18.0±5.7)岁,左侧30例,右侧22例,双侧1例。结果:53例手术均采用经腹入路顺利完成腹腔镜手术,无中转开放手术。手术时间平均(158.4±56.8)min,失血量平均(9.6±5.8)mL,术后平均住院(5.9±3.1)d。术后无严重并发症发生,术后随访,肾积水均不同程度减轻,2例患者术后出现反复泌尿系统感染,拔除双J管后治愈。结论:经腹入路腹腔镜下肾盂成形术是治疗肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻安全、有效的术式,手术效果可靠,值得推广应用。     

Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction: Which Surgical Approach?

ContextOpen pyeloplasty has been considered the referral standard of treatment for ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). Minimally invasive procedures, however, have evolved and have gradually replaced open surgery, with various success and complication rates. The ideal universal treatment for UPJO is still elusive and controversial.ObjectivesThe current status of three surgical approaches to the treatment of UPJO are reviewed: laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP), robotic-assisted pyeloplasty, and endopyelotomy.Evidence acquisitionThe interactive discussion among the expert presenters and urologists participating at the Second Congress on Controversies in Urology in Lisbon, Portugal, is summarized.Evidence synthesisA review of the relevant literature and the experts’ opinions seem to indicate that LP, either conventional or robotic, should be considered as the treatment of choice for UPJO, because it achieves the highest success rates (90%) while still offering the patient the advantages of minimally invasive surgery. The conventional laparoscopic approach demands a high level of surgical expertise and dedicated training that can be partially obviated by the robotic system. Evidence proving clear advantages of robotic pyeloplasty over conventional laparoscopy, however, is lacking due to short follow-up. Additionally, in its current version, the robotic system is financially prohibitive for many centers worldwide.In experienced hands, endopyelotomy performed either percutaneously or by the retrograde ureteroscopic approach can achieve long-standing satisfactory results in carefully selected patients (short strictures, minimal hydronephrosis, no crossing vessel). Additionally, endopyelotomy is the procedure of choice for failed pyeloplasty, with success rates of up to 80%.ConclusionsIt can be concluded from the presented data that, given the surgical expertise, LP should be considered the current standard of care for UPJO, with high success rates comparable to the open procedure. The advantages of the robotic system for the patient remain to be proved by scientific data. Endopyelotomy is still indicated in selected cases as a primary therapeutic option and should be considered the procedure of choice for pyeloplasty failures.     

Antegrade percutaneous endopyelotomy

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is a well-known pathologic condition with several potential associated urologic complications. The treatment for UPJO has evolved dramatically during the past two decades with the advent of minimally invasive treatment options. This has resulted in shorter hospital stays, reduced postoperative pain, and quicker convalescence compared with the gold standard, open pyeloplasty. Antegrade (percutaneous) endopyelotomy is one of the many minimally invasive treatment options for this disorder. In this article, we review the technical aspects, outcomes, and current role of antegrade endopyelotomy in the treatment of UPJO.     

Acucise endopyelotomy: A technique with limited efficacy for primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction in adults

AIM: To retrospectively evaluate the ef fi cacy of Acucise endopyelotomy in a series of patients with primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). METHODS: Twenty-four patients with a symptomatic primary UPJO underwent Acucise endopyelotomy. Patients with high-grade hydronephrosis and/or poor renal function were excluded. Patients were followed by ultrasound imaging, intravenous urography, diuretic renography, and clinical review. RESULTS: The overall success rate was 58% (14/24 patients), with a median follow up of 32 months. Of the ten patients in whom Acucise endopyelotomy failed, seven underwent open pyeloplasty, one required nephrectomy, and two received a permanent ureteral stent. A poor outcome was noted in patients without perioperative extravasation. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience with Acucise endopyelotomy indicates that the success rate is lower than initially reported. Larger studies are needed to clarify the role of Acucise endopyelotomy in comparison with other techniques.     

Endoluminal ultrasonography before retrograde endopyelotomy: can the results match laparoscopic pyeloplasty?

OBJECTIVE: To present the results of endopyelotomy using endoluminal ultrasonography (EUS) to identify crossing vessels, as the success rates of endopyelotomy are generally lower than pyeloplasty, especially in patients with crossing vessels. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-one consecutive patients who underwent EUS before a planned retrograde endopyelotomy were analysed retrospectively. EUS was used to direct the endopyelotomy incision for patients with crossing vessels. Treatment was considered successful if the patient was asymptomatic and unobstructed or improved on renography. The results were compared to those from 18 patients treated by laparoscopic pyeloplasty, some of whom had undergone EUS. RESULTS: Crossing vessels were identified in 27 of the 41 patients (66%). Primary treatment consisted of endopyelotomy for 26 patients and laparoscopic pyeloplasty for 15. The overall success rate for 24 endopyelotomy patients with an adequate follow-up (mean 19 months) was 71%, with more success in patients with no crossing vessels (11 of 13 (85%) vs six of 11 (55%)). Of the 18 patients treated by laparoscopic pyeloplasty (mean follow-up 15.1 months) 17 were successful. CONCLUSION: The results for endopyelotomy were disappointing in patients with crossing vessels, despite using EUS. The results suggest that patients with crossing vessels should be treated by laparoscopic pyeloplasty. More data are needed to compare endopyelotomy with laparoscopic pyeloplasty in patients with no crossing vessels.