惠州市不同人群丙型肝炎病毒感染状况分析

目的了解不同人群的丙型肝炎感染状况,为丙型肝炎防治工作提供科学依据。方法采用分层抽样方法抽取了惠州市19 219例对象,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)抗体。结果本次调查人群的HCV平均感染率为3.55%,略高于全国3.22%的平均水平;不同群体中丙型肝炎阳性率差异显著,吸毒群体阳性率最高,为54.8%;不同年龄组的抗-HCV总阳性率差异有统计学意义,吸毒人群不同年龄组的抗-HCV阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=77.431,P<0.01);男性抗-HCV阳性率(4.94%)明显高于女性(0.88%)。结论静脉吸毒是HCV主要传播途径,通过对高危行为人群开展健康干预、抗HCV筛查和临床治疗,有效防止丙型肝炎在人群中扩散。     

江苏省2005~2008年吸毒人群艾滋病病毒哨点监测结果分析

目的:通过对2005～2008年江苏省吸毒人群艾滋病病毒(HIV)哨点监测结果的分析,了解该人群艾滋病感染状况及高危行为状况变化趋势,评价近年对吸毒人群的干预效果。方法:采用SPSS11.5统计软件对2005～2008年江苏省7个吸毒人群艾滋病哨点监测数据进行统计分析。结果:吸毒人群中艾滋病病毒抗体(HIV抗体)阳性率为0.7%,丙肝(HCV)阳性率为34.04%。注射吸毒率逐年呈下降趋势且有统计学差异(χ2=156.66,P<0.01);注射吸毒且共用针具者与注射吸毒但不共用针具者艾滋病感染状况有统计学差别(χ2=18.173,P<0.01);发生商业性行为时从不使用安全套的比例有逐年下降趋势(χ2=11.67,P<0.01)。此外,注射吸毒者HCV感染率与非注射吸毒者HCV感染率有统计学差异(χ2=708.945,P<0.01)。结论:在吸毒人群中普遍存在艾滋病、HCV等血源传染性疾病流行的风险,加强对吸毒人群的监测和防病知识宣传教育及行为干预,有利于控制诸如艾滋病、HCV等血源性疾病的传播和蔓延。     

南宁市吸毒人群丙肝抗体阳性率检测分析

目的通过对南宁市吸毒人群丙型肝炎(抗-HCV阳性率)感染情况的检测分析,探讨吸毒人群传播丙肝的危险性,为预防和控制吸毒人群传播丙肝提供科学依据.方法采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检侧449例吸毒人员和400例普通人群的血清丙肝抗体(抗一HCV).结果吸毒组血清抗-HCV阳性率91.09%,对照组血清抗-HCV阳性率0.25%,吸毒人员丙肝阳性率显著高于对照组(χ2=699.09, P<0.01).共用注射器具吸毒者HCV阳性率(95.57%)显著高于不共用注射器具吸毒者(52.63%)(χ2=47.38, P<0.01).结论吸毒人群是丙肝病毒的重要携带者和传染源,是丙肝防治的重点人群,应加强对吸毒人群的管理和干预,防止丙肝在人群之间的传播.     

蚌埠市吸毒人群丙肝抗体调查分析

目的:了解蚌埠市吸毒人群丙型肝炎感染情况,探讨吸毒人群传播丙肝的危险性。方法:应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测153例吸毒人员和130例普通人员的血清丙肝抗体(抗-HCV)。结果:吸毒组血清抗-HCV阳性101例,感染率66.0%,对照组血清抗-HCV阳性2例,阳性率1.5%。吸毒人群丙肝病毒感染率是普通人群的44倍。结论:吸毒人群是丙肝病毒的重要携带者和传染源,应加强吸毒人群的管理,进一步推广关沙酮替代疗法。     

广西中越边境2012—2019年吸毒人群HIV和HCV感染状况及影响因素

目的 了解广西中越边境地区吸毒人群中HIV、丙肝病毒（HCV）及HIV/HCV合并感染情况及其影响因素,为在该人群中开展高危行为干预提供参考依据。方法 2012—2019年间每年4—6月,采用国家统一制定的问卷对广西中越边境哨点监管场所、社区和美沙酮门诊最近1个月吗啡尿检阳性者开展连续横断面调查,并采集调查对象血液标本进行HIV和HCV抗体检测。结果 2012—2019年共监测12 842名毒品使用者。HIV感染率为3.84%,HCV抗体阳性率为43.34%,HIV/HCV合并感染率为3.14%。HIV、HCV及HIV/HCV合并感染率整体上呈逐年下降的趋势。不同行为特征的吸毒人群感染情况不同。Logistic回归分析显示,女性、小学学历、有注射吸毒史是感染HIV的危险因素。年龄≥20岁、离异或丧偶、除汉族和壮族外的其他少数民族、传统毒品和混合毒品使用者、有注射毒品史是感染HCV的危险因素。而女性、小学文化、有注射毒品史是HIV/HCV合并感染的危险因素。结论 广西边境吸毒人群整体HIV感染率和HCV抗体阳性率较高,HIV/HCV合并感染率较低,新型毒品使用者比例呈上升趋势。提示需针对女性、高年龄组及有注射吸毒史的吸毒人群开展有效干预措施。     

许昌市2002-2010年吸毒哨点艾滋病性病监测情况

目的了解许昌市吸毒人员的高危行为和艾滋病及性病的感染状况,为制定艾滋病性病的预防控制措施提供依据。方法按照国家艾滋病哨点监测实施方案的要求,对监测期间新入所的吸毒人员进行行为学调查和艾滋病、梅毒、丙肝血清抗体检测。结果口吸毒者及注射吸毒者分别占吸毒人员总数的93.2%和6.80%;该吸毒人群中HIV抗体阳性率为0.41%,梅毒感染率为1.04%。结论许昌市吸毒人员艾滋病、性病感染危险因素广泛存在,应加强针对该人群的高危行为干预。     

河北赵县献血村丙肝感染情况调查

目的了解1985年左右参与非法献血人数较多的赵县前大章乡城郎村村民受HCV感染的现状,为当地丙肝防治提供依据。方法采用横断面调查方法 ,将户每位成员基本情况录入数据库。采集每位村民4mL血清,现场分离血清,并检测血清ALT、抗-HCV抗体。结果河北赵县献血村人群抗-HCV阳性率为26.72%;感染人群主要集中在40~60岁之间;献血员抗-HCV阳性率高于非献血员;不同献血类型HCV感染情况不同,混合献血感染几率最大。抗-HCV阳性率随混合献血次数的增加而升高。结论河北赵县献血村HCV感染情况较严重,人群抗HCV感染率远高于全国水平。     

岑溪市394例吸毒人员HIV、HCV、TP感染情况分析

目的 了解掌握岑溪市吸毒人群的艾滋病病毒、丙型肝炎病毒、梅毒螺旋体感染情况,为该市艾滋病防治工作提供依据.方法 采用流行病学描述性研究方法对岑溪市394名吸毒人员人口、行为学资料分布情况分析;并开展艾滋病、丙肝、梅毒抗体检测,分析感染情况.结果 394例吸毒人员抗HIV、HCV、TP抗体阳性率分别为5.33％、80.96％、3.55％.30～岁组的HCV感染率高于≥40岁组.TP感染率女性高于男性.共针静脉注射吸毒者HCV感染率明显高于非共针静脉注射吸毒者.结论 岑溪市吸毒人群HIV、HCV、TP感染率较高,是重要的传染源之一,应加强对吸毒人群的监测、高危行为干预和健康教育.     

2010～2011年永济市吸毒人员艾滋病哨点监测结果分析

目的了解我市吸毒人群中艾滋病、梅毒和丙肝的感染率变化趋势以及吸毒行为的变化情况,以获得我市艾滋病流行趋势及危险因素,及时总结我市艾滋病哨点监测工作经验及监测工作中存在的问题,更好地有针对性地开展艾滋病宣传教育及防治工作。方法按照中国疾病预防控制中心性艾中心艾滋病哨点/丙肝哨点监测实施方案要求进行监测。结果 2010~2011年我市监测的吸毒人员均为男性,青壮年、已婚者居多,多数吸毒者为初中以下文化,吸毒人群的吸毒方式以口吸为主,大都吸食海洛因。2010年监测的421例吸毒人员中有商业性行为占14.01%,静脉注射吸毒者占16.15%,共用针具者占19.12%,HIV抗体阳性1例,阳性检出率为0.24%,梅毒抗体检测阳性8例,检出率为1.90%,丙肝抗体阳性46例,检出率为10.93%。2011年监测的411例吸毒人员中有商业性行为者占21.41%,静脉注射吸毒者占22.87%,共用针具者占37.23%,未检出HIV抗体阳性者,梅毒抗体检测阳性23例,检出率为5.59%,丙肝阳性56例,检出率为13.63%。结论我市被调查的吸毒人群中艾滋病感染率较低,梅毒、丙肝感染率较高,呈上升趋势;静脉注射吸毒、共用针具、商业性行为等危险行为发生率有所升高。在吸毒人群中加强艾滋病防治知识,进行健康教育和行为干预刻不容缓。     

包头市昆区2012年在押吸毒人群艾滋病监测结果分析

目的:了解包头市昆区吸毒人群艾滋病流行状况和流行因素,分析吸毒人群艾滋病流行趋势,为艾滋病疫情的估计和预测提供信息,为制定艾滋病防治策略和干预措施及效果评价提供科学依据。方法:采用统一的调查问卷,对监测期内在押的吸毒人员进行面对面的问卷调查,同时对每一个调查对象采集静脉血3～5 mL进行HIV抗体、HCV抗体、梅毒抗体检测。结果:共检测在押吸毒人员403人,HIV抗体阳性者2例,阳性率0.50%;HCV阳性者105例,阳性率26.05%;梅毒阳性者8例,阳性率1.99%。结论:包头市昆区吸毒人群的HIV感染率较低,但存在高危行为,应加强吸毒人员艾滋病、性病、肝炎知识的宣传教育及行为干预等工作,扩大综合干预覆盖面,提高干预工作质量,阻止艾滋病由高危人群向一般人群传播,防止HCV、梅毒的蔓延。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.