Primary reconstruction of a degloved middle finger with a temporoparietal free flap.

The treatment of complete ring avulsion injuries is very demanding, and frequently the results are less than optimal. We present a case of a degloved middle finger reconstructed with a temporoparietal fascial free flap and skin grafting. This produced an aesthetic and functional finger.     

Reconstruction of a degloved finger with a heterodigital reverse dorsal digitometacarpal flap.

We used a reverse dorsal digitometacarpal flap to reconstruct a degloved finger in a 60-year-old patient who had an avulsion digital amputation. The digitometacarpal island dorsal flap was raised on the vascular axis of the ring finger and wrapped around the degloved little finger. The long term results were good.     

Reconstruction of a degloved finger with a heterodigital reverse dorsal digitometacarpal flap

We used a reverse dorsal digitometacarpal flap to reconstruct a degloved finger in a 60-year-old patient who had an avulsion digital amputation. The digitometacarpal island dorsal flap was raised on the vascular axis of the ring finger and wrapped around the degloved little finger. The long term results were good.     

中环指相邻侧岛状皮瓣瓦合修复拇指指端脱套伤

目的总结采用同一血管蒂的中指尺侧和环指桡侧指动脉岛状皮瓣瓦合修复拇指指端脱套伤的手术方法和临床疗效。方法2008年9月-2012年7月．采用同一血管蒂的中指尺侧和环指桡侧指动脉岛状皮瓣瓦合修复拇指指端脱套伤8例。左手拇指3例,右手5例。皮肤缺损范围为4．0cm×3．2cm～7．2cm×5．5cm。伤后至入院时间为20min-7h,平均3．5h。本组中指皮瓣切取范围为2．5cm×2．2cm-4．2cm×3．0cm,环指皮瓣为2．0cmv1．5cm-3．5cm×2．8cm。供区取中厚皮片游离移植修复,打包加压包扎。结果本组皮瓣均顺利成活,切口及供区植皮均一期愈合。术后随访6～18个月,平均12个月。皮瓣外形、质地均良好,恢复保护性感觉,患指屈伸功能正常。参照中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准评定：优4例,良3例,可1例．优良率为87．5％。供指外形及功能无影响。结论采用同一血管蒂的中指尺侧和环指桡侧指动脉岛状皮瓣瓦合修复拇指指端脱套伤,手术操作简便,疗效满意。     

全手皮肤脱套伤的治疗体会

目的报道全手皮肤脱套伤的手术方法及临床效果。方法通过重建手指动、静脉,并吻合脱套皮肤和前臂皮肤深、浅静脉建立静脉回流后,将脱套皮肤回植的方法治疗全手皮肤脱套伤3例。结果术后全手皮肤全部成活,外形、感觉恢复均较为满意。结论通过重建浅静脉回流的方式将脱套皮肤回植,为全手皮肤脱套伤提供了一个术式。     

Revascularization of the digits and palm

In 1962, Kleinert and Kasden performed the first successful revascularization of an incompletely amputated thumb. This was followed, in 1965, by Komatsu and Tamai, who performed the first successful replantation of a thumb. Since then, microsurgery has helped to solve a wide variety of difficult surgical problems and achieve a more functional and cosmetically acceptable digit. These problems include ring avulsions, distal finger amputations, and degloved skin.     

Degloving Injury

Abstract Background: Degloving is a potentially serious injury in which an extensive area of skin is torn from its underlying attachments and thereby deprived of its blood supply. Case Study: Two cases of degloving injury are described, one occurring as a result of the shearing effect of a vehicle wheel passing over the limb in a run-over accident and one caused by a ring of the fourth-hand finger. The degloved skin must be grafted with the help of plastic surgery either by removing the subcutaneous fat from the damaged skin and applying it as a free graft or by taking a graft from elsewhere. Conclusion: Degloved skin is dead and should be replaced as if it were a free skin graft. A number of plastic surgical procedures are available at the moment.     

Treatment of degloving injury of three fingers with an anterolateral thigh flap

The degloving injuries of the digits and palm remain a persistent challenge. We used an anterolateral thigh flap to treat an 18-year-old, right-handed male worker with degloving injuries of the index, middle and ring fingers. The flap was designated to wrap the entire circumference of three fingers sustaining degloving injury and to form mitten-hand. The total lengths of the distal phalanxes of three fingers were retained almost complete. The donor defect was covered with split-thickness skin graft. Three months after the first operation, roentgenograms revealed terminal phalanxex resorption in three injured fingers, and the surgical syndactyly between the middle and ring finger was separated at the same time. One month later, the syndactyly between the index and middle fingers was also separated. Good coverage of the soft tissue defects with good function and appearance was achieved. Therefore,we considered that the length of the degloved finger could be preserved using free flap.     

Salvage of complete degloved digits with reversed vascularized pedicled forearm flap: a new technique

Complete ring avulsion injury necessitates a difficult choice between microvascular repair and revision amputation. Microvascular repair is technically difficult and amputation may leave an unsatisfactory result. We describe an alternative method whereby a reverse radial forearm flap is wrapped around the complete degloved digit. This provides good quality cover to the whole volar, dorsum, and both sides of the finger. We performed 26 pedicle radial forearm flaps for 26 patients in the Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery Unit, Sohag University Hospital, from 2001 to 2009. Indications included soft tissue coverage of the thumb (n = 8), ring finger (n = 11), index finger (n = 4), middle finger (n = 2), and little finger (n = 1). Finger salvage was successful in 96% of patients. There was complete loss of 1 flap and partial flap loss of a second. Finger range of motion was excellent in 18 fingers, good in 7, and fair in 1. Two donor sites were closed primarily; the rest were closed with split-thickness skin grafts. There were no reports of cold intolerance of the hand or dysesthesias in the superficial radial nerve or lateral antebrachial nerve distribution.     

第2趾甲皮瓣及足背皮瓣修复全指脱套伤

目的探讨第2趾甲皮瓣及足背皮瓣修复全指皮肤脱套伤的临床效果。方法对23例26指（食、中指）全指皮肤脱套伤,采用第2趾甲皮瓣及足背皮瓣进行修复,皮瓣切取面积最大11．5cm×12．0cm,最小8．0cm×10．0cm。结果术后皮瓣全部成活,随访10-24个月,平均12．4个月,伤指外形及屈伸功能均满意,两点辨别觉为5-8mm。结论采用第2趾甲皮瓣及足背皮瓣修复全指皮肤脱套伤,可最大限度地恢复伤指的外形和功能。     

掌背皮神经及指动脉岛状皮瓣瓦合修复食指皮肤脱套伤

目的 :探讨临床修复食指皮肤脱套伤的一种新方法。方法 :10只成人新鲜手标本 ,显微镜下解剖观察桡神经浅支—掌背皮神经在手部的走行、分布情况及其横径的大小。临床设计以掌背皮神经营养血管为蒂的逆行岛状皮瓣和中指尺侧指动脉岛状皮瓣瓦合 ,急诊修复食指皮肤脱套伤 6例 6指。结果 :临床应用 6例 ,皮瓣全部成活 ,术后随访 6～ 12个月 ,伤指除缺少指甲及稍短外 ,外形及皮肤色质与健指相似 ,食指掌侧远端指腹两点辨别觉为 3 .5～ 6 .0mm ,运动功能按TAM系统标准评价 :优 1指 ,良 3指 ,可 2指。结论 :掌背皮神经营养血管为蒂的逆行岛状皮瓣和中指尺侧指动脉岛状皮瓣瓦合是修复食指皮肤脱套伤的一种良好方法。     

Secondary reconstruction by temporoparietal free fascial flap for ring avulsion injury

We report the secondary reconstruction of an amputated finger following a ring avulsion injury using a temporoparietal fascial flap (TPFF). There have been reports of preserving degloved fingers using a cross-finger flap and an abdominal flap, but it is difficult to obtain good results with these procedures. The TPFF is an ideal, thin flap that gives excellent results, preserving movement of the phalangeal joint.     

背甲皮瓣移植联合带指神经血管蒂岛状皮瓣移位再造拇指

目的探索拇指再造的新术式。方法采用吻合血管的背甲皮瓣移植联合带指神经血管蒂的岛状皮瓣移位,急诊延迟再造拇指。根据拇指残端情况,可选用中指尺侧或环指桡侧的岛状皮瓣。结果再造拇指３例全部成活,外形与功能恢复均良好。结论为急诊延迟再造拇指提供一种新方法,适用于拇指皮肤脱套伤及Ⅱ、Ⅲ度截指。     

How to harvest skin graft from the avulsed flap in degloving injuries

A new and simple way of harvesting skin graft from a degloved flap is presented. This technique allows precise harvesting and does not require assistance. The split-thickness skin excision is also a reliable diagnostic tool for determining degloved flap avascularity.     

应用改良(躅)甲瓣修复拇手指脱套伤

目的 探讨应用改良(躅)甲瓣修复各型拇、手指脱套伤的临床疗效.方法 根据不同损伤类型,采取4种方式修复18例28个脱套拇手指:①单侧改良(躅)甲瓣修复9例9个拇指近节中段以远脱套及3例3指近侧指间关节以远脱套;②单侧改良(躅)甲瓣加第二趾胫侧皮瓣修复2例2指全指脱套;③双侧改良(躅)甲瓣修复1例双侧拇指脱套;④双侧改良(躅)甲瓣加第二趾胫侧皮瓣与带感觉的超薄股前外侧皮瓣修复3例12指脱套.(躅)甲瓣切取时携带全部趾甲,保留(躅)趾趾底偏胫侧三角形皮瓣.结果 18例22块(躅)甲瓣及3块超薄股前外侧皮瓣均一期完全成活.15例获随访8～25个月,再造拇、手指外观接近健侧指体,运动及感觉恢复满意,供区无增生性瘢痕,跖底三角形皮瓣显著增宽,所有患者步行、跑、跳均无明显受限.结论 应用改良(躅)甲瓣修复拇手指脱套伤,不但受区可以获得接近健侧的良好外观和功能,而且可使供区损伤减少到最低限度,是目前显微重建拇、手指脱套伤的最佳术式之一.     

全下肢皮肤脱套伤的治疗及评价

目的 报道全下肢皮肤脱套伤的手术方法及临床效果。方法 应用薄全厚皮回植方法治疗全下肢皮肤脱套伤4例。结果 术后皮肤成活率96％以上，外形、感觉恢复均满意。结论 应用薄型全厚皮方法将脱套皮肤回植，为全下肢皮肤脱套伤或大面积皮肤撕脱伤提供一个良好手术方式。     

Salvage in a case of ring avulsion injury with an immediate second-toe wrap-around flap.

A nonreplantable complete degloving injury to the small finger of a young woman was treated with the immediate microsurgical transfer of a second-toe wrap-around flap. One year after the operation, the donor foot was free of symptoms, and the reconstructed finger had an excellent cosmetic appearance, a range of motion of 0/90 degrees at both the metacarpophalangeal and the proximal interphalangeal joints, and a two-point discrimination of 6 mm. In selected patients, when the degloved skin envelope cannot be revascularized and when the skeletal and tendinous units are still intact, an immediate second-toe wrap-around flap may be a good alternative to amputation.     

吻合血管原位修复手部皮肤撕脱伤

目的 探讨手部皮肤撕脱伤的原位修复的具体方法及相关治疗结果,并评价该方法的实用性.方法 通过吻合血管对手部皮肤撕脱伤进行原位修复共21例.①清创后皮肤静脉与基部断端吻合,适用于撕脱皮肤中含有静脉者,本组8例;②拇指吻合动脉和静脉,而手掌侧或背侧撕脱皮肤加压包扎,适用于手掌或手背撕脱合并有拇指脱套伤,本组7例:③指根部动、静脉移植吻合,掌、背侧撕脱皮肤原位修复加压包扎,适用于全手脱套伤、皮肤撕脱至指蹼以远者,本组6例.结果 16例撕脱皮肤完全成活,4例大部分成活,其中3例为直接吻合静脉者,1例为手掌部撕脱合并拇指皮肤脱套伤者,均为掌心皮肤坏死,范围为2 cm×3 cm,二期经游离植皮而愈.1例大部分坏死,为全手脱套伤者,手指部分完全坏死,二期行截肢术.随访1.0～2.5年,20例保肢成功者手掌外观及色泽接近正常,但瘢痕比较明显,皮肤轻度萎缩,感觉S2～S3级,手指伸、屈功能满意,重返工作岗位.结论 对手部皮肤撕脱伤进行分类,采用不同的显微外科吻合血管技术,行皮肤原位回植,能取得令人满意的结果.     

吻合血管原位修复手部皮肤撕脱伤

目的 探讨手部皮肤撕脱伤的原位修复的具体方法及相关治疗结果,并评价该方法的实用性.方法 通过吻合血管对手部皮肤撕脱伤进行原位修复共21例.①清创后皮肤静脉与基部断端吻合,适用于撕脱皮肤中含有静脉者,本组8例;②拇指吻合动脉和静脉,而手掌侧或背侧撕脱皮肤加压包扎,适用于手掌或手背撕脱合并有拇指脱套伤,本组7例:③指根部动、静脉移植吻合,掌、背侧撕脱皮肤原位修复加压包扎,适用于全手脱套伤、皮肤撕脱至指蹼以远者,本组6例.结果 16例撕脱皮肤完全成活,4例大部分成活,其中3例为直接吻合静脉者,1例为手掌部撕脱合并拇指皮肤脱套伤者,均为掌心皮肤坏死,范围为2 cm×3 cm,二期经游离植皮而愈.1例大部分坏死,为全手脱套伤者,手指部分完全坏死,二期行截肢术.随访1.0～2.5年,20例保肢成功者手掌外观及色泽接近正常,但瘢痕比较明显,皮肤轻度萎缩,感觉S2～S3级,手指伸、屈功能满意,重返工作岗位.结论 对手部皮肤撕脱伤进行分类,采用不同的显微外科吻合血管技术,行皮肤原位回植,能取得令人满意的结果.     

吻合血管原位修复手部皮肤撕脱伤

目的 探讨手部皮肤撕脱伤的原位修复的具体方法及相关治疗结果,并评价该方法的实用性.方法 通过吻合血管对手部皮肤撕脱伤进行原位修复共21例.①清创后皮肤静脉与基部断端吻合,适用于撕脱皮肤中含有静脉者,本组8例;②拇指吻合动脉和静脉,而手掌侧或背侧撕脱皮肤加压包扎,适用于手掌或手背撕脱合并有拇指脱套伤,本组7例:③指根部动、静脉移植吻合,掌、背侧撕脱皮肤原位修复加压包扎,适用于全手脱套伤、皮肤撕脱至指蹼以远者,本组6例.结果 16例撕脱皮肤完全成活,4例大部分成活,其中3例为直接吻合静脉者,1例为手掌部撕脱合并拇指皮肤脱套伤者,均为掌心皮肤坏死,范围为2 cm×3 cm,二期经游离植皮而愈.1例大部分坏死,为全手脱套伤者,手指部分完全坏死,二期行截肢术.随访1.0～2.5年,20例保肢成功者手掌外观及色泽接近正常,但瘢痕比较明显,皮肤轻度萎缩,感觉S2～S3级,手指伸、屈功能满意,重返工作岗位.结论 对手部皮肤撕脱伤进行分类,采用不同的显微外科吻合血管技术,行皮肤原位回植,能取得令人满意的结果.