多针双电极射频适形消融治疗肝癌16例报告

目的 探讨多针双电极射频适形消融治疗肝癌的原理和近期疗效。方法 采用多针双电极射频消融肝肿瘤16例,全部采用超声引导下经皮穿剌,单纯射频消融治疗15例,射频消融联合瘤内无水酒精注射术治疗1例。结果 全组有12例患者治疗1次后影像学检查见肿瘤完全消融,4例首次射频治疗后1个月影像学检查见肿瘤消融不完全,2例再次行射频消融后肿瘤完全消融。甲胎蛋白阳性者6例治疗后全部转为阴性。结论 多针双电极射频不仅能增大消融范围,而且可以根据肿瘤形态适形消融肿瘤,是1种新的有效射频消融技术。     

超声引导射频消融治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤302例肿瘤残留危险因素分析

背景与目的：射频消融(radiofrequencey ablation,RFA)是治疗原发性肝癌和部分转移性肝癌的有效的方法,本研究探讨肝脏恶性肿瘤RFA治疗后肿瘤残留的危险因素。方法：回顾性分析2010年1月-2013年3月复旦大学附属肿瘤医院收治的302例原发性肝癌和转移性肝癌患者共691个肝内病灶接受RFA治疗的临床资料,采用单因素和多因素Logistic Regression模型分析与RFA治疗后肿瘤残留有关的危险因素。结果：RFA治疗后272例(90.07%)患者的632个(91.46%)病灶完全消融,肿瘤残留率为8.54%。直径≤3 cm的肿瘤残留率为6.30%,3~5 cm为9.57%,>5 cm为28.57%;靠近肝内大血管和胆囊肿瘤残留率分别为17.14%和18.52%;联合其他局部治疗和未联合其他局部治疗的肿瘤残留率分别为7.02%和13.41%。多因素分析显示,肿瘤最大直径>5 cm(P=0.044)、靠近肝内大血管(P=0.039)和未联合其他局部治疗(P=0.001)是RFA治疗后肿瘤残留的独立危险因素。112例患者282个病灶最大直径3~5 cm,RFA治疗后肿瘤残留多因素分析显示,肿瘤靠近肝内大血管(P=0.014)、单针射频(P=0.047)和未联合其他局部治疗(P=0.023)是RFA治疗后肿瘤残留的独立危险因素。结论：超声引导的RFA治疗可以获得满意的消融效果,其中肿瘤靠近肝内大血管、肿瘤最大直径>5 cm和未联合其他局部治疗是肿瘤残留的独立危险因素,对于直径为3~5 cm的肿瘤,除靠近肝内大血管和未联合其他局部治疗外,单针射频也是肿瘤残留的独立危险因素,采用双针或多针治疗可以提高消融效率,降低肿瘤残留。     

射频消融治疗肝癌的临床报告（附40例）

目的:探讨多电极射频消融治疗肝癌的临床应用价值.方法:超声引导下经皮穿刺组织学证实的40例肝癌患者的62个病灶,在超声引导下利用多电极射频消融技术进行治疗;直径3cm以下的病灶采用"一针穿刺、一点消融"的空间布针方案、直径3cm以上的病灶采用"多针穿刺、多点消融"的空间布针方案,最大限度损毁病灶.结果:射频治疗后,所有病灶超声均显示为不均匀的回声增强.其中直径≤3cm的35个病灶,追踪观察3个月,超声显示病灶体积缩小24个,无明显改变11个;直径>3cm的27个病灶中,15个病灶体积缩小,9个无缩小,所有患者的临床症状改善.1年生存率为57.5%,并发症发生率为20%,住院期间死亡3例.结论:射频消融是微创疗法,治疗肝癌效果确切、适应范围广、创伤小、痛苦少,患者的临床表现得到明显改善,生活质量得以提高.     

射频凝固电极在肝癌切除或消融治疗中的应用

目的评价射频凝固电极消融技术在肝切除术中应用的可行性、安全性及疗效。方法采用射频凝固电极射频消融技术进行肝癌切除手术共16例,其中腹腔镜下射频消融后肝切除术9例,腔镜下射频消融6例（共13个瘤体,平均最大肿瘤直径3．0-4-1．0em）,小切口腹腔镜辅助右肝V、Ⅷ段肝癌切除1例。观察术后并发症情况,肿瘤复发情况。结果16例均顺利完成肝癌切除或消融治疗。未出现严重并发症。肝癌消融灶完全坏死率为92．3％。随访8～20个月（平均14个月）,于术后3、6个月各发现1例肝脏出现新病灶,1例消融部位肿瘤残留。肝癌切除患者未出现新病灶。死亡1例。结论腹腔镜下手术或开腹术中射频凝固电极消融技术在肝癌切除或消融治疗中应用安全可行,效果好。选择远离肝门区肿瘤进行治疗时效果更佳。     

原发性肝癌肝移植术围手术期辅助治疗的研究

目的:探讨围手术期辅助治疗在原发性肝癌肝移植中的意义。方法:回顾性分析36例原发性肝癌肝移植手术病例的临床资料,比较单纯行经肝动脉栓塞化疗(TACE)、TACE 经皮瘤内无水酒精注射(PEI),多电极射频治疗(RFA) TACE以及全身化疗等围手术辅助治疗措施对患者复发率及生存率的影响。结果:12例患者经辅助治疗后肿瘤直径缩小(66.7%),平均(4.8±1.2)cm,13例肿瘤临床分期降级。术后1、2、3年复发率分别为33.3%、47.2%、55.6%。TACE PEI、RFA及TACE RFA组病例总体治疗效果较好。结论:原发性肝癌肝移植围手术期辅助治疗可明显改善肝移植的效果,降低术后的复发率或延长复发时间。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞术加经皮肝穿刺射频消融术治疗原发性肝癌56例

目的　观察肝动脉化疗栓塞术加经皮肝穿刺射频消融术对原发性肝癌的治疗效果及术后反应。方法　原发性肝癌患者 5 6例 (男 4 8例 ,女 8例 )。随机分为肝动脉化疗栓塞术加经皮肝穿刺射频消融组(综合组 )及单纯肝动脉化疗栓塞术组 (TACE组 )。综合组行肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗 ,每 4周重复 1次 ,第 2周期后再行经皮肝穿刺射频消融术。结果　综合组缓解率、1年、2年、3年生存率 (6 7.9%、6 7.9%、5 3.5 %、35 .7% )显著高于TACE组相应指标 (46 .4 %、35 .7%、2 5 .0 %、14 .3% ) (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　肝动脉化疗栓塞术加经皮肝穿刺射频消融术对原发性肝癌直径大于 6cm者 ,其疗效优于单纯肝动脉化疗栓塞术。     

经皮肝穿刺射频消融术对肝癌的疗效观察

目的 观察经皮肝穿刺射频消融术对肝癌的热消融作用及其适应证。方法在局麻或硬膜外麻醉下及B超引导下,射频穿刺电极经皮穿刺入肝癌瘤体内,对其进行消融。结果60例患者的96个瘤体中,直径<3.5 cm的41个(42.7％)瘤体获得一次手术热消融。其中,38个完全缓解(CR),3个部分缓解(PR),有效率(CR+PR)100％。41个瘤体中,36个经CT或MRI随访6～24个月,未见复发。直径≥3.5 cm～12 cm的55个(57.3％)瘤体可分2,3次手术,术后1～3个月CT或MRI提示,瘤体CR 2个,PR 37个,CR+PR70％。结论经皮肝穿刺射频消融术治疗肝癌,对直径<3.5 em的瘤体疗效可靠,对直径≥3.5 cm的瘤体仍具有部分热消融的作用。     

集束电极射频热毁损治疗肾上腺转移癌37例

目的:观察集束电极射频热毁损治疗肾上腺转移癌的安全性及临床疗效。方法:将37例(50个病灶)诊断为肾上腺转移癌的患者在局麻下行集束电极射频热毁损治疗,观察其治疗时反应及术后肿瘤缩小情况。结果:射频治疗过程中患者无特殊不良反应;术后未见肾上腺功能明显减退,不需特殊处理。治疗后肿瘤总缓解率为92.6%,特别是直径小于10cm的肿瘤疗效明显。结论:集束电极射频热毁损治疗肾上腺转移癌安全有效。     

超声定位下经皮消融肾肿瘤的临床研究

目的:探索超声定位下微波、射频消融术治疗肾肿瘤的效果,寻找创伤最小并能保留肾单位的治疗肾肿瘤的新手段。方法:选择28例肾肿瘤患者（均为单发,肿瘤直径<4cm),消融治疗前行穿刺活检用来明确肿瘤性质。直径小于2.5cm的肿瘤患者行射频消融,2.5cm≤肿瘤直径<4cm的患者行微波消融治疗。然后对患者术后1月、3月、6月、12月、24月进行超声造影和CT造影复查。结果:所有患者术后均未见严重并发症,术后7天复查未见肿瘤残留,随访期内有2例肾癌患者复发而施行肾癌根治疗术。结论:对于不能耐受手术的肾恶性肿瘤患者,或者不愿意接受手术治疗的肾良性肿瘤患者而言,超声定位下经皮热消融治疗是一种创伤小、恢复快、相对安全的新型有效治疗方案。     

腹腔镜引导定位肝脏肿瘤射频消融治疗的临床观察

目的:探讨腹腔镜直视引导定位下肝癌射频热凝消融治疗(radio-ferquency ablation, RFA)的可行性.方法:在腹腔镜直视引导定位下分别对10例原发性肝癌和多发转移性肝癌进行一次性射频消融治疗.结果:10例患者28个瘤体中直径＜5 cm的20个肿瘤均获得一次性热凝损毁,其中18个瘤体完全缓解CR 90.0%(18/20),2个瘤体部分缓解PR 10.0%(2/20),近期疗效CR+PR为100.0%(20/20),1例术后15个月肝、肺转移复发;8个直径5～9 cm的瘤体近期疗效为CR+PR 100.0%(8/8),CR 50.0%(4/8),PR 50.0%(4/8),1例术后6个月发生肝门部转移及阻塞性黄疸而病情进展死亡,1例术后14个月因肝脏、肺脏广泛转移死亡.术后2周复查AFP、CEA和CA19-9等肿瘤标志均有不同程度的下降或转阴.所有患者均很好地耐受了射频消融治疗,无严重并发症出现.9例患者术后分别行1～4次肝动脉化疗栓塞介入治疗(TACE).1年生存率为85.7%(6/7),2年生存率为50.0%(3/6). 结论:腹腔镜直视引导定位下肝癌射频消融治疗为不能手术的原发性肝癌及多发性肝转移癌提供了一种微创、安全、有效、方便的治疗方法,与TACE结合效果更佳.     

经皮射频毁损治疗肝脏肿瘤的近期疗效观察

目的：观察经皮射频毁损治疗肝脏肿瘤的近期疗效,探讨其最佳适应证和治疗相关因素。方法：应用RF2000型射频治疗仪、LeVeen多弹头射频电极,超声引导下经皮穿刺毁损,对60例肝脏肿瘤患者（87个肿瘤）进行了72次治疗,分别观察其毁损范围、AFP水平、肝功能反应、并发症等。结果：原发性肝癌肿瘤直径小于5cm者1次性完全毁损61.11%（11/18）,3例2次治疗1例完全毁损范围扩大,均未完全毁损;肿瘤直径5-10cm者31例2例1次性完全毁损（6.45%）,其余均大部或部分毁损,2次治疗6例毁损范围扩大,均未完全毁损;直径大于10cm者11例1次治疗仅部分毁损,2次治疗2例仍有较大肿瘤组织残余。转移癌均为多发,肿瘤结节2-8个不等,1次治疗均未完全毁损,1例2次治疗效果不明显。术后复查,38例原发性肝癌（PHC）AFP升高者,15例AFP明显降低（39.47%）,肿瘤直径小于5cm者AFP下降率为76.92%（10/13）,5例完全阴转（38.46%）。所有患者均出现轻度的肝功能损害;并发自限性腹腔出血2例,胆漏、气胸各1例;3例肝硬化明显、且毁损范围较大者并发中、少量腹水,内科治疗均恢复。结论：经皮射频毁损治疗肝脏肿瘤是一安全有效的治疗方法,直径小于5cm的PHC或转移癌多可完全毁损,直径大于5cm者分次治疗,能明显减小肿瘤体积。     

Radiofrequency ablation therapy combined with intrahepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for liver metastasis of colorectal cancer

We performed radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy combined with intrahepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for 7 patients with liver metastasis from colorectal cancer. Synchronous metastasis accounted for 5 cases and metachronous for 2 cases. Two cases were H1, 2 cases H2, and 3 cases H3. Following the resection of colorectal primary lesion, we performed RFA for liver metastasis, using a Cool-tip electrode purchased from Radionics (Burlington, MA, USA). The mean number of sessions per patient was 5.1 (1-10). Ablation time of each session was changed according to tumor size, as follows: less than 1 cm in diameter: 2 min, 2 cm: 5 min, 2.5 cm: 10 min. By using intra-operative catheterization, weekly intrahepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy was performed for liver metastasis. Excellent ablation was achieved in all cases by CT evaluation and no significant side-effect was observed. Average observation period was 15 months (maximal survival period was 31 months) and 6 patients are alive. RFA therapy combined with intrahepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy achieved excellent therapeutic effect, and maintained good quality of life in patients.     

影响小肝癌术后无瘤生存期的相关因素及治疗对策

目的：探讨影响小肝癌术后无瘤生存的相关因素及治疗对策。方法：1983年1月－2000年12月，经手术切除单个结节最大直径≤5cm或两个结节最大直径之和≤5cm的小肝癌105例，采用SPSS 8.0 for windows软件包进行统计学处理。全组病例分为侵袭特征组（肿瘤伴卫星结节、门静脉癌栓、侵犯周围脏器、双结节之任一项或几项）及无侵袭特征组。结果：手术死亡3例。随访100例，术后总的1、3、5、7、10年生存率为95.8%、64.8%、48.8%、39.4%、34.3%；根治术后1、3、5、7、10年无瘤生存率为80.3%、46.8%、40.6%、37.3%、26.7%。影响小肝癌术后无瘤生存期的因素有肿瘤大小、有否卫星结节、肿瘤是否侵犯血管、手术切缘、UICC分期及肿瘤数目。具有侵袭特征组无瘤生存期明显低于无侵袭特征组。根治性切除后复发51例，复发后行手术切除17例，再次术后1、3、5年累计生存率分别为82.4%、51.3%、34.2%；明显高于行TAE治疗（18例）及未治或化疗组（16例）。结论：影响小肝癌术后无瘤生存率的因素集中在肿瘤早期发现、有否肿瘤的侵袭性特征及手术切缘。复发后积极的治疗，尤其是再次手术切除安全有效并可使5年生存率提高10.0%以上。将小肝癌分为侵袭特征组及无侵袭特征组，有一定的临床意义。选择具有侵袭特征的小肝癌患者，术后积极防治复发将是延长术后无瘤生存期的重点。     

Efficacy of continuous hepatic arterial infusion of high-dose 5-FU for liver metastases of gastric cancer]

We studied the efficacy of continuous hepatic arterial infusion of high-dose 5-FU (high-dose CHAI) in two patients with multiple (five or more) bilobar liver metastases of gastric cancer. 5-FU was given continuously via the hepatic artery at 1 g/day for 3 days, followed by one day off therapy and repetition of the initial treatment as one course. Case 1 was a 67-year-old man with Borrmann type 2 gastric cancer who had undergone total gastrectomy. Metachronous multiple liver metastases (maximum diameter: 3.5 cm) were detected at 11 months after surgery. One month later, we started high-dose CHAI and gave two courses with a 4-day interval between them. After that, 5-FU was given twice by hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) at dose of 1.5 g/week. The tumor diameter had decreased by 50% at 3 months after high-dose CHAI. Case 2 was a 64-year-old man with Borrmann type 3 gastric cancer who had synchronous multiple liver metastases (maximum diameter: 9 cm) and liver dysfunction. One month after distal gastrectomy, we started high-dose CHAI and finished one course. After that, liver function returned to normal and 5-FU was given by HAI at dose of 1 g/week on an outpatient basis. The tumor diameter decreased to 1/3 of the initial size at four months after high-dose CHAI. High-dose CHAI using 5-FU may be safe and effective for liver metastases from gastric cancer.     

微小肝癌的诊断和处理

通过通肝脏实质性小占位的临床研究，探讨微不肝癌的诊断及处理原则。方法１９８３－１９９６年２８例结节直径≤２ｃｍ的肝脏实质性小占位病变，共３４个病灶。首诊后行手术切列，１９９个病灶；ＴＡＥ治疗６例，７个病灶；首诊后未治行ＡＦＰ＋Ｂ眼随访８例。     

单次经皮射频消融治疗小肝癌的预后及复发危险因素分析

背景与目的:射频消融( radiofrequency ablation, RFA)治疗作为肝癌局部治疗的新技术,近年得到了广泛的应用.本研究分析肝癌 RFA治疗的疗效和复发相关因素,并探索 RFA治疗的适应证.方法:采用回顾性队列研究方法,分析 2001年 1月至 2003年 12月期间, 94例在中山医院肝癌研究所行 RFA治疗的原发性小肝癌患者的 102个病灶,随访期至 2004年 3月.采用 SPSS 11.5统计软件对数据进行处理.结果: 94例患者的中位随访期为 16个月, RFA治疗后的 1年累积生存率为 85.5%, 2年累积生存率为 75.6%; 1年累积无瘤生存率为 31.3%, 2年累积无瘤生存率为 10.4%.共有 62例患者( 66.0%)复发.单因素分析显示复发与下列 3个因素有关:肿瘤近血管 (P< 0.01)、位于肝包膜下 (P< 0.05)、直径 >3 cm (P< 0.05);而与性别、 Child分级、 AFP值、是否联合瘤内无水乙醇注射治疗无关. Cox多因素分析显示:肿瘤近血管 (P=0.000, 95%可信区间为 2.102～ 7.899)、位于肝包膜下 (P=0.001, 95%可信区间为 1.672～ 6.289)是 RFA治疗后复发的独立危险因素.较严重并发症的发生率为 2.1% (2/94,胆道出血 1例,膈下积液 1例 ).未发生与手术相关的死亡.结论: RFA是一种安全的肝癌治疗方法.直径≤ 3 cm、不近肝内血管、非包膜下肿块是肝肿瘤 RFA治疗的适应证.     

转移性肾上腺癌的临床治疗（附15例报告）

目的:分析我院收治的15例肾上腺转移性恶性肿瘤的临床资料，结合文献复习，总结临床诊治体会。方法:回顾性分析我院2011年1月至2019年5月收治的15例肾上腺转移性恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料。男12例，女3例；平均年龄为63岁(53～73岁)。肾上腺转移瘤的最大径中位值为4.4 cm（2.0~9.8 cm），左侧11例，右侧3例，双侧1例。原发恶性肿瘤来源:肺7例，肝3例，肾2例，子宫1例，胰腺1例，腹膜后肿物1例。本研究中15例肾上腺转移恶性肿瘤为原发肿瘤确诊后诊断，距离原发肿瘤诊断的中位时间为15.6个月(5~28个月)。15例患者均行手术切除治疗。结果:术后病理细胞类型:腺癌4例，肝细胞癌3例，透明细胞癌2例，弥漫性大B细胞瘤2例，神经内分泌癌1例，癌肉瘤1例，肺小细胞癌1例，肺大细胞癌1例。术后定期随访患者，15例患者生存4~78个月。患者最终死于肿瘤广泛转移。结论:我院肾上腺转移性恶性肿瘤的原发肿瘤以肺癌最为常见，多数转移瘤在定期复查中无意发现。我院肾上腺转移瘤以左侧多见。肾上腺转移瘤治疗方式有手术治疗、介入治疗、经皮肿瘤消融、免疫治疗、放疗和化疗等。     

Surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

The effect of surgical treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was evaluated in 149 resected cases, 83.2% of which were associated with liver cirrhosis. The 3- and 5-year survival rates were 60.1% and 39.4%, respectively. The mortality rate was 4.1%. In patients aged over 70 years, liver cirrhosis was found in 53.3% of cases and the mortality rate was 6.7%. The 3- and 5-year survival rates were 50.8% and 33.9%, respectively. Factors that significantly affected survival for more than 5 years were a tumor size of less than 3 cm, Stage I disease, vp(–), IMo, and diploid type. The 5-year survival rate for patients with a single tumor of 3 cm or less was 54.2%, regardless of the surgical procedure. All 15 patients with a solitary tumor of 2 cm or less (Stage I, small liver tumor) were alive with a 5-year survival rate of 100%. The problem is the treatment of patients with a tumor measuring 3–5 cm in diameter and associated liver cirrhosis, because their prognosis after surgery is the worst. HrS (subsegmentectomy) is the minimal procedure of limited hepatectomy for these cases with postoperative multidisciplinary therapy.Work presented at the Third International Symposium on Treatment of Liver Cancer, Seoul, Korea, 12–13 February 1993     

腹腔化疗或联合其他方法综合治疗晚期原发性肝癌72例的疗效观察

Objective: To evaluate the effect of intraperitoneal chemotherapy or in combination with other therapies in patients with advanced primary liver cancer.Methods: 72 patients with advanced primary liver cancer with no indication for surgery received intraperitoneal chemotherapy in combination with other therapies including transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE), radiofrequency catheter ablation(RFA), percutaneous ethanol injection therapy(PELT)and radiotherapy.Of them, 29 cases were complicated with hilar or retroperitoneal multiple lymph node metastases, 14 with portal vein embolus, 15 with intraperitoneal and diaphragmatic metastases, 6 with chylous ascites, one with cancerous ascites, and 7 with suspected cancerous ascites(referring to large amounts of ascites without hypoproteinemia while exfoliative cytology of the ascites was positive).The mean maximum tumor size was 8.2 cm in diameter.Liver function at the initial treatment was Child A in 53 cases, and Child B in 19 cases.Intraperitoneal chemotherapy was performed in all these patients.The intraperitoneal chemotherapy protocols included: 5-FU 0.5-0.75 g/d for 10-15 consecutive days, with a total dosage of 5-12.5g, and at the last day of chemotherapy 10 mg mitomycin(MMC)or 100 mg carboplatin was injected.For 7 cases of cholangiocarcinoma, Gemzar 800-1000 mg was administered additionally.A majority of all these patients received another one or two therapy methods followed by intraperitoneal chemotherapy.TACE was performed in the patients with multiple tumors or nodule more than 5 cm in diameter in the liver, RFA or PElT with nodule fewer than 4 in number and 5 cm or less than 5 cm in diameter and radiotherapy, only for metastases, with metastatic lymph nodes, localized metastasis within the abdominal cavity or portal vein embolus.Interval time between two methods was one month or so.Two months after the sequential therapy, repeated treatment would be given if general medical condition and liver function were perfect at that time.Results: The median survival time of the group was 13.97±6.27 months.The 1-and 2-year survival rates were 59.7% and 30.6% respectively.The mean survival time of the patients with liver function Child A was 15.91±5.49 months, and that of the patients with Child B was 8.55±5.09 months.The difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion: Intraperitoneal chemotherapy or in combination with other therapies in patients with advanced primary liver cancer with metastases to abdominal cavity is an effective method.It can prolong the survival time and improve life quality for a certain percentage of patients with advanced primary liver cancer.