心力衰竭患者血尿酸与有创血液动力学监测指标、血浆N末端B型利钠肽原和高敏C反应蛋白的相关研究

目的 评价心力衰竭(心衰)患者血尿酸与有创血液动力学监测指标、血浆N末端B型利钠肽原(NT-proBNP)和高敏C反应蛋白(Hs-CRP)的相关性.方法 选择141例NYHA Ⅱ～Ⅳ级心衰患者,在入院12 h内行漂浮导管监测和血尿酸等常规检查,同时检测血浆NT-proBNP和Hs-ClIP.结果 高尿酸血症的比率为55.30%,肺毛细血管楔压(PCWP)在高尿酸血症总组及高尿酸血症A、B、C组均较正常血尿酸组显著增高(P<0.01,P=0.01,P<0.01,P<0.01).血浆NT-proBNP在高尿酸血症总组和高尿酸血症C组较正常血尿酸组显著增高(P=0.02,P<0.01).与PCWP<18mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)组比较,高NT-proBNP和高尿酸血症比率在PCWP≥18 mm Hg、<28mm Hg组和PCWP≥28 mm Hg组均显著增高(P=0.01,P=0.02;P<0.01,P<0.01).偏相关分析表明,血尿酸分别与右房压、右室压、肺动脉压和PCWP相关(r=0.19,P=0.03;r:0.45,P<0.01;r=0.23,P=0.01;r=0.24,P=0.01).多元回归分析表明,血尿酸和血浆NT-proBNP分别与PC:WP独立相关(β=0.24,P=0.01;β=0.47,P<0.01).血浆Hs-CRP以及左室射血分数与血尿酸及PCWP均不相关.结论 心衰患者血尿酸水平与PCWP等有创血液动力学指标独立相关,与血浆NT-proBNP结合可能更有利于心衰患者的临床评价.     

Clinical value of B-type natriuretic peptide for the assessment of left ventricular filling pressures in patients with systolic heart failure and inconclusive tissue Doppler indexes

Invasive hemodynamic monitoring with Swan-Ganz catheterization to guide treatment decisions in heart failure may be hazardous and may lack prognostic value. We assessed the clinical utility of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in estimating left ventricular filling pressures in patients with inconclusive tissue Doppler indexes. In this study, 50 patients with systolic heart failure and an early transmitral velocity to early diastolic mitral annular velocity ratio (E/Ea) between 8 and 15 were studied. Among them, 25 had been admitted for acutely decompensated heart failure (group A) and the remainder were clinically stable outpatients (group B). All patients underwent simultaneous invasive pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) determination, BNP measurement, and echocardiography. In group A, BNP correlated with PCWP (r = 0.803, P < 0.001), deceleration time (DT, r = -0.602, p = 0.001), and end-systolic wall stress (SWS, r = 0.565, P = 0.003). In multivariate analysis, BNP was the only parameter independently associated with PCWP (P = 0.023). In group B, no correlation was found between BNP and PCWP or SWS, while DT correlated significantly with both PCWP (r = -0.817, P < 0.001) and BNP (r = -0.8, P < 0.001). We conclude that BNP may be a useful noninvasive tool for the assessment of left ventricular filling pressures in patients with acutely decompensated heart failure and inconclusive tissue Doppler indexes.     

急性失代偿充血性心力衰竭患者氨基端脑钠肽前体水平与血流动力学参数间的相关性分析

目的 通过对血氨基端B-型尿钠肽前体（ NT-proBNP）水平、左室射血分数（LVEF）和左室舒张期末内径（ LVEDd）与急性失代偿性心力衰竭患者的有创血流动力学指标进行相关性分析,评估NT-proBNP在急性失代偿性心力衰竭治疗监测中的意义.方法 连续入选我院重症监护病房急性失代偿性充血性心力衰竭（NYHAⅢ～Ⅳ）、LVEF＜40％、Swan Ganz导管检查肺毛细血管楔压（PCWP）≥13mmHg患者共32例.在植入Swan Ganz导管前8小时内,进行血NT-proBNP水平检测及超声心动图检查;冰盐水热稀释法连续测量平均肺动脉压（MPAP）、PCWP、系统血管阻力指数（ SVRI）和心脏指数（CI）三次,并记录平均值.对NT-proBNP水平与LVEF、LVEDd及有创血流动力学指标进行线性相关性分析.结果LVEF、LVEDd与CI及PCWP之间无显著相关性;NT-proBNP与CI具有显著相关性（r=-0.356,P＜ 0.05）,与PCWP无显著相关性;有创血流动力学指标中,MPAP,PCWP,SVRI与CI具有显著相关性（r=-0.358,r=-0.309,r=-0.576,P＜0.05）,MPAP与PCWP具有显著相关性（r=-0.822,P＜0.05）;其它有创血流动力学参数间无显著相关性.结论 急性失代偿充血性心力衰竭患者的常用血流动力学指标中,仅NT-proBNP与CI具有显著相关性,NT-proBNP水平对监测血流动力学状态有重要意义.     

冠心病心力衰竭患者血尿酸、血浆脑利钠肽与左室射血分数的相关性分析

目的探讨冠心病心力衰竭患者血尿酸水平与血浆脑钠肽水平的相关性及与左室射血分数的关系。方法随机选取我院心血管内科住院的80例冠心病心力衰竭患者作为观察组,对照组为非心血管疾病患者30例。两组患者均行血尿酸、血浆脑利钠肽及左室射血分数检测并进行比较,分析尿酸、脑利钠肽与左室射血分数的关系及血尿酸与脑利钠肽的相关性。结果观察组血尿酸、脑利钠肽明显高于对照组[（486．56±78．4）μg／ml比（320．12±82．24）μg／ml,（984．2±482．6）μg／nd比（26．1±5．2）μg／ml]（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,左室射血分数观察组低于对照组[（38±3．6）％比（55±4．5）％,P〈0．01）]。血尿酸及脑钠肽与左室射血分数呈负相关（r=-0．701,P〈0．01;r=-0．695,P〈0．01）,尿酸与脑钠肽呈正相关（r=0．807,P〈0．01）。结论高血尿酸是冠心病心力衰竭的又一个独立的危险因素,它和血浆脑钠肽一样,可以反映心功能恶化程度。血尿酸及脑钠肽与左室射血分数呈负相关。     

Biventricular function in the adult respiratory distress syndrome

We examined biventricular function in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by a combination of invasively determined pressures and flows and concomitant radionuclide angiography. Right (RVEF) and left (LVEF) ventricular ejection fractions were measured; right and left ventricular end-diastolic (EDVI) and end-systolic (ESVI) volume indices were calculated from the respective ejection fraction and measured thermodilution stroke volume. With an increase in the outflow pressure load on the right ventricle, measured as the mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), the RVEF fell (Y = 66.25 -1.01X; r2 = .42; p less than .001) and both the RVEDVI (y = 13.39 + 3.66X; r2 = .33; p less than .001) and RVESVI (Y = 23.9 + 3.57X; r2 = .41; p less than .001) increased. Progressive increases in the PAP also seemed associated with a change in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure-volume relationships: without pulmonary artery hypertension (PAP less than 20 mm Hg) the mean LVEDVI was 87.2 +/- 31.3 ml/m2 (mean +/- SD) and the mean PCWP was 5.0 +/- 2.8 mm Hg; with a mean PAP exceeding 30 mm Hg, the LVEDVI remained constant (90.4 +/- 26.9 ml/m2) although the PCWP was greater than previous (18.5 +/- 5.7 mm Hg; p less than .01). Analysis of right ventricular peak-systolic pressure end-systolic volume ratios implied a concurrent depression in right ventricular contractility at high levels of PAP. However, right ventricular "pump" function to maintain an adequate left ventricular preload remained unaltered regardless of the presence of pulmonary artery hypertension.     

重组人脑钠肽注射液治疗急性失代偿性心力衰竭患者的疗效和安全性

目的:应用Swan-Ganz导管进行血流动力学监测,评价重组人脑钠肽注射液(商品名:奈西立肽)药物治疗急性失代偿性心力衰竭(急性心衰)患者的疗效和安全性. 方法:本研究有中国5家心血管临床研究中心参加,人选40例急性心衰患者.患者用药前应用Swan-Ganz导管进行血流动力学监测,使用奈西立肽先静脉注射2μg/kg,之后,持续静脉泵入0.01μg/(kg·min)24小时.分别在用药前、用药后15 min、1 h、3 h、24 h测量并记录肺毛细血管楔压(PCWP)、肺动脉压(PAP)和心脏排血指数(CI).同时记录治疗前、后的呼吸困难程度、其他临床症状以及全身临床情况的评估.用药过程中及用药后定期测量血压、心率、呼吸频率以及相关的血液生化指标,并对用药过程中出现所有不良事件进行记录,进行安全性评估. 结果:本试验40名受试者都完成了24小时治疗.用药后肺毛细血管楔压、肺动脉收缩压显著性下降、心脏排血指数显著性增高.用药后各观察时间点与用药前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P相似文献   

Fructose-1,6-diphosphate in the treatment of chronic heart failure

Fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) was given to 30 patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) caused by various kinds of heart diseases with the purpose to evaluate the effects of FDP on CHF patients. Definite hemodynamic and clinical improvement has been found in this group. CO increased by 1.61 +/- 0.31 L/Min (35%) (P less than 0.01) PCWP decreased by 5.5 +/- 1.08 mmHg (31%); mean PAP decreased by 5.8 +/- 2.07 mmHg (P less than 0.05). EF increased by 6.9 +/- 1.5 (15.1%) as shown by echocardiography and the peak effect of the drug appeared at 2 hours after administration. The results showed that FDP is effective in the treatment of heart failure, especially in patients with dysfunction of other organs.     

Endocrine predictors of acute hemodynamic effects of growth hormone in congestive heart failure.

BACKGROUND: The aim of our study was to assess whether there could be any clinical and/or endocrine (spontaneous growth hormone [GH] secretion rate, baseline insulin-like growth factor-1 [IGF-1]) predictors and/or determinants of the acute effects of continuous intravenous infusion of recombinant human GH on hemodynamic parameters in 12 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure (CHF). METHODS AND RESULTS: The study involved 12 male patients with chronic CHF (ischemic in 8 patients and idiopathic in 4). Ten patients were in New York Heart Association functional class III or IV and 2 in class II. The first 24 hours were considered the control period; in fact, during the following 24 hours, all the patients underwent intravenous constant pump infusion of recombinant human GH. Blood samples for GH assay were taken every 20 minutes during the first night of the study (from 10 PM to 6 AM). Moreover, blood samples for GH assay were also taken during exogenous GH infusion. Blood samples for IGF-1 assays were taken at 8 AM of each of the 3 days of the study. Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and capillary wedge (PCWP) pressure, cardiac index, and arterial blood pressure were measured 30 minutes after right heart catheterization (baseline 1), at the end of the control period (baseline 2), and every 4 hours during GH infusion. A negative correlation has been found between mean nocturnal GH levels and baseline IGF-1 levels (r = -0.47, P =.124) and between mean nocturnal GH levels and both postinfusion absolute (r = -0.67, P <.05) and delta (postinfusion-preinfusion) (r = -0.58; P < 005) IGF-1 levels. No significant correlations have been found between several parameters of liver function (albumin, bilirubin, and pseudocholinesterase) and mean nocturnal GH. However, baseline IGF-1 levels showed a negative significant correlation (r = -0.76, P <.01) with total bilirubin and a positive correlation (r = 0.72, P <.01) with pseudocholinesterase. Baseline IGF-1 levels showed a significant negative correlation with baseline mean PAP (r = -0.68, P <.05) and PCWP (r = -0.70, P <.05) and a positive correlation with baseline cardiac index (r = 0.71, P <.05). Baseline IGF-1 levels also showed a significant negative correlation with absolute mean PAP (r = -0.63, P <.05) and mean PCWP (r = -0.67, P <.05) after GH infusion. After GH infusion, IGF-1 levels also negatively correlated with post-GH infusion mean PAP (r = -0.50, P =.09) and mean PCWP (r = -0.66, P <.05). The positive correlation between either baseline or postinfusion IGF-1 and the postinfusion cardiac index (r = 0.40 and 0.43, respectively) did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: GH has acute functional effects on the heart in patients with CHF, including both an increase in myocardial contractility and a decrease in vascular resistances, and among patients with CHF, those with low baseline IGF-1 are likely to have fewer beneficial effects from GH infusion.     

Transthoracic impedance accurately estimates pulmonary wedge pressure in patients with decompensated chronic heart failure

Routine cardiac catheterization to assess pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) is not recommended in heart failure (HF), and various noninvasive tools have been proposed. The authors evaluated the reliability of echocardiography, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and thoracic electrical bioimpedance (TEB) in predicting PCWP in 29 patients (72±4?years, New York Heart Association class 3.5±0.9, ejection fraction 28%±6%) who underwent hemodynamic evaluation for worsening HF. Echocardiography was performed immediately before the hemodynamic study. During clinical stability, PCWP, plasma BNP, and TEB were simultaneously assessed. Among TEB variables, thoracic conductance (thoracic fluid content [TFC]=1/kΩ) was used. PCWP was related with E/E' obtained with mitral Doppler and mitral annulus tissue Doppler imaging echocardiography (?R=0.55, P<.005), with BNP levels (R=0.43, P<.01) and TFC values (R=0.69, P<.001). For detection of PCWP ≥15?mm?Hg, TFC ≥35/kΩ had high specificity (97%) and sensitivity (86%) and negative (92%) and positive (97%) predictive value, while E/E' and BNP levels had poorer specificity. After infusion of the inodilator levosimendan, changes in TFC and PCWP were of the same order of magnitude and mutually related. In worsening HF, TEB could help avoid right heart catheterization, since it may estimate PCWP better than BNP or echocardiography. Moreover, TFC could be used for noninvasive assessment of drugs' effect.     

Association of low plasma adiponectin with early diastolic dysfunction

Diastolic dysfunction (DD) with preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) has been linked to obesity. Adiponectin is a cytokine related to obesity and obesity-linked cardiovascular complications. The authors aimed to determine the independent association of DD with adiponectin. Fifty patients with impaired relaxation DD and a normal EF and age-matched normal controls were recruited. Plasma levels of total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin were measured. Mid and low molecular weight (MMW+LMW) fractions of adiponectin were calculated by subtracting HMW fraction from total adiponectin. The DD group had significantly lower total (median, 4.4 vs 12.7 μg/mL; P=.001), HMW fraction (median, 1.3 vs 3.4 μg/mL; P=.02), and MMW+LMW fraction of adiponectin (median, 3.8 vs 7.2 μg/mL; P=.01). Body mass index (BMI) negatively correlated with total (r:-0.46, P=.003), HMW (r:-0.32, P=.038), and MMW+LMW (r:-0.40, P=.006) fractions of adiponectin. DD had an independent association with both BMI (P<.05) and total adiponectin (P<.001) in linear regression model using sex, BMI, blood pressure, and total adiponectin as covariates. DD was associated with BMI (P=.02), HMW fraction (P=.03), and MMW+LMW fraction (P=.004) in similar linear regression analyses. Adiponectin deficiency may be one explanation for the adiposity-related cardiac oxidation known to be involved in the pathogenesis of DD.     

HVAD Flow Waveform Estimates Left Ventricular Filling Pressure

BackgroundHVAD left ventricular assist device flow waveforms provides graphical real-time information linking device performance with invasive hemodynamics. Previous studies have demonstrated a good correlation between the slopes of the ventricular filling phase slope (VFPS) and directly measured pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP). We aimed to validate the utility of VFPS to estimate PCWP and predict clinical outcomes.MethodsIn this prospective blinded study, screenshots from the HVAD monitor and simultaneous invasive hemodynamic measurements were obtained. Each screenshot was digitized and the VFPS was calculated by 2 independent reviewers who were blinded to the hemodynamic results. The equation PCWP = 7.053 +1.365 × (VFPS) was derived from a previously published dataset and the estimated PCWP was correlated to the actually measured PCWP.ResultsOne hundred thirty-one sets of simultaneous measurements (VFPS and PCWP) were obtained from 27 HVAD patients (mean age 55 years, 47% male). A previously proposed cutoff of VFPS ≥5.8 L/min/s predicted PCWP ≥ 18 mmHg with 91.5% sensitivity and 95.2% specificity with the area under curve of 0.987. The estimated PCWP significantly correlated with measured PCWP (R² = 0.65, P < .001) and showed acceptable agreement with measured PCWP. Patients with VFPS ≥ 5.8 L/min/s experienced significantly higher heart failure readmission rates than those without (0.24 vs 0.05 events/y, P < .001).ConclusionsVFPS of the HVAD flow waveform is a novel noninvasive parameter that can estimate PCWP.     

心力衰竭患者血总胆红素与有创血液动力学及B型利钠肽相关研究

目的 评价心力衰竭(心衰)患者血胆红素与有创血液动力学监测指标、血浆N末端B型利钠肽原(NT-proBNP)和C反应蛋白(CRP)的相关性.方法 对130例心衰患者在入院12 h内行漂浮导管监测和血总胆红素、血浆NT-proBNP和CRP等检测.结果 肺毛细血管楔压[PCWP,(26.09比16.00)mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133 kPa)]、NT-proBNP[(3.36比2.91)pmol/L]和左室射血分数[(34.12比28.92)%]在高总胆红素血症组均较正常血总胆红素组显著增高(P值均<0.05).血总胆红素水平在高水平PCWP、右房压和NT-proBNP组较低水平组显著增高[(32.22比24.17)、(37.52比24.19)、(32.14比16.74)pmol/L,P值均<0.05].血总胆红素分别与NT-proBNP和右房压独立相关(β=0.39;β=0.29,P值均<0.01).结论 心衰患者血总胆红素水平与右房压、PCWP和血浆NT-proBNP密切相关,是有助于心衰患者准确临床评价的重要生化指标.     

Echocardiographic predictors of change in left ventricular diastolic pressure in heart failure patients receiving nesiritide

Background: To evaluate the usefulness of currently accepted echocardiographic parameters of diastolic function to assess the acute change in left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure (LVEDP) following the administration of nesiritide in a heart failure population. Methods: In 25 heart failure patients (15 with systolic dysfunction, 10 with preserved ejection fraction [EF]), Doppler echocardiography, right and left heart catheterization, and invasive biventricular pressure hemodynamics were obtained at baseline and 30 minutes after nesiritide infusion. Results: Twenty‐four patients had sufficient echocardiographic images for analysis. The mean age was 60 ± 11 years, 48% were male, 56% had coronary artery disease, and 64% had hypertension. Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) had the highest correlation with LV filling pressure: pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), pre‐A wave LV, and LVEDP (r = 0.66, P = 0.0009; r = 0.63, P = 0.002; r = 0.72, P = 0.0002, respectively). Following nesiritide administration, the mean PCWP decreased from 17.1 ± 7.8 mmHg at baseline to 9.6 ± 6.2 mmHg (P < 0.001). Change in RVSP had the highest correlation with change in PCWP (r =?0.67, P = 0.10) and change in LVEDP (r =?0.71, P = 0.07). Conclusion: Echocardiographic parameters are frequently assessed in attempts to estimate left heart diastolic pressures. In heart failure patients, RVSP appears to be the best predictor of LVEDP, outperforming tissue Doppler E/E′. RVSP was found to be the best echocardiographic predictor of change in LV filling pressure with intravenous vasodilator therapy in heart failure patients. RVSP may provide a noninvasive means of assessing response to cardiac therapy.     

重组人脑钠尿肽治疗急性失代偿心力衰竭中不同水钠潴留程度患者的疗效

目的: 比较静脉注射重组人脑钠尿肽(recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide,rhBNP)对伴有不同水钠潴留程度的急性失代偿心力衰竭（ADHF）患者的血流动力学作用及临床疗效。方法: 我院40例ADHF住院患者按水钠潴留程度分为试验组（中重度者,20例）和对照组（轻度者,20例）,各组再随机抽取10例应用Swan-Ganz导管进行血流动力学监测,记录给药前及给药后0.5、1、3、6及24 h肺毛细血管楔压(PCWP)、肺动脉压(PAP)和右房压(RAP)并通过热敏稀释法测定心排出量（CO）,计算心脏指数(CI)。所有患者均给抗心力衰竭治疗并给予rhBNP,首先以2 μg/kg静脉冲击,随后以0.01 μg/(kg·min)连续静脉滴注24 h,记录两组患者给药前及给药后0.5、1、3、6及24 h的呼吸困难及整体临床状况改善程度,以及用药后24 h液体出入量。结果: 与对照组比较,试验组患者呼吸困难及整体临床状况改善更明显,并伴随更佳的利尿作用［（2.7±0.8） L vs. （1.7±0.4） L,P=0.01］。试验组PCWP及RAP下降较迅速、明显且稳定持久,两组间PAP比较无统计学差异。两组CI比较组内及组间均无明显统计学差异。结论: 伴有中重度水钠潴留的ADHF患者较伴有轻度水钠潴留的患者应用rhBNP治疗有更好的急性血流动力学效应和临床效果,可能是rhBNP临床使用的最佳人群。     

Effect of Selective Inflow Occlusion on Hemodynamic Conditions during Laparoscopic Left HemihepatectomyEffect of Selective Inflow Occlusion on Hemodynamic Conditions during Laparoscopic Left Hemihepatectomy

Background/Aims: Selective inflow occlusion instead of portal triad clamping was used during laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy in our institution. This study observed its hemodynamic effects during operation. Methodology: Hemodynamic parameters including heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were collected at 6 time points: after induction, after insufflation with CO2, after patient in reverse Trendelenburg position, after left branch of hepatic artery was occluded, after left branch of portal vein was occluded and after desufflation with patient supine. Results: No severe perioperative cardiopulmonary complications were observed. Occlusion of left branch of hepatic artery brought no significant hemodynamic change. Occlusion of left branch of portal vein increased CVP and CI and decreased SVR. CO2 inflation caused HR, MAP and SVR to increase. The change to reverse Trendelenburg position caused CVP and PAP to decrease. When placed in the supine position with deflation, MAP, CVP, PAP, PCWP and CI went to a higher than base level. HR and SVR returned to base level. Conclusions: Using selective inflow occlusion in laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy caused few hemodynamic changes before and after occlusion in patients without cardiopulmonary diseases. However, the change of position and inflation or deflation caused significant changes.     

Subtle Systolic Dysfunction May Be Associated with the Tendency to Develop Diastolic Heart Failure in Patients with Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction

Background: We looked for an answer to the question of whether diastolic heart failure (DHF) is a reality or all heart failures are systolic. Method: 300 cases (hypertensive, aged, obese, etc.), not being diagnosed DHF, with preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) but having the tendency to develop DHF in future were examined. One hundred and eighty cases without exclusion criteria were selected. Cases were assigned to three groups according to noninvasively obtained pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP). Results: In cases with higher PCWP (>10 mmHg), transmitral A velocity was increased (P < 0.001) and among the pulsed wave tissue Doppler imaging (pw-TDI) parameters Ea velocity was decreased (P < 0.001) and Ea-dt was prolonged (P < 0.005). In cases with lower PCWP (<8 mmHg), transmitral E velocity was higher (P< 0.001). Furthermore, a more meaningful relationship was found between PCWP and systolic pw-TDI parameters. In all the groups, it was observed that Sa velocity was progressively decreased and Q-Sa interval was progressively prolonged as PCWP increased (for all the groups P < 0.046). Conclusion: The question whether DHF is a reality or all heart failures are systolic may be answered as follows. Subtle systolic dysfunction may be associated with the tendency to develop DHF in patients with preserved LV ejection fraction. As in systolic heart failure (EF < 45%), in patients with preserved systolic function (EF ≥ 45%), systolic and diastolic functions may impair together. The pw-TDI method may be more sensitive than standard echocardiography parameters in detection of systolic dysfunction in cases with preserved EF.     

扩张型心肌病患者血清尿酸浓度的动态变化

目的探讨扩张型心肌病(DCM)心力衰竭(心衰)患者血清尿酸浓度的变化规律及其临床意义。方法比较DCM(46例)不同心功能状态下尿酸浓度;比较22例DCM心衰控制前后的尿酸浓度;比较DCM中左室内径≥65mm(26例)和＜65mm(16例)患者的尿酸浓度;比较DCM入院时未用利尿剂及正在服用利尿剂患者的尿酸浓度;比较DCM中血尿素氮＞7.5(18例)和≤7.5mmol/L(28例)患者的尿酸浓度。结果DCM心功能Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级的尿酸分别为(303±34)、(403±95)和(595±190)mmol/L;心衰控制前后尿酸浓度为〔(609±218)和(414±147)mmol/L(P＜0.01)〕;左室内径≥65mm者尿酸明显高于＜65mm者;入院时服与未服利尿剂者尿酸无明显差异(P＞0.05);血尿素氮＞7.5与≤7.5mmol/L者尿酸浓度无明显差别(P＞0.05)。结论DCM心衰患者尿酸浓度增高,独立于服用利尿剂及肾功能不全,且随着心衰加重而明显增高,是反映心衰患者病情严重程度的一个指标。     

Hyperuricemia as a prognostic factor in pulmonary arterial hypertension

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a malignant disease with a median survival of 3 years. Uric acid levels are elevated in severe heart failure and in states of hypoxemia. Early data suggest a correlation between hyperuricemia and severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. We studied 29 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension diagnosed and treated between 1998 and 2001. Clinical characteristics (6 min walk test and New York Heart Association class) and hemodynamic parameters (pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance and cardiac output) were evaluated and correlated to uric acid level in a retrospective study. Uric acid levels correlated positively with New York Heart Association class (r=0.66, P<0.001) and negatively with 6 min walk test (r=-0.35, P=0.03). Uric acid levels were higher in patients who died than in patients who survived at the end ofthe follow-up period (8.8 vs. 5.7 mg/dl, P=0.001). This study shows that uric acid levels are elevated in severe pulmonary arterial hypertension and can be used as a prognostic marker of disease severity.     

Regional abdominal fat distribution in lean and obese Thai type 2 diabetic women: relationships with insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular risk factors

To determine the relationships of body fat distribution and insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular risk factors in lean and obese Thai type 2 diabetic women, 9 lean and 11 obese subjects, with respective mean age 41.7 +/- 6.3 (SD) and 48.0 +/- 8.5 years, and mean body mass index (BMI) 23.5 +/- 1.8 and 30.3 +/- 3.7 kg/m2, were studied. The amount of total body fat (TBF) and total abdominal fat (AF) were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometer, whereas subcutaneous (SAF) and visceral abdominal fat areas (VAF) were measured by computerized tomography (CT) of the abdomen at the L4-L5 level. Insulin sensitivity was determined by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. Cardiovascular risk factors, which included fasting and post-glucose challenged plasma glucose and insulin, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), lipid profile, fibrinogen, and uric acid, were also determined. VAF was inversely correlated with insulin sensitivity as determined by glucose infusion rate (GIR) during the clamp, in both lean (r=-0.8821; P=.009) and obese subjects (r=-0.582; P=.078) independent of percent TBF. SAF and TBF were not correlated with GIR. With regards to cardiovascular risk factors, VAF was correlated with SBP (r=0.5279; P=.024) and DBP (r=0.6492; P=.004), fasting insulin (r=0.7256; P=.001) and uric acid (r=0.4963; P=.036) after adjustment for percent TBF. In contrast, TBF was correlated with fasting insulin (r=0.517; P=.023), area under the curve (AUC) of insulin (r=0.625; P=.004), triglyceride (TG) (r=0.668; P=.002), and uric acid (r=0.49; P=.033). GIR was not correlated with any of cardiovascular risk factors independent of VAF. In conclusion, VAF was a strong determinant of insulin sensitivity and several cardiovascular risk factors in both lean and obese Thai type 2 diabetic women.     

Right Ventricular Dysfunction Is Common and Identifies Patients at Risk of Dying in Cardiogenic Shock

BackgroundUnderstanding the prognostic impact of right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) in cardiogenic shock (CS) is a key step toward rational diagnostic and treatment algorithms and improved outcomes. Using a large multicenter registry, we assessed (1) the association between hemodynamic markers of RVD and in-hospital mortality, (2) the predictive value of invasive hemodynamic assessment incorporating RV evaluation, and (3) the impact of RVD severity on survival in CS.Methods and ResultsInpatients with CS owing to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or heart failure (HF) between 2016 and 2019 were included. RV parameters (right atrial pressure, right atrial/pulmonary capillary wedge pressure [RA/PCWP], pulmonary artery pulsatility index [PAPI], and right ventricular stroke work index [RVSWI]) were assessed between survivors and nonsurvivors, and between etiology and SCAI stage subcohorts. Multivariable logistic regression analysis determined hemodynamic predictors of in-hospital mortality; the resulting models were compared with SCAI staging alone. Nonsurvivors had a significantly higher right atrial pressure and RA/PCWP and lower PAPI and RVSWI than survivors, consistent with more severe RVD. Compared with AMI, patients with HF had a significantly lower RA/PCWP (0.58 vs 0.66, P = .001) and a higher PAPI (2.71 vs 1.78, P < .001) and RVSWI (5.70 g-m/m² vs 4.66 g-m/m², P < .001), reflecting relatively preserved RV function. Paradoxically, multiple RVD parameters (PAPI, RVSWI) were associated with mortality in the HF but not the AMI cohort. RVD was more severe with advanced SCAI stage, although its prognostic value was progressively diluted in stages D and E. Multivariable modelling incorporating the RA/PCWP improved the predictive value of SCAI staging (area under the curve [AUC] 0.78 vs 0.73, P < .001), largely driven by patients with HF (AUC 0.82 vs 0.71, P < .001).ConclusionsRVD is associated with poor outcomes in CS, with key differences across etiology and shock severity. Further studies are needed to assess the usefulness of RVD assessment in guiding therapy.