非功能性胰岛细胞瘤22例诊治分析

目的 :探讨非功能性胰岛细胞瘤的诊断和治疗方法。方法 :对 1968～ 1998年间收治的非功能性胰岛细胞瘤 2 2例临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 :2 2例患者 ,68.2 %的病人发现上腹部肿块或查体发现胰腺肿块 ,B超和CT检查肿块定位准确率分别为 80 %和 87 5%。肿瘤钙化率和强化率分别为4 3 8%和 83 3%。术前超声引导肿块穿刺活检 9例 ,8例 ( 88 9% )能定性诊断。结论 :B超、CT和术前超声引导肿块穿刺活检是发现本病的主要手段 ,应将病理检查和肿瘤生物学行为结合起来判定良恶性 ,手术切除是治疗本病的有效方式     

恶性胰岛细胞瘤14例诊治分析

目的:探讨恶性胰岛细胞瘤诊治的经验,以期提高诊断和治疗水平.方法:回顾分析1980年1月～2004年4月收治的56例胰岛细胞瘤患者资料,其中恶性胰岛瘤14例,占25.00%.结果:本病临床症状不典型,上腹部肿块为其主要症状,术前定位相对容易,定性诊断困难诸多,B超和CT是其主要的检查手段.14例患者均行手术探查,肿瘤摘除术1例,胰体尾切除加脾切除术6例,胰十二指肠切除术5例,肿瘤活检2例.其中1例一期行肝转移灶切除.5年存活率50.00%.结论:本病需将病理检查和肿瘤生物学行为结合起来判定良、恶性,手术切除是治疗本病的有效方法,综合治疗有望提高其生存率.     

非功能性胰岛细胞瘤9例报告

我院1990年6月～1998年2月共收治非功能性胰岛细胞瘤9例,现报告如下。 本组9例,男2例,女7例。年龄25～53岁。临床表现为无痛性腹部包块6例,食后上腹部胀痛者2例,皮肤巩膜黄染1例。9例体检时均可于上腹部触及包块。B超检查位于胰头者1例,胰体者3份,胰尾者5例。最大直径13cm,最小直径7cm。9例均施行手术治疗,其中行肿瘤局部摘除术6例,远侧胰腺切除2例,胰头十二指肠切除1例。术后病理报告均为无功能性胰岛细胞瘤。 讨论     

26例胰岛细胞肿瘤的临床诊治

目的：探讨功能性与无功能性胰岛细胞肿瘤术前定位方法、术中决策及预后。方法：对1989-2000年12年间收治的26例胰岛细胞肿瘤进行回顾性分析。结果：全组26例，功能组20例，无功能者6例；男性9例（34.6%），女性17例（65.4%），年龄范围：15-72岁；术前23例明确诊断，3例为术后病理诊断证实。功能组B超定位准确率55.0%，CT44.5%，MRI60.0%，血管造影（DSA）71.0%；无功能组B超定位准确率100%，CT100%,MRI66.7%。结论：胰岛细胞肿瘤定位：无功能组较功能组诊断阳性率高，肿瘤体积大，经各种检查仍不能定位时，可根据临床表现实行开腹探查；首选胰岛细胞瘤摘除术，必要时可行胰十二指肠切除或胰体尾切除；对无法彻底切除的恶性胰岛细胞肿瘤，应尽量切除原发和转移病灶。无功能组较功能组治愈率低，生存期较短，预后较差。     

非功能性胰岛细胞瘤的诊断和治疗(附24例报告)

非功能性胰岛细胞瘤的诊断和治疗（附２４例报告）李鲁传，李占元非功能性胰岛细胞瘤较少见，约占胰岛细胞瘤的１５％～４１％，我院自己１９７０年～１９９７年间收治非功能性胰岛细胞瘤２４例，报告如下。１临床资料本组２４例中，男５例，女１９例，年龄７～５８岁，腹...     

十二指肠肿瘤的诊断及手术方法的探讨--附12例临床分析

手术治疗十二指肠肿瘤患者 12例 ,术前分别行B超、螺旋CT、钡剂造影、内镜检查 ;术中行常规冷冻病理切片检查 ;确诊良性肿瘤 8例 ,恶性 4例。除降部 3例恶性肿瘤行传统胰十二指肠切除术外 ,其余病例行十二指肠节段性切除。结果 :B超、钡剂造影、螺旋CT、内镜检出率分别为 5 / 7、81 8% ( 9/ 11)、8/ 9及 83 3 % ( 10 / 12 ) ;十二指肠节段切除手术平均时间 2 5h ( 1 5～ 4h) ,胰十二指肠切除术平均 5 5h( 4 5～ 6 5h)。所有病例术后恢复良好 ,无手术并发症出现。平均住院时间 18d( 12～ 2 3d)。随访时间 3 0 ( 3～ 48)个月 ,无肿瘤复发。回顾分析结果显示 ,螺旋CT在诊断十二指肠肿瘤方面具有优势 ,十二指肠降段及水平段良性或低度恶性肿瘤行十二指肠节段切除安全简便 ,切实可行     

恶性胰岛细胞瘤14例诊治分析

目的：探讨恶性胰岛细胞瘤诊治的经验，以期提高诊断和治疗水平。方法：回顾分析1980年1月～2004年4月收治的56例胰岛细胞瘤患者资料，其中恶性胰岛瘤14例，占25．00％。结果：本病临床症状不典型，上腹部肿块为其主要症状，术前定位相对容易，定性诊断困难诸多，B超和CT是其主要的检查手段。14例患者均行手术探查，肿瘤摘除术Ⅰ例，胰体尾切除加脾切除术6例，胰十二指肠切除术5例，肿瘤活检2例。其中Ⅰ例一期行肝转移灶切除。5年存活率50．00％。结论：本病需将病理检查和肿瘤生物学行为结合起来判定良、恶性，手术切除是治疗本病的有效方法，综合治疗有望提高其生存率。     

肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤3 3例的诊断和治疗

目的 :提高嗜铬细胞瘤的诊治水平。方法 :回顾分析 1990年— 2 0 0 0年收治的 33例嗜铬细胞瘤。临床表现为高血压者 85 % (2 8/ 33) ,尿 VMA升高者 44 % (11/ 2 5 )。 B超、 CT和 MRI定位诊断的阳性率分别为97% ,10 0 %和 10 0 %。结果 :全部病例均经手术和病理证实 ,其良性 32例 ,恶性 1例 ;肿瘤全部来源于肾上腺。结论 :强调术前的充分准备 ,早期手术是有效的治疗方法     

巨大无功能性胰岛细胞瘤五例报告

无功能性胰岛细胞瘤是一种较少见的胰腺肿瘤.直径超过5cm以上者称巨大型.容易发生恶性变.早期因缺乏特殊症状和体征,故术前很难作出正确诊断。我院自1984年5月～1989年1月共收治五例,现报告如下.     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤与非功能性胰岛细胞瘤临床分析

目的:研究胰腺实性假乳头状瘤(SPTP)与非功能性胰岛细胞瘤(NICT)的临床症状、血清学指标和影像学表现,探讨如何进行鉴别诊断. 方法: 回顾性分析17例SPTP与10例NICT的临床诊治情况. 结果: SPTP患者平均23.8±6.5岁,女性占88.2%(15/17),70.6%(12/17)无明显症状,NICT患者平均43.5±9.3岁,女性占70%(7/10),30%(3/10)无明显症状,两组在年龄、性别和临床症状方面的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).SPTP组肿瘤直径平均9.5±3.4cm,NICT组肿瘤直径平均9.1±3.9cm;两组在肿瘤大小和血清肿瘤标志物水平方面的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).SPTP的CT平扫影像可见囊性与实性成分相间,增强扫描动脉期肿瘤实性成分呈现轻微强化,静脉期强化稍强;NICT的CT平扫影像显示为实性成分为主的肿瘤,增强扫描动脉期肿瘤的实性部分均明显强化,静脉期强化稍减弱;NICT的强化比SPTP明显. 结论: 综合分析临床表现和CT等影像学检查有助于SPTP与NICT的鉴别诊断.     

Natural history of a patient with malignant nonfunctioning islet cell tumor associated with unresectable multiple liver metastases

Islet cell tumors of the pancreas are uncommon. Approximately 15% of islet cell tumors are nonfunctioning and have a higher malignancy rate than their functioning counterparts. Though, because of the rarity of malignant nonfunctioning islet cell tumors, the natural history of a patient with this tumor has not been clearly defined. We describe a young patient with unresectable malignant nonfunctioning islet cell tumor associated with multiple liver metastases. He was treated with palliative therapies to improve his quality of life, but did not undergo surgical removal of tumors or systemic chemotherapy. He survived for 46 months since laparotomy for histological diagnosis. Our findings may represent the natural history of patients with unresectable malignant nonfunctioning islet cell tumor, and suggest that palliative therapy may contribute not only to the improvement of a patients' quality of life but also the prolongation of survival.     

儿童恶性淋巴瘤化疗后胸腺反应性增生的临床分析

背景与目的：恶性肿瘤患者化疗后胸腺反应性增生不易与肿瘤残留或复发鉴别。常被误诊为肿瘤残留或复发而过度治疗。本研究通过分析儿童恶性淋巴瘤化疗后胸腺反应性增生的病例．探讨化疗后胸腺反应性增生的临床特征,以加深对此种病征的认识。方法：收集1999年3月至2004年3月初治淋巴瘤患者经化疗后胸腺反应性增生者共13例。其中霍奇金淋巴瘤5例。非霍奇金淋巴瘤8例。确诊后均予化疗。常规行CT检查评价疗效或追踪观察。纵隔出现新增肿块后,部分患者行正电子发射计算机断层扫描（positive electron tomography computed tomography,PET／CT）检查,明确肿块性质,再决定进一步的治疗;因经济条件所限而不能做PET／CT检查者,予密切追踪观察。结果：10例患者起病时肿瘤即侵犯纵隔,3例患者起病时纵隔无肿瘤侵犯。9例在化疗结束后随诊期间出现胸腺增生,4例在维持治疗期间出现（均为淋巴母细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者）。CT显示纵隔新增肿块影最大横径为2．2～6．0cm。平均3．7cm。胸腺增生距离上次化疗结束时间2～12个月,平均4个月。5例患者行PET／CT检查,均显示纵隔肿块无肿瘤活性。3例胸腺增生患者被误诊为肿瘤进展或复发,予二线治疗。所有患者随访1-6年（中位时间4年）,无肿瘤复发征象。结论：儿童淋巴瘤患者在强烈化疗后胸腺可出现反应性增生．临床上须避免误诊为胸腺恶性肿瘤而过度治疗。     

17例无功能性胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的诊治分析

目的:报道17例无功能性胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤并分析其诊治方法。方法:回顾性分析自2002年1月至2014年8月我院收治的17例无功能性胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤患者的临床资料并结合文献进行复习讨论。结果:肿瘤位于胰头部8例,胰体尾部8例,弥漫整个胰腺1例。17例患者均行手术治疗,术后病理检查均提示无功能性胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤。瘤体直径3-15cm,均呈浸润性生长,3例发生肝转移。1例术后3小时因肺梗塞死亡,另随访到13例,9例存活至今,2例死于肿瘤复发,各有1例死于肺部感染及术后肝转移。结论:无功能性胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤确诊需依赖病理学检查,以手术为主的综合治疗能够提高患者生存率,改善预后。     

无功能胰岛细胞肿瘤的诊断与治疗

目的分析无功能胰岛细胞肿瘤(NFICCs)的临床病理特征,探讨其临床诊治方法。方法回顾性分析43例无功能胰岛细胞肿瘤的临床、病理及预后资料。采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析及Log rank统计分析。结果43例无功能胰岛细胞肿瘤患者中,无功能胰岛细胞癌(NFICC)28例,无功能胰岛细胞瘤(BNFICTs)15例。临床症状以腹痛、恶心、呕吐、乏力及腹部肿块多见。术前B超及CT均能确定胰腺肿块。肿瘤位于胰头部21例,胰尾部10例,胰体部6例,体尾部5例,多发性1例。全组总的手术切除率为90.7%,根治切除率为69.8%,姑息手术20.9%。NFICC患者手术切除率及根治性切除率分别为78.6%和60.7%。NFICC患者的5年及10年生存率分别为58.1%和29.0%。女性、30岁以下、根治性手术以及肿瘤直径<10 cm的患者预后较好。多因素回归分析证实,手术方法是惟一的预后影响因素(P=0.007)。结论无功能胰岛细胞肿瘤好发于年轻女性,手术切除率较高。患者采取手术治疗、特别是根治性手术,可以获得较理想的远期疗效。     

Malignancy in giant cell tumor of bone

BACKGROUND: The term malignant giant cell tumor embraces multiple entities and therefore can be confusing. The goals of the current study were to define the clinicopathologic and histologic features of malignancy in giant cell tumors and to clarify the terminology. METHODS: The authors reviewed all cases from the Rizzoli Institute (Bologna, Italy) of primary (PMGCT) and secondary (SMGCT) malignancy in giant cell tumors. PMGCT is a high-grade sarcoma that arises side by side with benign giant cell tumors. SMGCT is a high-grade sarcoma that occurs at the sites of previously treated giant cell tumors of bone. RESULTS: The authors report 5 PMGCTs and 12 SMGCTs; half of the SMGCTs were postradiation sarcomas. Patient age ranged from 20 to 68 years (median, 62 years) for PMGCT and from 30 to 77 years (median, 40 years) for SMGCT. The average latent period between diagnosis of giant cell tumor and diagnosis of SMGCT was 9 years (range, 3-15 years) for patients with postradiation SMGCT and 19 years (range, 7-28 years) for patients with SMGCT resulting from spontaneous transformation. The histologic classification of high-grade sarcomas in the PMGCT group was osteosarcoma in four cases and malignant fibrous histiocytoma in one case. In the SMGCT group, the histologic classification was osteosarcoma in nine cases, fibrosarcoma in two cases, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma in one case. The outcomes associated with all malignancies in giant cell tumors were poor, with the worst outcome associated with postradiation SMGCT. CONCLUSIONS: Malignancies in giant cell tumors of bone always are high-grade sarcomas with a poor prognosis. These lesions must be distinguished from benign giant cell tumors of bone. SMGCT usually is easy to diagnose upon malignant clinicoradiographic presentation. In contrast, PMGCT often mimics giant cell tumors both clinically and radiographically. In addition, upon histologic examination, PMGCT shows areas of conventional giant cell tumor, which can lead to difficulties in making the correct diagnosis.     

Nonfunctioning islet cell tumors of the pancreas: clinical, imaging and pathological aspects in 16 patients

BACKGROUND: Nonfunctioning islet cell tumors (NFICTs) usually reach a large size prior to detection, at which stage patients have some symptoms or signs. Recently, NFICTs have been discovered in asymptomatic patients with increasing frequency owing to advances in diagnostic imaging techniques. This study investigated clinical, imaging and pathological features in recent cases of NFICT. METHODS: The medical records, radiographs and pathological specimens of 16 patients with NFICT who were evaluated between April 1991 and March 1996 were reviewed. RESULTS: Tumor sizes ranged from 0.8 to 17 cm (average, 5.2 cm). Five patients (31%) had some symptoms or signs at the time of diagnosis; however, the other 11 (69%) had no symptoms. Of 10 patients with a tumor of size 5 cm or less, nine were asymptomatic and all tumors were histologically benign. In contrast, in six patients with a tumor larger than 5 cm, four had some symptoms and five tumors were malignant. The detection rates of pancreatic tumor mass on ultrasonography and computed tomography were 94% (15/16) each. All 14 patients in whom the tumor was completely resected survived without recurrence; however, the remaining two patients with liver metastases died following recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: US and CT are useful in detecting NFICTs even if the tumor is small and the patient is asymptomatic. The detection of NFICTs of small size and their complete removal are essential for a successful cure.      

胃恶性间质瘤的诊断与治疗

目的:探讨胃恶性间质瘤的术前诊断方法及有效的治疗手段。方法:回顾性分析我院1995年~2005年间收治的9例胃恶性间质瘤患者的临床表现、理化检查、治疗方法及结果。结果:胃恶性间质瘤患者多表现为反复的消化道出血、腹痛、腹部不适及腹部包块,纤维胃镜、超声内镜、消化道钡透、腹部CT检查有助于手术前诊断。本组患者肿瘤最大直径为5.5cm~21cm,平均为11.8cm,根治性手术7例、姑息性减瘤手术2例,根治性手术患者中2例术后复发接受二次手术,4例无瘤生存5年以上,姑息性手术2例患者均于术后6个月内死亡。免疫组化检查CD117阳性9例(100%)、CD34阳性7例(77.8%)、Vimentin阳性7例(77.8%)S-100阳性5例(55.6%),Actin阳性4例(44.5%)。结论:免疫组化检查可确诊胃恶性间质瘤,根治性手术减少手术后复发及远处转移。     

Neuroendocrine Pancreatic Tumors Clinical Findings in a prospective study of 84 patients

Endocrine pancreatic tumors are slowly growing neuroendocrine neoplasms with a malignant potential which may cause symptoms such as hypoglycemia, multiple ulcers, diarrhea, flush, hyperglycemia and skin rash. A prospective study was performed on 84 patients with endocrine pancreatic tumors. In 59 patients (70%) the tumors were malignant. Of the 84 patients, 23 had insulinomas, 25 gastrinomas, 20 nonfunctioning tumors, 14 the WDHA syndrome, I somatostatinoma and 1 glucagonoma. The median age at diagnosis was 53 years and the median delay from first symptom to diagnosis was 2 years. The most common site of the pancreatic primary tumor was the tail (41 %), and metastases were most frequently located in the liver (60%) and lymph nodes (44%). Plasma chromogranin A + B was elevated in 94%, serum pancreatic polypeptide (PP) in 74%, plasma neurotensin in 67% and serum gastrin in 62%. Serum HCG-aL and -bT subunits were elevated in 41 and 30% respectively, all except 3 having a verified malignant tumor. The median survival from first symptom and diagnosis was 14.2 and 8.7 years respectively. Patients with MEN-1 had a significantly better survival from diagnosis than sporadic cases (median 15.1 versus 5.8 years). Patients who received interferon after failing chemotherapy had a significantly better survival than those given chemotherapy alone (5-year survival 65 and 50% respectively).     

两镜联合治疗30例胃间质瘤的临床体会

目的:探讨胃镜联合腹腔镜手术切除胃间质瘤的安全性、可靠性。方法:回顾性总结天津市人民医院消化外科自2004年7 月至2009年3 月共30例胃间质瘤患者采用胃镜联合腹腔镜手术切除的临床病理资料,并进行随访。其中男18例,女12例。结果:30例患者术前经胃镜、超声胃镜、上消化道钡餐造影及腹部CT、腹部核磁共振检查诊断胃间质瘤。瘤体位于胃后壁11例,胃前壁19例;胃底部10例,胃体部16例（大弯侧11例,小弯侧5 例）,小弯近贲门1 例,胃窦体交界部3 例。30例手术均获成功,无手术死亡及中转开腹,手术时间40~120min,平均时间70min;术中出血量20~80mL,术后测量肿瘤直径0.7~5.0cm,平均直径1.5cm。术后免疫组化结果为:CD117 阳性28例（93.3%）,CD34阳性26例（86.7%）。 术后病理判定肿瘤生物学风险行为结果,极低度风险18例,低度风险9 例,中度风险3 例,高度风险0 例。术后48h 内下床活动、恢复胃肠功能,术后2～3 天进流质饮食,无术后并发症,术后住院4～7 天。术后随访1～36个月,经胃镜复诊,未发现复发及转移。结论:胃间质瘤临床表现缺乏特异性,诊断主要依靠上消化道造影、电子胃镜、超声内镜及CT检查。手术切除是胃间质瘤唯一有效的治疗方法,胃镜联合腹腔镜手术治疗安全、可靠,并发症少,并具有定位准确、创伤小,术后恢复快,疗效确切等优点,值得被广泛推广应用。