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1.
Expression of Fos-like immunoreactivity in the brain and spinal cord of rats following middle cerebral artery occlusion 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Yun-Ping Wu Choon-Kim Tan E.-A. Ling 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1997,115(1):129-136
This study examined c-fos protein expression in the brain and spinal cord of rats following permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA)
above the rhinal fissure. At 1 h after right-sided MCA occlusion, Fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos-LI) was detected in neurons
not only in the ipsilateral cerebral cortex but also in the spinal cord. In the latter, Fos-LI was localized in the nucleus
and perikarya of neurons in the grey matter, notably the large motor neurons in the ventral horn. Fos-LI was most intense
at 2–4 h, but became undetectable after 48 h in the cerebral cortex and 72 h in the spinal cord. In sham-operated animals,
Fos-LI was almost undetectable or virtually absent. It was also not detected in the core territory supplied by the MCA at
any time points after arterial occlusion. When the ischaemia-induced neuronal damage in both the cerebral cortex and spinal
cord was evaluated by Nissl staining, some neurons appeared atrophic. We conclude that the induction of Fos-LI in neurons
of the cerebral cortex and spinal cord is linked respectively to early onset–short stimulation and persistent excitatory or
disinhibition phenomenon as a result of focal ischaemic brain injury.
Received: 16 September 1996 / Accepted: 29 November 1996 相似文献
2.
The study was performed to investigate the effects of bradykinin preconditioning on spinal cord ischemic injury using an in vivo transient spinal cord ischemia model in rats. Prior to ischemia, bradykinin was infused continuously via the left femoral artery starting 15min before ischemia. Neurological functions were evaluated for 7 days postoperatively using modified Tarlov's scores. Tarlov's score outcomes showed a marked improvement in the bradykinin group compared to the ischemia group. The blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) permeability was also decreased by bradykinin preconditioning after 72 h reperfusion focal spinal cord in rats, which was greatly reversed by B9430 (bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist). Immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis of spinal cords revealed a significant increase in basic fibroblast growth factor protein (bFGF) levels. The study demonstrated that bradykinin preconditioning induces protection against spinal cord ischemic injury, and this protection is likely due to the protection of the vasculature of the spinal cord and the promotion of neuronal survival. 相似文献
3.
S. B. Seredenin G. A. Romanova F. M. Shakova 《Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine》2008,145(2):207-209
We studied the neuroprotective effect of a new selective anxiolytic afobazole on rats with bilateral focal ischemic stroke
in the prefrontal cortex caused by photothrombosis. Intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg afobazole 1 h after surgery and over
the next 8 days (daily treatment) produced a neuroprotective effect. Afobazole was far superior to the reference cerebroprotective
drug cavinton (4 mg/kg) by neuroprotective activity.
__________
Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 145, No. 2, pp. 167–169, February, 2008 相似文献
4.
Modulation of somatocardiac sympathetic reflexes mediated by opioid receptors at the spinal and brainstem level 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Akio Sato Yuko Sato Robert F. Schmidt 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1995,106(1):1-6
This study investigated astroglial responses after focal cerebral ischemia in the rat cortex induced by photothrombosis. Astrocyte activation was studied at various time points by immunocytochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin (VIM). We found a dual astrocytic response to focal ischemia: In the border zone of the infarct, GFAP-positive astrocytes were present within 2 days and persisted for 10 weeks. These astrocytes additionally expressed VIM. Remote from the ischemic lesion, cortical astrocytes of the entire ipsilateral hemisphere transiently expressed GFAP, but not VIM, beginning on day 3 after photothrombosis. This response had disappeared on day 14. By recording DC potentials, five to seven spreading depressions (SD) could be detected on the cortical surface during the first 2 h after photothrombosis. Treatment with MK801, a non-competitive NMDA-receptor antagonist, completely abolished SD and remote ipsilateral astrocytic activation, while the reaction in the border zone of the infarct remained unchanged. Functionally, persistent astrocytosis around the infarct might be induced by leukocyte-derived cytokines, while NMDA-receptor-mediated SD might cause remote responses. 相似文献
5.
S. N. Ivanova 《Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine》1963,56(5):1231-1234
Summary The effects of electric stimulation of the motor points of the cortex were studied in dogs following laroral hemisection of
the spinal cord at the level of 2nd–3rd cervical segments. Chronic experiments were staged on 6 adult dogs without anesthesia.
Superficial silver electrodes were implanted into trephined openings in the cranium over the motor area of the cortical representation
of the fore limbs; this was done for stimulation of the motor points of the cortex. Stimulation of the cortex was first carried
out prior to hemisection of the spinal cord, then 1–5 months later. For the first time it was shown that after the spinal
cord hemisection it was possible to provoke movement in the affected extremity by stimulation of the corresponding motor points
in the cerebral cortex. Such movement may be induced about 3–4 weeks after spinal cord hemisection, i.e., 2 to 3 days before
the extremity begins actively to participate in standing and walking.
(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR N. I. Grashchenkov) Translated from Byulleten éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny,
Vol. 56, No. 11, pp. 64–67, November, 1963 相似文献
6.
Eremeev AM Tumakaev RF Yafarova GG Ibragimov YKh Pleshchinskii IN 《Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine》2006,141(2):181-183
The effect of endolumbar dimephosphon perfusion in dogs with spinal cord contusion was studied by means of transcranial magnetic
stimulation and stimulation electromyography. Treatment with dimephosphon contributed to preservation of conduction function
of the spinal cord and decrease in excitability of spinal motoneurons in the perifocal zone.
__________
Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 141, No. 2, pp. 140–143, February, 2006 相似文献
7.
Fanardzhyan VV Manvelyan LR Zakaryan VL Nasoyan AM 《Neuroscience and behavioral physiology》2000,30(2):131-137
Experiments on perfused frog brains were used to record focal and intracellular potentials of neurons in the vestibular nuclear
complex produced in response to stimulation of the anterior branch of the ispilateral vestibular nerve and the spinal cord.
Stimulation of the vestibular nerve evoked mono- and polysynaptic EPSP with orthodromic action potentials. These were accompanied
by recordings of antidromic activation (with a mean latent period of 0.75 sec) of neurons which send their axons into the
labyrinth. Antidromic action potentials from vestibular neurons arose with latent periods of the order of 1.43 msec in response
to stimulation of the cervical thicknening and 2.19 msec in response to stimulation of the lumbar thickening of the spinal
cord. Bursts from the spinal cord often evoked EPSP with orthodromic action potentials in vestibular neurons. The characteristics
of the functional correlation between the vestibular input and the vestibulospinal system are discussed.
Translated from Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 84, No. 10, pp. 1085–1092, October, 1998. 相似文献
8.
The functional consequences of spreading depression (SD) during the evolution of ischemic damage was studied in two models:
focal cortical ischemia induced by photothrombosis of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and systemic hypoxia induced by 0.8%
carbon monoxide (CO). These studies showed that cortical waves of SD, arising spontaneously during MCA thrombosis and after
arterial occlusion delayed thrombus formation and promoted the establishment of a collateral blood supply in the perifocal
zone of ischemic lesions. The underlying mechanism consisted of episodes of intense vasodilation at the decay phase of every
wave of SD. Respiration of 0.8% CO increased the blood carboxyhemoglobin level to 50–60%. In lightly anesthetized rats (pentobarbital
20 mg/kg), cortical and subcortical spontaneous waves of SD were transformed into stable hypoxic depolarization, leading to
death of 60% of the animals of severe lesions of the central nervous system, in 20% of animals. Increases in the level of
anesthesia (50 mg/kg anesthetic) prevented the spontaneous appearance of SD during long-lasting exposure to CO. In these conditions,
experimentally induced waves of SD demonstrated that the hippocampus has a high sensitivity to moderate levels of hypoxia.
The duration of hypoxic depolarization of the hippocampus, provoking a single SD wave, reached 30–60 min. Selective neuron
damage in field CA1 was seen 30 days after hypoxia. Additionally, the left hippocampus of rats frequently showed profound
morphological lesions in the form of “granules.” Cerebrolysine (2.5 ml/kg daily for 10 days) completely prevented the formation
of these lesions.
Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 48, No. 4, pp. 640–653, July–August, 1998. 相似文献
9.
Sotnikov OS 《Neuroscience and behavioral physiology》2006,36(5):541-548
Published data and our own results relating to exteroceptor and a variety of interceptor neurons in the brain and spinal cord,
such as intraspinal Hesse ocelli and light-sensitive epiphyseal and ependymal neurons, are presented. Light-sensitive ganglion
neurons in invertebrates are also described, along with intrinsic spinal cord bipolar sensory neurons within the spinal cord,
primary chemo-and thermosensitive neurons, and sensory unipolar neurons associated with the three fine “central nerves” of
Motavkin, which perforate the sheath of the spinal cord and ending with bush-like receptors close to vessels or near the ependyma
of the central canal. Data on all known intracortical interoceptors in vertebrates are generalized into a single scheme. It
is hypothesized that the brains of animals and humans have an intrinsic sensory innervation comparable with the innervation
of other organs and containing local primary sensory neurons and their asynaptic dendrites, which can be divided into two
groups: interceptor and exteroceptor.
__________
Translated from Morfologiya, Vol. 127, No. 3, pp. 75–81, May–June, 2005. 相似文献
10.
Watanabe S Kitamura T Watanabe L Sato H Yamada J 《Anatomical science international / Japanese Association of Anatomists》2003,78(1):42-52
The aim of this study is to clarify the fiber distribution of the nucleus reticularis magnocellularis (NRMC) and adjacent
areas in the rat spinal cord. Biotinylated dextran amine was injected iontophoretically through a glass capillary into the
areas, in which a single cell responded to noxious electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve and to a pinch of the thigh
skin with multiple spikes. Labeled fibers descended bilaterally through the ventral funiculi of the medulla oblongata and
then through the ventral and lateral funiculi of the cervical cord with an ipsilateral predominance, and terminated in the
spinal gray (laminae I–2X). A single fiber sometimes ran through several laminae while bifurcating many short branches with
axon varicosities and terminal buttons in one transverse section, that is, through laminae V, VII and X, through laminae V,
III–IV and I-II, and through laminae VII to I–II. The present study showed that the wide distribution of a single fiber and
a mass of fibers descending from the NRMC and adjacent areas might modulate not only somatic sensory and motor functions but
also autonomic functions in the spinal cord. 相似文献
11.
Gilerovich EG Moshonkina TR Fedorova EA Shishko TT Pavlova NV Gerasimenko YP Otellin VA 《Neuroscience and behavioral physiology》2008,38(8):855-860
The topography of the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord in rats was studied; an immunohistochemical method was used to
determine the distribution of synaptophysin — a membrane protein of synaptic vesicles. Synaptophysin-immunoreactive structures
were detected in the gray matter of all Rexed laminae, around most neurons and in the neuropil. Previously undescribed subpial
synaptic contacts were detected immunohistochemically in the white matter and confirmed by electron microscopy. A non-myelinated
component of the corticospinal tract, including axonal varicosities and synaptic contacts, was observed in the dorsal part
of the white matter of the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord.
__________
Translated from Morfologiya, Vol. 132, No. 5, pp. 33–37, September–October, 2007. 相似文献
12.
D.?Kolesár M.?Kolesárová J.?Pavel A.?Dávidová J.?Mar?ala N.?Luká?ová 《The journal of physiological sciences : JPS》2009,59(2):97-103
This study was designed in order to consider whether the release of neuronally derived nitric oxide (NO) in the lumbosacral
spinal cord during ischemia/reperfusion is region-specific and whether changes in Ca2+-dependent NO synthase (cNOS) activity paralell with functional outcome. The cNOS activity was measured in the spinal cord
regions after 13-, 15- and 17-min ischemia alone and that followed by 24 h of reperfusion. In addition, the Tarlov’s criteria
were applied to define the neurological consequences of ischemia/reperfusion in experimental animals. Based on the results,
it is evident that only the 17-min ischemia alone was quite sufficient to cause changes in cNOS activity, however, without
alterations in functional outcomes. On the other hand, the ischemic episodes followed by reperfusion caused dynamic, region-specific
alterations in cNOS activity and consequently led to deterioration of motor function of hindlimbs in affected animals. Our
results indicate that the motoneurons in the ventral horns respond more sensitively to ischemia/reperfusion than do neurons
localized in the other spinal cord regions and that changes in cNOS activity may also influence the axonal conductance in
the white matter and account for the impairment of motoneuronal activity in affected animals. 相似文献
13.
Shelyakin AM Preobrazhenskaya IG Komantsev VN Makarovskii AN Bogdanov OV 《Neuroscience and behavioral physiology》2000,30(1):1-4
Transdermal micropolarization of the spinal cord was performed in patients suffering sequelae of spinal cord trauma and tuberculous
spondylitis. Changes in clinical and electrophysiological status were monitored. These studies demonstrated that the use of
local direct currents passed via skin electrodes promoted improvements in motor and autonomic functions in these patients,
leading to positive changes in measures of the functional state of the spinal cord and heart activity. The possible mechanisms
of the action of direct currents acting on the spinal cord are discussed, along with the potential for applying micropolarization
in the treatment of spinal cord lesions.
Translated from Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S. S. Korsakova, Vol. 98, No. 12, pp. 22–24, December, 1998. 相似文献
14.
为了探讨小胶质细胞在急性局灶脑梗塞的可塑性变化及其谷氨酸转运体的表达 ,运用免疫组织化学和免疫荧光双标记技术对大鼠皮质光化学局灶性脑梗塞后小胶质细胞的反应及其谷氨酸转运体表达进行了研究。结果显示 ,光化学局灶性脑梗死后小胶质细胞明显活化 ,其形态在脑梗塞半暗带区以高分枝状和杆状为主 ,梗塞灶中心为阿米巴形和圆形。脑梗塞的早期以高分枝状和杆状为主 ,脑梗塞的晚期以阿米巴形和圆形小胶质细胞为主。谷氨酸转运体 EAAT2主要在缺血周边的半暗带区表达 ,呈网状环绕在神经元周围 ,共聚焦显微镜扫描见与 OX42标记的小胶质细胞双重标记。结论 :本研究提示急性局灶脑梗塞后发生可塑性变化的小胶质细胞 ,通过增强 EAAT2的表达积极地参与脑梗塞的修复过程。 相似文献
15.
Vilović K Ilijić E Glamoclija V Kolić K Bocina I Sapunar D Saraga-Babić M 《Anatomy and embryology》2006,211(1):1-9
Cell death in the developing human spinal cord was investigated in 5–12 week human conceptuses using immunohistochemical and
TUNEL methods. Expression of pro-apoptotic (Fas-receptor, caspase-3) and anti-apoptotic (bcl-2) markers and marker for internucleosomal
fragmentation (TUNEL) were analysed in the cranial and caudal parts of the human spinal cord. In early developmental stages
(5–6 weeks) of the cranial spinal cord, bcl-2 positive cells were seen in the ventricular zone and in the roof plate, while
in the caudal part they were seen surrounding the central lumen. Subsequently, bcl-2 expression appeared in the basal plates
of the grey matter and in the spinal ganglia, and from the seventh week on they also appeared in the intermediate horn of
the grey matter. In the fetal period, bcl-2 expression appeared in the dorsal horns of the grey matter (9 weeks) but ceased
in the ventricular zone (12 weeks) . In the trunk region, TUNEL-positive cells were found in ventricular and mantle zones
along the whole length of the spinal cord. Caspase-3 positive cells and Fas-receptor positive cells appeared only in the grey
matter of the cranial segments (head and trunk) of the spinal cord, but they were missing in the caudal parts. Caspase-3 dependant
pathway, probably activated by Fas-receptor, seems to operate only in the cranial part of the human spinal cord. In the caudal
(sacrococcygeal and tail) parts, cells seem to die by caspase-3 independent pathway. The interplay of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic
factors may be associated with cranial spinal cord morphogenesis, adjustment of cells number and selective survival of neurons,
while in the caudal regions these factors cause massive cell death associated with regression of the caudal spinal cord. 相似文献
16.
V. D. Avelev R. Mathur D. Behari N. A. Shcherbakova I. Yu. Dorofeev A. A. Savokhin Yu. P. Gerasimenko 《Neuroscience and behavioral physiology》2011,41(1):91-96
The motor effects induced by pulsed magnetic fields (PMF) projected onto the lumbar and cervical spinal cord were studied
in decerebrate cats. A magnetic coil (inductor) of diameter 8 cm was positioned 1–2 cm above the surface of the spinal cord.
Stimulation of the spinal cord with PMF was performed in two regimes: with single impulses with an intensity of 0.5–1 T and
with continuous rhythmic stimulation at a frequency of 1 Hz and an intensity of 0.5 T. Application of single stimuli to the
lumbar enlargement evoked reflex responses in the proximal and distal hindlimb muscles. Rhythmic stimulation initiated locomotor
activity of the limb on a running treadmill, i.e., activated the neural locomotor network of the spinal cord (stepping movement
generator). Magnetic stimulation of the lumbar enlargement evoked coordinated stepping movements of the hindlimbs only. Application
of PMF to the cervical enlargement induced coordinated stepping movements of all four limbs, hindlimb movements starting before
forelimb movements. After cessation of magnetic stimulation, the limbs completed several further coordinated movement cycles.
This is the first report of the triggering of limb stepping movement generators with PMF in decerebrate cats. The results
obtained here demonstrate that the neural locomotor networks of the spinal cord can be activated noninvasively and open new
perspectives for the clinical use of PMF. 相似文献
17.
For many years, it was recognized that brain and spinal cord tissues could not be regenerated once they were damaged. Recently,
this concept has been challenged and many basic and clinical studies regarding neural regeneration and transplantation have
been reported. In this review, we will summarize the clinical studies using cell transplantation for the treatment of Parkinson’s
disease and cerebral ischemia. Then, we will report the recent advancement of basic studies using cell lines and neural stem
cells as donor tissue. Cell line grafting can be done by encapsulating desired cell line in semipermeable polymer hollow fibers,
and neurotransmitter and neurotrophic factors can be delivered into the brain. Neural stem cells, especially those of adult
origin, have the advantage that autologous cell transplantation can be done. The biological features of various types of stem
cells have been widely investigated and will be applied to the treatment of neurological disorders through cell transplantation.
This article is modified from “Neural regeneration: treatment of Parkinson’s disease and cerebral ischemia,” by the same authors,
in Jinkozoki 2007;36:130–133 相似文献
18.
19.
大鼠脊髓缺血再灌注损伤后caspase-12表达与细胞凋亡 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
目的:观察大鼠脊髓缺血再灌注损伤过程中细胞凋亡、caspase-12的表达变化规律,以探讨其分子机制。方法:采用自制压迫装置制备脊髓压迫缺血再灌注模型。运用形态学、分子生物学等方法,分别于缺血再灌注后3、7、11、23和47h,观察脊髓缺血再灌注损伤后,脊髓的病理变化和内质网的形态学改变、细胞凋亡及caspase-12的表达变化的规律。结果:脊髓缺血再灌注3h后,出现不同程度的细胞肿胀,神经元退行性变及内质网结构变化;随着再灌注时间的延长,神经元和神经胶质细胞凋亡数明显增加,并伴有caspase-12的表达增强;capspase-12表达与细胞凋亡的时空变化规律相一致。结论:在脊髓缺血再灌注过程中神经细胞凋亡是引起脊髓继发性损伤的主要病理因素,caspase-12可能参与了脊髓缺血再灌注损伤所导致的细胞凋亡。 相似文献
20.
V. I. Babinkov Z. A. Cherkashina V. G. Germanov N. K. Khitrov 《Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine》1999,128(3):892-894
We studied the effects of long-term moderate hypothermia on induced auxotonic contractions of dog hindlimb extensor muscle
after lateral hemisection of the spinal cord at the thoracolumbar region (TXII-LI–II) during the early and late postoperative periods (1–2 and 3–5 weeks, respectively). The mechanisms of antispastic effects
of moderate hypothermia are different: the immediate effect was due to cold blockade of spinal neurons, while delayed effects
resulted from activation of descending bilateral oversegmental motor apparatus.
Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 9, pp. 270–273, September, 1999 相似文献