New lanostanoids from the mushroom Ganoderma lucidum.

From a lipophilic extract of the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum, three new lanostanoids, 8beta,9alpha-dihydroganoderic acid J (1), methyl 8beta,9alpha-dihydroganoderate J (2), and 20-hydroxylganoderic acid G (3), along with 12 known lanostanoids and two ergostane sterols were isolated. The structures of 1-3 were determined by interpretation of their spectroscopic data.     

New lanostanoids from the fungus Ganoderma concinna

Three new compounds, 5 alpha-lanosta-7,9(11),24-triene-3beta-hydroxy-26-al (1), 5 alpha-lanosta-7,9(11),24-triene-15 alpha-26-dihydroxy-3-one (2), and 8 alpha,9 alpha-epoxy-4,4,14 alpha-trimethyl-3,7,11,15,20-pentaoxo-5 alpha-pregnane (3), were isolated from Ganoderma concinna along with 12 known compounds. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were determined on the basis of MS and NMR studies. The structure of 3 was determined by MS, NMR, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 induce apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells, as indicated by examining the morphological features of cells and detection of DNA fragmentation by gel electrophoresis.     

New lanostanoids of Ganoderma tsugae

Three new compounds, (24R, S)-3alpha-acetoxy-24-hydroxy-5alpha-lanosta-8,25-di en-21-oic acid, named tsugaric acid C (1); 3alpha-acetoxy-5alpha-lanosta-8, 24-diene-21-O-beta-D-xyloside, named tsugarioside B (2); and 3alpha-acetoxy-(Z)-24-methyl-5alpha-lanosta-8,23,25-tr ien-21-oic acid ester beta-D-xyloside, named tsugarioside C (3), and a mixture of two known steroids were isolated from the fruit bodies of Ganoderma tsugae. The structures of 1-3 were determined by spectral and chemical methods. The cytotoxic activity of the lanostanoid constituents of this fungus was evaluated against several different cancer cell lines.     

固体灵芝精的制备及质量控制

 目的对固体灵芝精的制备及质量控制标准进行研究。方法固体灵芝精是由泰山赤灵经水提取、真空雾化干燥而制成;用可见 紫外分光光度法测定多糖,高速氨基酸自动分析仪测定各种游离氨基酸,高频等离子体发射光谱仪测定无机元素。结果：固体灵芝精所含的有效成分与泰山赤灵芝相同,且按相同重量计含量高得多,其总糖含量泰山赤灵芝为0.0018%,而固体灵芝精为20.5%,微量无素的含量比泰山赤灵芝高100～1000倍。结论提取工艺设计合理,制剂稳定,质量控制方法准确可靠。     

赤芝子实体化学成分的研究

目的研究赤芝子实体的化学成分。方法应用多种色谱方法进行分离和纯化,并用NMR和MS等波谱方法解析其化学结构。结果从赤芝子实体的醋酸乙酯提取物中分离得到7个化合物,分别被鉴定为麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇十五酸酯(ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-yl pentadecanoate,)、麦角甾醇棕榈酸酯(ergosteryl palmitate,)、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇(ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol,)、麦角甾醇(ergosterol,)、灵芝酸C2(ganoderic acid C2,)、ganodermanontriol()及邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯[1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(1-methylpropyl)ester,]。结论化合物为新化合物,化合物为从本植物中首次分离得到。     

Central actions of Ganoderma lucidum

An aqueous extract of the dried fruit bodies of Ganoderma lucidum exhibited central depressant actions as shown by the inhibition of spontaneous motor activity, analgesic activity and delay in the time to death induced by either strychnine or caffeine. The extract also elicited some muscle relaxant effects.     

Anti-androgenic activities of Ganoderma lucidum

The inhibitory effects of methanol extracts of 19 edible and medicinal mushrooms on 5alpha-reductase activity were examined. The extract of Ganoderma lucidum Fr. Krast (Ganodermataceae) showed the strongest 5alpha-reductase inhibitory activity. The treatment of the fruit body of Ganoderma lucidum or the extract prepared from it significantly inhibited the testosterone-induced growth of the ventral prostate in castrated rats. These results showed that Ganoderma lucidum might be a useful ingredient for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).     

赤芝子实体的化学成分研究

目的 研究赤芝子实体的化学成分.方法 应用多种色谱方法进行分离和纯化,通过1H,13C-NMR 和MS 等波谱技术确定化合物的结构.结果 从赤芝子实体中分离得到8个化合物,分别被鉴定为:灵芝醇B(ganoderiol B,1)、灵芝酸A (ganoderic acid A,2)、赤芝酸A(lucidenic acid A,3)、灵芝萜酮二醇(ganodermanondiol,4)、 3,7,11,15,23-5O-5α-羊毛甾-8-烯-26烷酸(3,7,11,15,23-pentaoxo-5α-lanosta-8-en-26- oic acid,5)、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇十五烷酸酯(ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol- pentadecanoate,6)、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇(ergost a-7,22-dien-3β-ol,7)及正二十六烷酸(n-hexacosanoic acid,8).结论 其中化合物8为从该植物中首次分离得到.     

灵芝三萜类化学成分研究

目的研究灵芝三萜类化学成分。方法采取硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、制备HPLC等多种色谱方法,依据波谱数据对结构进行分析和鉴定。结果灵芝(Ganoderma lucidum)子实体中共分离了25个化合物,分别为灵芝酸A(1)、灵芝酸AM1(2)、灵芝酸C2(3)、灵芝酸D(4)、灵芝酸DM(5)、灵芝酸F(6)、灵芝酸H(7)、灵芝酸I(8)、灵芝酸K(9)、灵芝酸M(10)、灵芝酸N(11)、灵芝酸S(12)、灵芝酸TN(13)、灵芝酸TQ(14)、灵芝酸TR(15)、灵芝酸Y(16)、灵芝烯酸C(17)、灵芝烯酸D(18)、灵芝醇A(19)、灵芝醇B(20)、灵芝醇F(21)、Lucialdehyde A(22)、Deacetyl ganoderic acid F(23)、Ganodermanontriol(24)、Ganodermanondiol(25)。结论本研究进一步拓展了对灵芝三萜类化学成分的研究,为灵芝资源合理开发利用提供了科学依据。     

Cytotoxicity of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes

Two new triterpenoids, lucidenic acid N (1) and methyl lucidenate F (2), together with four known compounds, lucidenic acid A, lucidenolactone, lucidenic acid C, and ganoderic acid E, were isolated from the dried fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum. Their structures were elucidated by spectral and chemical transformation studies. Among them, lucidenic acid N (1), lucidenic acid A, and ganoderic acid E showed significant cytotoxic activity against Hep G2, Hep G2,2,15, and P-388 tumor cells.     

灵芝提取物质量的研究

目的：对灵芝提取物质量进行了研究.方法：采用薄层色谱法,对灵芝提取物中灵芝有效成分进行了薄层定性鉴别;采用了紫外可见分光光度法对其中的灵芝多糖进行了含量测定.灵芝多糖在波长为625nm处有最大吸收.结果：灵芝多糖在0.0025～0.0125 mg/ul间线性关系良好,r=0.9963,平均回收率为99.80﹪,RSD为2.13﹪.在TLC图谱中可检出灵芝的特征斑点.结论：本法操作简便、准确、重现性好,能够控制灵芝提取物质量.     

赤芝菌体中三萜抑菌作用研究

目的检测赤芝发酵菌体中三萜对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌以及黑曲霉和青霉的体外抑菌活性。方法管碟法。结果赤芝菌体三萜化合物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的生长均具有显著抑制作用;对枯草芽孢杆菌、青霉和黑曲霉抑制作用较弱;该三萜样品对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、黑曲霉和青霉的最小抑菌浓度分别为25,25,50,100和50 mg/ml。结论赤芝发酵菌体中三萜对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和青霉有明显的抑制作用。     

不同菌材培养的灵芝氨基酸含量测定

五种不同菌材培养的灵芝氨基酸含量测定结果表明:以乌桕为菌材培养的灵芝子实体中总氨基酸含量最高,其含量由高到低顺序为乌桕>木麻黄>板栗>黧蒴>红锥,且均高于对照药材。     

Radical scavenger and antihepatotoxic activity of Ganoderma formosanum,Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma neo-japonicum

The free radical scavenging and antihepatotoxic activity from Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma formosanum and Ganoderma neo-japonicum were studied. Treatment with the water extract of Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma formosanum and Ganoderma neo-japonicum caused a marked decrease in the CCl₄-induced toxicity in rat liver, made evident by their effect on the levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in the serum. The scavenging potency of the water extracts of the crude drugs was evaluated in terms of their ability to reduce the peaks of spin adducts using electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-trapping techniques. The results indicated that Ganoderma formosanum showed the greatest antihepatotoxic activity and the greatest free radical scavenging activity.     

Antihepatoma Activity of the Acid and Neutral Components from Ganoderma lucidum

Ganoderma lucidum extracts or isolated components have been shown previously to acquire many potential biochemical and pharmacological activities, including cancer preventive or antitumor effects. The supercritical fluid extracts of Ganoderma lucidum (total component, TC) and its acid component (AC) and neutral component (NC), were evaluated in vitro and in vivo for their antihepatoma activities. The NC showed a conspicuous inhibitory effect on tumor growth of Heps‐bearing mice, whereas AC was less effective. The TC, NC and AC all inhibited the proliferation of BEL‐7402 cells through apoptosis pathway and cell cycle arrest. Additionally, the NC and TC induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, but the AC resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of cells at G1 phase by flow cytometry. It is suggested that NC is an indispensable effective component in terms of antihepatoma activity and its constituents need to be investigated in detail. It was found that the NC, which was detected by GC‐MS, contained fatty acids and steroids; hence, it is proposed that some compounds such as long‐chain fatty acids and steroids in the NC might also contribute to the antihepatoma activity, although the anticancer activities of G. lucidum traditionally have been considered to be associated with triterpenoids. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Antiherpetic activities of various protein bound polysaccharides isolated from Ganoderma lucidum

To investigate antiherpetic substances from Ganoderma lucidum, various protein bound polysaccharides, GLhw, GLhw-01, GLhw-02, GLhw-03, were isolated by activity-guided isolation from water soluble substances of the carpophores. These substances were examined for their antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) by plaque reduction assay in vitro. Among them, the acidic protein bound polysaccharide, GLhw-02 of a brownish substance, exhibited the most potent antherpetic activity with 50% effective concentrations (EC50) of 300 approximately 520 microg/ml in Vero and HEp-2 cells, and its selectivity indices (SI) were more than 20. GLhw-02 was identified to consist mainly of polysaccharide (approximately 40.6%) and protein (approximately 7.80%) by anthrone test and Lowry-Folin test, and showed the usual molar ratio (C:H:O = 1:2:1) of carbohydrates by elemental analysis. These results suggest that GLhw-02 possesses the possibility of being developed from a new antiherpetic agent.     

灵芝孢子粉水溶性多糖SGL-Ⅲ的结构研究

 目的对从灵芝孢子粉中提取出来的纯多糖SGL-Ⅲ进行结构分析。方法多糖SGL-Ⅲ经比旋光、高效液相色谱法、苯酚-硫酸法确定物理性状后,再经部分酸水解、高碘酸氧化、Smith降解、甲基化分析及IR,GC,GC-MS和¹³C-NMR等方法确定其结构。结果SGL-Ⅲ相对分子质量为1.41×10⁴,由葡萄糖(Glc)和半乳糖(Gal)组成,摩尔比为4.46∶1,为少分支结构,其基本结构中主链由(1→3)Glc和(1→6)Gal构成,分支点分别在6-O,2-O及4-O处,(1→4)Gal或(1→6)Glc位于侧链,分支末端残基为Glc。结论多糖SGL-Ⅲ具有天然活性多糖的特征,可以对其进行药理活性的研究开发。     

基于UPLC-Q-TOF-MS技术的霍山野生及栽培赤芝的代谢组学分析

目的:通过对霍山野生赤芝(HW)、仿野生赤芝(HI)和栽培赤芝(HC)的差异性研究,为进一步评价野生、仿野生和栽培的赤芝质量提供参考。方法:采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间质谱法(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)对HW、HI和HC进行代谢物测定,采用主成分分析(PCA)和正交偏最小二乘-法判别分析(OPLS-DA)等多变量统计分析方法进行HW和HC代谢组学分析,并对差异代谢物定性鉴定。结果:PCA结果显示,HW和HI、HC在t[2]主成分方向区分明显,差异大;HI与HC差异较小。OPLS-DA结果表明,HW中灵芝酸C2、灵芝酸D、灵芝酸A含量显著高于HC;而HC中赤芝酸A、赤芝酸E2和赤芝酸D 3种成分含量显著高于HW。结论:通过对霍山野生赤芝和霍山栽培赤芝的差异性分析,并对差异性化合物进行了定性研究,从而为野生和栽培的赤芝的品质鉴别提供参考。