Bronchial carcinoid of an accessory tracheal bronchus

We present a rare case of bronchial carcinoid tumor arising in an accessory right tracheal bronchus and involving the associated tracheal lobe in a 48-year-old man, who presented with a history of recurrent respiratory infections and recent onset of hemoptysis. Diagnosis was established on preoperative bronchoscopy and biopsy. The tumor was completely removed by right upper lobectomy with the tracheal bronchus resected flush to its origin from the right lower tracheal wall. Final histology revealed a typical carcinoid tumor.     

Modified sliding tracheal plasty using the bridging bronchus for repair of long-segment tracheal stenosis

A child with severe respiratory distress, previously operated on at age 4 months for pulmonary sling and atrial septal defect, underwent reoperation at age 4 years because of long-segment congenital tracheal stenosis complicated by an abnormal branching of the trachea-bridging bronchus. We review the anatomy of that rare pathomorphology and describe a slide tracheoplasty that uses the bridging bronchus for treatment of this complex anomaly.     

Tracheobronchoplasty for resection of lung cancer arising from a tracheal bronchus

Tracheal bronchus is a rare anomoly wherein a bronchus arises directly from the trachea and supplies the right upper lobe. We had a case of lung cancer arising from a tracheal bronchus with invasion into the trachea. Tracheobronchoplasty was needed for complete resection of the tumor. Because of the anatomical characteristics of the tracheal bronchus, special surgical techniques for resection of the neoplasm were needed.     

Congenital absence of the right upper lobe bronchus with double segmental tracheal bronchi

A multidisciplinary approach revealed an absent right upper lobe bronchus and atretic bronchioles in a child with recurrent pulmonary infections. Use of a multidimensional computed tomographic scan and bronchoscopy clearly delineated the anatomical aberration. The child underwent an uncomplicated right upper anterior segmentectomy with an expedient recovery.     

Symptomatic accessory cardiac bronchus

Symptomatic accessory cardiac bronchus is rare. A 52-year-old woman with an accessory bronchus, who had had frequent episodes of hemosputum for 6 years, suffered from empyema complicated by a right lower lung abscess infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Resection of the anomalous cardiac bronchus after open drainage of the pleural cavity was successful.     

Resection of the entire left mainstem bronchus for an inflammatory pseudotumor

We present the case of a 16-year-old white girl with a history of recurrent postobstructive pneumonia. Chest roentgenogram, chest computed tomography, and bronchoscopy revealed a mass in the left mainstem bronchus with an exophytic component. Multiple bronchoscopic biopsies confirmed the mass to be an inflammatory pseudotumor. After failing months of medical therapy with systemic steroids as well as several laser ablations, the tumor was removed through a left thoracotomy with resection of the entire left mainstem bronchus and reimplantation of the left upper and lower lobe into the trachea without complication or recurrence after 1 year.     

Surgical resection of adenocarcinoma arising from an accessory cardiac bronchus

A 62-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for evaluation of hemoptysis. Chest computed tomography demonstrated an accessory cardiac bronchus (ACB) arising from the carina with a well-defined mass approximately 3 cm in size. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy also revealed the presence of an ACB arising from the carina. We performed mass excision and en bloc resection of portions of the pericardium. Pathologic examination revealed that the tumor was an adenocarcinoma arising from an ACB.     

Hamartochondroma arising from a tracheal bronchus

Tracheal bronchus is a congenital abnormality rarely described in the literature. It is mostly completely asymptomatic. This condition may rarely be associated with inflammatory diseases. Exceptional are those cases in which the condition is associated with malignancy. We describe a case of a 45-year-old man in whom a 3-month history of non-productive cough and chest pain led to a diagnosis of a solitary pulmonary nodule associated with a tracheal bronchus. The histopathological examination after VATS enucleation showed the presence of a hamartochondroma. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case in which a hamartochondroma has been found to be associated with a tracheal bronchus.