宁夏大学农学院272名大学生膳食营养状况

目的了解农学院大学生膳食营养素摄入状况,以便更好地指导高校学生合理膳食.方法采用膳食记录和称重法,对农学院食品系学生272名进行5 d膳食调查.结果学生能量摄入量不足,男女生早餐分别占全日能量的28.1%和26.7%,动物性脂肪与植物性脂肪来源适宜;蛋白质摄入量不足,优质蛋白质比例偏低;铁摄入量充足,但主要为非血红素铁;钙、维生素B2、尼克酸摄入量不足.结论农科大学生膳食营养素摄入结构不合理,应增加优质蛋白质、钙、动物性铁、维生素B2、尼克酸摄入量.     

石河子大学少数民族医学生膳食和营养状况

目的 通过对石河子大学医学院少数民族学生进行体格检查和膳食营养状况调查,为少数民族大学生膳食营养指导提供依据.方法 采用24 h回顾法与称重法进行膳食调查,了解少数民族大学生膳食结构、能量及各营养素摄入状况;通过测量身高、体重和腰围,了解其生长发育状况.结果 少数民族大学生膳食构成以粮谷类为主,动物性食物摄入量略低于正常,蔬菜、水果摄入量严重不足,维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、叶酸、维生素C和钙严重缺乏.蛋白质、铁平均摄入量能达到推荐摄入量,但优质蛋白质仅占蛋白质总摄入量的22.19％,血红素铁摄入量仅占铁总摄入量的4.69％.能量摄入男女生均不足.男、女生消瘦人数分别占男、女生总人数的10.42％和22.12％,腹型肥胖人数分别占男、女生总人数的20.83％和1.77％.结论 少数民族大学生膳食结构、饮食习惯不合理,能量及大部分营养素摄入不足,男、女生均存在一定程度营养不良,应加强对少数民族大学生的营养知识教育,提高膳食营养质量,改善身体健康状况.     

三峡地区大学生膳食调查与分析

目的：为开展大学生膳食营养教育提供依据。方法：采用记录和询问相结合的方法对301名大学生进行膳食调查。结果：男生的膳食营养状况比女生好。男生对热能、磷、铁、维生素A和维生素B1的摄入量均超过推荐量（Recommended Nutrient Intake，RNI），蛋白质达到RNI的94％，但钙、维生素B2和维生素C摄入不足，分别达到RNI的54％、71％、69％。女生磷、铁、维生素B1的摄取量超过RNI，维生素A达到RNI的90％，基本满足需要，但蛋白质、能量、钙、维生素B2和维生素C分别达到RNI量的76％、78％、57％和54％。男女生摄入的优质蛋白质均达到总摄入量的41％。男女生均有早上餐能量过低，晚餐量过高的现象。结论：大学生的膳营养水平比以往有所提高，但某些营养素仍严重缺乏，应加强对大学生的膳食营养教育。     

惠州学院164名在校女生膳食营养状况调查

目的了解女大学生膳食营养状况,为开展高校膳食营养教育提供参考。方法采用24h膳食记录法和查帐法对惠州学院164名随机抽样的女大学生进行连续3d的膳食调查,通过实验室检查进行营养状况评价。结果惠州学院在校女生能量摄入量只占RNI的73%,钙摄入量只占RNI的42%;碳水化合物、维生素B1、维生素B2、铁、锌摄入量不足;动物性食品偏少;血液钙、镁、铁、铜、锌浓度偏低。结论惠州学院女生膳食结构不合理,应调整膳食结构,增加动物性食物的摄入,提高膳食能量、钙、维生素B1、维生素B2、微量元素的摄入量。     

厦门市两所中学学生膳食营养状况

目的：了解厦门市中学生营养状况并针对问题提出改进措施，以便为中学生提供合理的膳食营养。方法：采用24h膳食记录法和称重法，连续调查3d学生膳食状况，计算每人每日能量和营养素摄入量，与推荐摄入量进行比较。结果：男生能量摄入量占推荐摄入量为73．38％，女生为74．00％；蛋白质摄入量占推荐摄入量男生为87．88％，女生为77．13％；钙摄入量严重不足，男生仅为推荐摄入量的24．70％，女生为27．10％；视黄醇、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C和锌、铁也存在不同程度的摄入不足。结论：应对学生进行营养教育，提高早餐质量，增加副食摄入，补充牛奶。     

内蒙古民族大学蒙古族学生膳食营养状况调查

目的了解蒙古族大学生的膳食结构和营养状况,为合理营养提供科学依据。方法采用称重记账法和膳食记录法进行5d膳食调查,依据《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs)》中18岁以上中等体力劳动的推荐摄入量(RNI)或适宜摄入量(AI)进行比较评价。结果蒙古族男女学生蛋白质、铜、硒、维生素PP摄入充足,男生铁、锌、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2均达到和超过推荐摄入量(RNI)或适宜摄入量(AI)。蒙古族男女学生膳食中存在的共性问题是膳食纤维、维生素C及钙不足,脂肪类食物来源比例不合理。蒙古族女生膳食蛋白质质量尚可,但数量不足,膳食中能量、铁、锌、维生素B2摄入不足,维生素A和维生素B1摄入严重不足;蒙古族男生早餐能量摄入不足。结论蒙古族男女大学生膳食结构均不合理,应对学生加强营养知识的教育。     

河南某幼儿园儿童膳食及营养状况调查

目的了解学龄前儿童的膳食结构及营养状况，为调整膳食结构提供科学依据。方法通过膳食调查、体格检查及血红蛋白测定，评价河南省直机关第二幼儿园407名幼儿的营养素摄人情况及一般营养状况。结果学龄前儿童平均每人每日能量、蛋白质、维生素A、核黄素、维生素B1、维生素E、铁、铜、磷、硒摄入量合理，但钙、锌摄入偏低，碳水化合物摄入偏低，脂肪摄入量偏高；幼儿营养不良检出率为0．73％，肥胖检出率为2．7％，无贫血儿童。结论儿童膳食结构不尽合理，动物性食物摄入过高，粮谷类、绿叶蔬菜及乳类食品摄入过低。     

中学生膳食调查报告

为掌握我县中学生膳食状况,进一步提供合理膳食依据,我们于1992年8月10日～17日对汶上县一中在校就餐的16～18岁学生进行了膳食调查,结果报告如下。男、女生能量摄入量分别占供应量标准的93．13％及93．19％;蛋白质男女生摄入量分别为供应量标准的78．87％及76．98％,男女生动物性、豆类蛋白质分别为总摄入蛋白量的3．9％及4．5％。可见,蛋白质摄入量偏低,特别是动物性、豆类蛋白质含量很低。男、女生脂肪能量分别占总摄入能量的7,37％及7．81％,达不到最低供应量标准。维生素：硫胶素、烟酸均达到供给量标准,可能因其广泛存在于…     

青岛市农村老年人群膳食营养摄入状况调查

目的 了解山东省青岛市农村老年人群的膳食营养状况.方法 采用24h膳食回顾法调查农村500名老年人的食物消费、营养素摄入和膳食构成的情况.结果 男、女老年人平均每人日摄入能量分别为推荐摄入量(RNI)的91.8%和85.2%.蛋白质摄入量达到RNI的91.4%和87.1%,维生素A的摄入量为RNI的64.0%和583%.维生素C的摄入量为RNI的63.9%和56.2%,维生素E的摄入量为适宜摄入量(AI)的60.7%和53.9%;老年人膳食能量的60%以上来自植物性食品,其中谷类食品占56.5%;蛋白质的食物来源中,谷类食品占39.7%,动物性食物占38.7%;男、女老年人膳食中碳水化合物提供的能量分别占总能量的66.2%和69.0%,脂肪占17.5%和15.8%,蛋白质占16.3%和15.2%.结论 老年人膳食中蛋类和水产品的摄入充足;水果、蔬菜、谷类的摄入量较低;摄入的能量基本能够满足机体的需要,蛋白质的食物来源较好;维生素E、C和A等抗氧化维生素摄入不足;三大营养素的供能比中脂肪提供的能量偏低.     

乌鲁木齐市213名汉族孕妇膳食营养状况调查

目的：了解乌鲁木齐市汉族孕妇膳食营养摄入及各种营养素达标情况,以便改善和提高孕妇的营养状况。方法随机选择自治区妇幼保健院营养门诊就诊的213名汉族孕妇作为调查对象,采用问卷方式24小时膳食回顾法对每个调查对象进行膳食调查,建立数据库,与《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量（ DRIs）》进行比较分析。结果孕妇膳食结构不合理,虽然孕期蔬菜与水果类摄入量已达到中国营养学会推荐摄入量,但其他种类食物却低于推荐摄入量。孕早期能量摄入2086．70kcal,孕中期3200．40kcal,孕晚期3650．70kcal,分别占RNI的90．70％、128．00％和130．40％;孕早期蛋白质摄入61．60kcal,孕中期71．70kcal,孕晚期71．30kcal,分别占RNI的82．10％、89．60％和83．90％,而且植物性蛋白质摄入过多,动物性蛋白摄入量低于全国30％的平均水平;孕妇膳食中钙、铁主要来源是植物性食物,分别占65％和90％,但在植物性食物中钙、铁的吸收率很低;维生素C、维生素B 6以及叶酸摄入不足,其中叶酸摄入量严重缺乏,孕早期叶酸摄入68．50μg,孕中期84．90μg,孕晚期93．20μg,分别占RNI的11．40％、14．20％和15．50％。结论孕妇各期膳食结构不合理;孕早期热能及营养素不能满足机体需要,孕中、晚期膳食较为合理,但维生素B6、维生素C、叶酸的摄入水平严重不足;动物性蛋白、钙、铁摄入不足。     

447例喀什农村维吾尔族住校中学生膳食营养状况调查

目的:了解喀什地区农村住校中学生的膳食结构和存在的问题,为改善当地学生膳食营养提供依据。方法:采用24 h膳食回顾法对喀什地区两所中学的447例住校中学生的膳食情况进行调查,并根据《中国居民膳食指南及平衡膳食宝塔》和《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs)》作出评价。结果:被调查学生膳食构成中谷类、畜禽肉和油脂摄入过多,而其他食物摄入较少;三餐能量和三大营养素分配也不合理,午餐能量偏低、晚餐能量偏高,碳水化合物摄入严重偏高、而脂肪摄入严重偏低;维生素A和钙摄入严重不足,维生素C、钾、铁、锌、硒摄入量也较低,而维生素B2、烟酰胺、铜的摄入则偏高,钠的摄入严重过量。结论:学生膳食构成不合理、营养素摄入不均衡,应采取相应措施改善这一现状,倡导学生平衡膳食。     

Nutrient intake and food consumption among medical students in Greece assessed during a Clinical Nutrition course

The objective of this study was to determine nutrient intake and food consumption patterns among medical students at the University of Crete, Greece. As part of the Clinical Nutrition course from 1989 to 2001, a total of 951 third-year medical students (500 male, 451 female) aged 22+/-2 years underwent dietary interview, during which individual 24-h dietary recalls were taken. The students also completed a questionnaire on smoking habits, and anthropometric measurements were performed. The Mann-Whitney test was applied to assess differences in nutrient and food group intake between lower and higher fat eaters. Analysis of covariance was used to study relationships between nutrient intakes and tobacco use, adjusting for gender, age, and body mass index. The mean daily energy intake was 2493 kcal (10437 kJ) for males and 1675 kcal (7012 kJ) for females. The contribution of total fat to energy intake was 40% in each gender. Lower fat eaters (/=46.0% of total energy). Smokers had higher intakes of energy (P<0.05) and saturated fatty acids (P<0.01), and lower intakes of fiber (P<0.001), folate (P<0.05) and vitamin C (P<0.001) than non-smokers/ex-smokers. Our results indicate a need for Greek medical students to improve their dietary and health habits. Dietary assessment could be used to enhance nutrition education in medical schools.     

Associations between sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and dietary quality among adolescents in Palma de Mallorca

OBJECTIVE: We assessed associations between sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and dietary quality among adolescents. METHODS: Subjects were 445 adolescents (171 boys, 274 girls; 14 to 18 y old) selected from the Palma de Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Spain) school census (96% participation) using two-stage probability sampling. The study protocol included dietary intake by means of a validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire; sociodemographic factors of sex, maternal level of education, parental occupational status, and maternal region of origin; physical activity; and body weight and height measurements. Body mass index was calculated and energy intake expressed as multiples of basal metabolic rate. RESULTS: Mean daily energy intakes were 12.9 MJ for boys and 12.0 MJ for girls. Boys showed a higher percentage of energy from carbohydrates but a lower percentage from proteins and fat than did girls (44.9 versus 41.6, 18.8 versus 19.8, and 36.3 versus 38.5, respectively). Dietary fiber intake was within the recommended levels. Mineral and vitamin intakes generally met their estimated needs, except for vitamins A and D, which covered less than two-thirds of the recommended intake. Maternal educational level was positively correlated with dietary mineral and vitamin intakes. A positive relation between physical activity and dietary intakes of carbohydrate and of mineral and vitamin was found. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal level of education and physical activity are associated to the quality of diet among adolescents in Palma de Mallorca.     

苏州某高职院校女生膳食营养状况的比较分析

[目的]了解高职女生膳食营养状况的营养教育成效。[方法]采用称重法、膳食频率调查法和24小时回顾法对274名学习过“营养与膳食”课程后一年的高职女生（称营养组）和同年级146名未学习过营养相关课程的高职女生（称非营养组）进行连续3d的膳食调查。[结果]①营养组热能和蛋白质摄入达到膳食营养素推荐摄入量（RNI）水平的学生分别占27．94％和47．23％，而非营养组分别占13．01％和30．82％，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。营养组钙、铁、锌、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素PP、维生素C摄入都较非营养组多，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。②两组学生的三大营养素供能比例均不合理，其中脂肪供能比例偏高，碳水化合物供能比例偏低；两组学生的三餐热能分配均不合理，早餐热能偏低，晚餐热能偏高，但营养组的分配比相对合理些。[结论]营养教育对改善青少年的食物摄入有明显效果。     

Changes in the diets of university students over a six-year period (1986–1991)

First year students from six consecutive years (1986–1991) completed one week weighed dietary surveys. From these data, dietary intakes of a variety of nutrients were determined. Data were compared with literature values for other young adults; with recommended daily amounts (RDA) in place at the time, and where appropriate with more recent dietary reference values (DRV).
Results show that nutrient intakes, including alcohol intakes, of students were generally similar to those of other young adults, and close to RDAs. Female students tended to eat a smaller proportion of their energy as fat, and their total energy intake showed a consistent decrease across the years studied. This could reflect the ever increasing emphasis on a slim female shape, and is notable as these females did not consider themselves to be on weight-reducing diets. Intakes of minor nutrients showed few differences compared with other young adults, although a large variation in intakes was noted. On average, most vitamin intakes were above the RDA, but vitamin A intake amongst females was declining, and in latter years was below the RDA. Female intakes of riboflavin also tended to be low. Contrary to suggestions of low calcium intakes amongst adolescents, students were consuming more than the RDA, and more calcium than other young adults. A large proportion of the females, in all years, were not reaching the RDA for iron, suggesting the possibility of iron-deficiency anaemia if intakes remain low.     

The Metabolism of ‘Foreign’ Compounds of Plant,Origin

The objective of this study was to determine nutrient intake and food consumption patterns among medical students at the University of Crete, Greece. As part of the Clinical Nutrition course from 1989 to 2001, a total of 951 third-year medical students (500 male, 451 female) aged 22±2 years underwent dietary interview, during which individual 24-h dietary recalls were taken. The students also completed a questionnaire on smoking habits, and anthropometric measurements were performed. The Mann–Whitney test was applied to assess differences in nutrient and food group intake between lower and higher fat eaters. Analysis of covariance was used to study relationships between nutrient intakes and tobacco use, adjusting for gender, age, and body mass index. The mean daily energy intake was 2493 kcal (10437 kJ) for males and 1675 kcal (7012 kJ) for females. The contribution of total fat to energy intake was 40% in each gender. Lower fat eaters (≤34.3% of total energy) had higher intakes of fiber (P<0.01), vitamin C (P<0.01) and fruits (P<0.05), and a lower consumption of red meat (P<0.01) than students in the upper fat quartile (≥46.0% of total energy). Smokers had higher intakes of energy (P<0.05) and saturated fatty acids (P<0.01), and lower intakes of fiber (P<0.001), folate (P<0.05) and vitamin C (P<0.001) than non-smokers/ex-smokers. Our results indicate a need for Greek medical students to improve their dietary and health habits. Dietary assessment could be used to enhance nutrition education in medical schools.     

北京市房山区164名中小学生膳食营养摄入状况分析

目的调查北京市房山区中小学生膳食营养摄入状况,为房山区学生改善营养提供科学依据。方法对北京市房山区中小学生进行膳食调查,采用3 d 24 h膳食回顾结合家庭调味品称重法,依据中国食物成分表计算每日食物消费及营养素摄入状况。结果共调查北京市房山区中小学生164名,男生91名,女生73名,平均年龄(8.93±2.21)岁。中小学生水产品类、奶及奶制品、大豆类及其制品、蔬菜水果类摄入不足,畜禽肉类、盐摄入过多。能量平均摄入量为1710.30 kcal,蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物平均摄入量分别为61.57、72.21、211.48 g,供能比分别占14.38%、37.95%和47.68%。中小学生维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C、硒平均摄入量达到推荐摄入量(RNI)的比例分别为34.8%、27.4%、33.5%、24.4%和47.0%。仅2.4%的学生钙摄入量达到了RNI,超过一半的学生铁、锌、铜平均摄入量达到RNI。其中,女生铁摄入量达到RNI的比例低于男生(P<0.05)。结论北京市房山区中小学生膳食结构不合理、微量营养素摄入不足,需加强学生、家长、学校食堂营养宣教,有针对性地改善学生营养状况。     

四川大学医学生膳食营养状况调查

目的了解高校医学生的膳食营养状况，为提高大学生的营养水平提供依据。方法编制半定量食物频率问卷，检验其信度和效度，并以此为调查工具，对330名医学生进行膳食调查。结果医学生的食物构成以粮谷类、蔬菜水果类、肉类为主，但能量来源比例不合理，脂肪供能过高，碳水化合物供能过低；钙摄入不足，优质蛋白质、动物源性铁与维生素A摄入不足。结论应教育学生合理改进膳食结构，增加优质蛋白质、碳水化合物、钙、动物源性铁，维生素A摄入量，以提高营养水平。