Circadian variation in the effect of intravenous thrombolysis after non-lacunar stroke

The onset of non-lacunar stroke symptoms has a circadian variation, with a higher risk in the early morning hours and lower risk during the nighttime period, but this circadian distribution has not been clearly established on the effect of intravenous (IV) thrombolysis. The aim of the present study was to assess whether the time interval based on time of Alteplase IV infusion may influence the effect of treatment in patients with non-lacunar stroke. We conducted an analysis on prospectively collected data of 476 non-lacunar stroke patients treated with IV thrombolysis. To identify a possible circadian variation in the effect of Alteplase IV infusion, we used the following outcome measures: major neurological improvement (NIH stroke scale [NIHSS] score decrease of ≤8 points from baseline or NIHSS score of 0 at 24 h), and hemorrhagic transformation according to European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study trial definition within 24 h. Multivariate analysis showed that ORs for major neurological improvement were lower in patients who started IV thrombolysis in the 6 AM–noon interval (OR 0.35, 95 % CI 0.16–0.74, p = 0.006) and noon–6 PM interval (OR 0.40, 95 % CI 0.20–0.81, p = 0.010), whereas ORs for hemorrhagic transformation were lower in patients who started IV thrombolysis in the noon–6 PM interval (OR 0.29, 95 % CI 0.12–0.67, p = 0.004) and in the 6 PM–midnight interval (OR 0.26, 95 % CI 0.11–0.62, p = 0.002), compared with midnight–6 AM interval. The effect of Alteplase IV infusion could show a circadian variation in patients with non-lacunar stroke. After comparison with the midnight–6 AM interval, thrombolysis could be more safe from noon to midnight, and less effective from 6 AM to 6 PM.     

脑白质高信号部位对急性缺血性卒中静脉溶栓患者临床转归的影响

目的:探讨脑白质高信号(white matter hyperintensities, WMHs)部位对前循环急性缺血性卒中(acute ischemic stroke, AIS)静脉溶栓患者临床转归的影响。方法:回顾性纳入2015年2月至2020年2月在徐州市中心医院接受阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗的前循环AIS患者。根据Fa...     

大脑中动脉闭塞部位对急性缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓治疗后转归的影响

目的 探讨大脑中动脉(middle cerebral artery,MCA)闭塞部位对急性缺血性卒中患者静脉重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(recombinant tissue plasminogen activator,rtPA)溶栓治疗后转归的影响.方法 连续纳入在发病4.5h内接受rtPA静脉溶栓治疗的急性MCA闭塞性卒中患者.将MCA闭塞部位分为MCA近段(M1近段)和MCA远段(M1远段、M2段及以远).早期神经功能改善定义为溶栓后24 h美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分较基线时改善≥4分或NIHSS评分为0分.根据90 d时改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,mRS)评分分为转归良好组(0～2分)和转归不良组(3～6分).结果共纳入70例MCA闭塞缺血性卒中患者,其中MCA近段闭塞患者22例(31.4％),MCA远段闭塞患者48例(68.6％);转归良好52例(74.3％),转归不良18例(25.7％).MCA近段闭塞组心房颤动(x2=4.541,P=0.033)患者比例以及入院时(t=5.192,P=0.026)和溶栓后24 h时(-5.365,P=0.024)NIHSS评分均高于MCA远段闭塞组.MCA近段闭塞组早期神经功能改善的患者比例显著低于MCA远段闭塞组(x2 =9.434,P=0.002),而有症状颅内出血发生率(x2 =9.563,p=0.002)和7d内病死率(x2=14.491,P＜0.001)均显著高于MCA远段闭塞组.转归不良组发病至溶栓时间(t=6.346,P=0.014)以及入院时(t=4.498,P=0.038)和溶栓后24 h时(=4.866,P=0.028)NIHSS评分以及MCA近段闭塞的患者比例(x2=18.710,P＜0.001)显著长于或高于转归良好组.多变量logistic回归分析显示,MCA近段闭塞[优势比(odds ratio,OR) 14.385,95％可信区间(confidence interval,CI)2.525 ～ 81.925;P=o.003]、发病至溶栓时间较长(OR 12.927,95％ CI2.624 ～ 61.748;P=0.002)、溶栓后24 h时NIHSS评分较高(OR 3.492,95％ CIl.027～11.880;P=0.045)是90 d时转归不良的独立预测因素.结论 不同部位MCA闭塞患者静脉溶栓的转归存在差异.MCA闭塞部位、发病至溶栓时间、溶栓后24 h时NIHSS评分和年龄是MCA供血区急性缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓后转归的独立预测因素.     

Stroke severity modified the effect of chronic atrial fibrillation on the outcome of thrombolytic therapy

There is conflicting information regarding the impact of chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) on the outcomes of thrombolyzed patients with stroke. This study was designed to identify high-risk patients with chronic AF who had undergone thrombolysis treatment and to explore whether the baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) could be used to distinguish poor clinical outcomes in thrombolyzed patients.A total of 164 acute ischemic stroke patients with chronic AF were enrolled in this study. The patients were categorized as having poor or favorable outcomes. A favorable 90-day outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≤2.Our study showed that the baseline NIHSS score of patients with poor functional recovery (mRS >2) was significantly higher than that of patients with favorable outcomes (median 16 vs 12). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of mRS score showed that a baseline NIHSS score of 14 was the optimal threshold for predicting unfavorable outcomes in patients with chronic AF. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that baseline NIHSS score >14 was independently associated with poor outcomes (odds ratio = 4.182, 95% confidence interval 2.092–8.361).Our study showed that stroke severity modified the effect of chronic AF on the outcome of thrombolytic therapy. The approach of stratifying stroke severity may be used to evaluate treatment strategies for decision making in intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute stroke with chronic AF.     

阿替普酶联合抗血小板聚集治疗可影响急性缺血性脑卒中患者miR-150-5p及miR-199a表达水平

摘要 目的：观察阿替普酶联合抗血小板聚集治疗对急性缺血性脑卒中（AIS）患者miR-150-5p及miR-199a表达的影响。方法：选取150例AIS患者，随机分为对照组和观察组，每组75例。对照组予阿替普酶溶栓治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上联合抗血小板聚集治疗。比较2组美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）、改良Rankin评分量表（mRS）、Barthel指数、miR-150-5p及miR-199a表达变化情况。比较2组患者早期神经功能恶化的发生率。结果：2组患者治疗14d后Barthel指数较治疗前升高，NIHSS、mRS评分较治疗前降低（P均＜0.05）。与对照组比较，观察组治疗14d后的临床总有效率、Barthel指数、血清miR-150-5p及miR-199a表达更高，而NIHSS、mRS评分更低（P均＜0.05）。2组患者早期（1周内）神经功能恶化总发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：阿替普酶联合抗血小板聚集治疗AIS患者，可减轻神经功能损害，提高患者生活自理能力，还可上调miR-150-5p及miR-199a表达。     

The baseline NIHSS score in female and male patients and short-time outcome: a study in young ischemic stroke

The NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) may not appropriately assess the spectrum of young sex-related stroke neurologic deficits. We determined the cutoff baseline NIHSS score that predicts independent daily life activity at discharge in young male versus female ischemic strokes. We conducted this study in 1,451 young Chinese adults with acute cerebral ischemic stroke as determined by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge. The main outcome measures included a composite favorable outcome (defined as a mRS score of 0 or 2) and poor outcome (defined as a mRS score of 3 or 6) at discharge. Bivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the risk factors of outcome at discharge in male and female patients respectively, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calculated the area under the ROC curve with 95 % CIs. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Stepwise logistic regression analysis confirmed the risk factors of outcome included: diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, stroke subtype and baseline NIHSS score in male patient; atrial fibrillation, stroke subtype and baseline NIHSS score in female patients. The optimal cutoff score of the baseline NIHSS was ≤4 for female patients with stroke, the optimal cutoff score of the baseline NIHSS was ≤6 for male patients with stroke. The cutoff score of the baseline NIHSS for a favorable outcome at discharge was relatively low in young female patients compared to male patients. These results need further confirmation in larger contemporary datasets.     

Introduction of direct oral anticoagulant within 7 days of stroke onset: a nomogram to predict the probability of 3-month modified Rankin Scale score &gt; 2

In clinical practice, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are often started earlier (≤?7 days) than in randomized clinical trials after stroke. We aimed to develop a nomogram model incorporating time of DOAC introduction?≤?7 days of stroke onset in combination with different degrees of stroke radiological/neurological severity at the time of treatment to predict the probability of unfavorable outcome. We conducted a multicenter prospective study including 344 patients who started DOAC 1–7 days after atrial fibrillation-related stroke onset. Computed tomography scan 24–36 h after stroke onset was performed in all patients before starting DOAC. Unfavorable outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score?>?2 at 3 months. Based on multivariate logistic model, the nomogram was generated. We assessed the discriminative performance by using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC–ROC) and calibration of risk prediction model by using the Hosmer–Lemeshow test. Onset-to-treatment time for DOAC (OR: 1.21, p?=?0.030), NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at the time of treatment (OR: 1.00 for NIHSS?=?0–5; OR: 2.67, p?=?0.016 for NIHSS?=?6–9; OR: 26.70, p?<?0.001 for NIHSS?=?10–14; OR: 57.48, p?<?0.001 for NIHSS?≥?15), size infarct (OR: 1.00 for small infarct; OR: 2.26, p?=?0.023 for medium infarct; OR: 3.40, p?=?0.005 for large infarct), and age?≥?80 years (OR: 1.96, p?=?0.028) remained independent predictors of unfavorable outcome to compose the nomogram. The AUC–ROC of nomogram was 0.858. Calibration was good (p?=?2.889 for the Hosmer–Lemeshow test). The combination of onset-to-treatment time of DOAC with stroke radiological/neurological severity at the time of treatment and old age may predict the probability of unfavorable outcome.     

Intravenous thrombolysis in stroke patients under 55 years of age: is there a different effect according to etiology and severity?

The effect of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) according to etiology and stroke severity in young patients with ischemic stroke (IS) has not been described previously. To analyze the effect of IVT in young patients with IS according to etiological subtype and stroke severity. Observational study with inclusion of IS patients under 55 years of age (2007–2012). Two groups were compared according to IVT treatment. Favorable outcomes were defined as 3 months modified Rankin Scale ≤2. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine those factors independently associated with favorable outcomes, and subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the effect of IVT according to etiological stroke subtype and severity on admission, adjusted for other prognostic variables. We evaluated 262 patients. 63 (24 %) received IVT. The mean age and the sex distribution were similar in the IVT treated and the non-treated groups. Multivariate analyses showed that IVT was associated with a higher probability of favorable outcome (OR, 95 % CI: 4.652, 1.294–16.722) whereas artery dissection (OR, 95 % CI: 0.191, 0.056–0.654) and NIHSS (OR, 95 % CI: 0.727, 0.664–0.797) were associated with a lower probability of a favorable outcome. The subgroup analysis showed that the beneficial effect of IVT on outcomes was significant in moderate-severe strokes (NIHSS ≥8) (OR, 95 % CI: 3.782, 1.095–13.069) and in cardioembolism (OR, 95 % CI: 41.887, 1.001–1751.596). In IS patients under 55 years of age, those with moderate-severe strokes benefit more from IVT than those with mild strokes. Cardioembolic infarctions may benefit more from IV tPA than other etiologies.     

高压氧结合阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中疗效观察

目的探讨高压氧条件下使用阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中（acute ischemic stroke, AIS）的临床疗效。 方法选取2016年7月至2017年7月泰安市中心医院收治的AIS患者38例,其中高压氧条件下静脉溶栓治疗18例（观察组）,常规静脉溶栓治疗20例（对照组）。两组患者均在发病3 h内采用阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗,记录两组患者入院时美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表（National Institute of Health stroke scale, NIHSS）评分,溶栓完成后2 h、24 h、7 d的NIHSS评分及发病90 d的NIHSS评分和改良Rankin量表（modified Rankin Scale, mRS）评分。计量资料的比较采用t检验,计数资料的比较采用χ²检验。 结果观察组患者入院时NIHSS评分显著高于对照组（t=4.216,P<0.01）,溶栓治疗后2 h、24 h、7d及发病90 d的NIHSS评分均显著低于对照组（t=-3.957、-3.975、-2.184、-1.296,均P<0.01）,发病90 d的mRS也显著低于对照组（t=-1.960,P<0.01）。 结论高压氧结合阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗,在AIS发病早期阶段具有改善患者神经功能的作用。     

重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物静脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中单中心回顾性研究

目的评价重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物(recombinant tissue plasminogen activator,rtPA)静脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中的临床疗效和安全性,探讨溶栓时间窗和影响溶栓转归的相关因素.方法 回顾性分析急性缺血性卒中患者94例,其中rtPA组40例.对照组54例.在发病后24 h应用美国国立卫生院卒中量表(National Institute of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评价神经功能.早期神经功能改善定义为人院后24 h NIHSS改善≥4分或神经功能完全恢复.在发病后14 d应用改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,mRS)、Barthel指数(Berthel Index,BI)和NIHSS进行临床疗效评价,BI≥95分、mRS≤1分或NIHSS≤1分定义为转归良好.此外,对有症状颅内出血(symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage,sICH)发生率和病死率进行评价.结果 rtPA组24 h早期神经功能改善率显著高于对照组(37.5%对13.O%,OR=3.900,P=0.007),rtPA组入院后14 d转归良好率显著高于对照组(OR=2.654.95%CI 1.089～7.235;P=0.035).rtPA组住院期间sICH发生率较对照组显著增高(15.00%对1.85%,P=0.033),但病死率无显著差异(17.50%对9.36%,P=0.054).多因素同归分析显示,血糖≥8 mmol/L、基底动脉梗死、NHISS评分≥20分和存在早期CT梗死征象是转归较差的独立预测因素.3 h内静脉溶栓的转归良好率显著高于4.5～6 h溶柃时(47.1%对16.7%,OR=4.473,P=0.034).结论 急性缺血性卒中患者在发病6 h内进行rtPA静脉溶栓治疗安全、有效,其中起病3 h内溶柃的疗效更好.血糖≥18 mmol/L、基底动脉梗死、NHISS评分≥20分和存在早期CT梗死征象是转归转差的独立预测因素.     

院前转运方式对急性缺血性卒中静脉溶栓时间效率指标及早期神经功能改善的影响研究

目的 分析院前转运方式对急性缺血性卒中患者入院后静脉溶栓时间效率指标及早期神经功能改善的影响.方法 回顾性连续纳入2018年6月至2021年5月北京丰台医院神经内科急性缺血性卒中接受静脉溶栓治疗患者302例,均经头部CT或MR证实有新发梗死灶,并在院内接受静脉溶栓治疗,排除了静脉溶栓桥接取栓治疗患者.根据登记的院前转运...     

标签内与标签外应用药物洗脱支架对冠心病预后的影响

目的探讨标签内与标签外使用药物支架的患者术后心脏事件的影响。方法选择上海市胸科医院2004年1月至2007年12月1004例接受药物洗脱支架的冠心病患者进行回顾性研究,按照美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)推荐的药物洗脱支架适应证分为标签内和标签外两个组,观察术后主要心脏不良事件(MACE事件)及支架内血栓发生率的统计学意义,比较这两组患者的预后情况。结果标签外组各项临床基线特征中,合并心功能不全和高脂血症明显高于标签内组;冠脉特点上,标签外组目标血管狭窄程度和支架总长度大于标签内组,其他基线水平相似。在心脏事件平均36个月的随访中,标签外组MACE事件206例(28.3%),标签内组MACE事件43例(15.6%);标签外组心源性死亡率7.7%,术后心梗6.9%和靶血管血运重建(TVR)18.4%均高于标签内组的3.9%,3.6%和7.6%;标签外组中慢性阻塞性病变、桥血管病变和无保护左主干病变等一些复杂病变与心脏事件相关性较大。随访中5例支架内血栓均出现在标签外组。结论标签外组患者有更高的心脏病事件发生率,提示药物支架标签外应用带来更大事件风险。     

Standardized use of novel oral anticoagulants plasma level thresholds in a new thrombolysis decision making protocol

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients receiving non-vitamin-K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOAC) are commonly excluded from thrombolytic therapy, as interpretation of coagulation tests remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the applicability of a novel institutional protocol for thrombolysis based on current expert recommendations and NOAC specific coagulation assessment. We included hospitalized AIS patients receiving NOAC for at least 24 h and consecutive AIS patients not receiving NOAC into a prospective study. We performed standard coagulation tests and specific tests for dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban plasma levels. We studied 65 patients: mean age 72 ± 13 years, 30 (46 %) male, median NIHSS score 3 (IQR 6). Fifteen (23 %) were on NOAC treatment (5 dabigatran, 5 rivaroxaban, and 5 apixaban, respectively) and 50 (77 %) were not. In patients without NOAC, dabigatran was not detectable (0 ng/ml), and plasma levels of rivaroxaban (median: 10.0 ng/ml, IQR 7.0) and apixaban (7.2 ng/ml, IQR 6.7) were below our lower thresholds that allow thrombolysis. In patients with dabigatran pre-treatment, trough levels (58.0 ng/ml, IQR 143.0) were below our upper threshold that would allow thrombolysis in 3/5 patients. In patients receiving rivaroxaban, trough level (68.0 ng/ml, IQR 64.0) was below our predefined upper thresholds that would allow thrombolysis in 4/5 patients. In all patients on apixaban, trough level was above our predefined threshold of 40 ng/ml that precludes thrombolysis (98.2 ng/ml, IQR 84.3). Predefined thresholds of NOAC plasma levels in the decision of thrombolysis in NOAC treated AIS patients might supplement routine coagulation tests and should be validated in a larger study population.     

Effect of antihypertensive medications on thrombolysis therapy and outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients

There are concerns that specific risk factors may alter the benefits of thrombolysis in stroke patients with controlled contraindications including hypertension. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between clinical risk factors and outcomes in ischemic stroke patients that received thrombolysis therapy pretreated with antihypertensive medications. Using data obtained from a stroke registry, a non‐randomized retrospective data analysis was conducted on patients with the primary diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke with hypertension pretreated with antihypertensive medications. The association between clinical risk factors and functional ambulatory outcome was determined using logistic regression while odd ratios (OR) were used to predict the odds of achieving improved ambulatory outcome in thrombolysis treatment status. Improved or poor functional ambulatory outcome was considered as the end point in our analysis. A total of 4665 acute ischemic stroke patients were identified, of whom 1446 (31.0%) were eligible for thrombolysis, while 3219 were not, and 595 received rtPA, of whom 288 were on antihypertensive medications, while 233 were not. In the rtPA group with antihypertensive (anti‐HTN) medication, only NIHSS score (OR = 1.094, 95% CI, 1.094‐1.000, P = 0.005) was associated with improved functional outcome while patients with congestive heart failure (OR = 0.385, 95% CI, 0.385‐0.159, P = 0.035) and patients with a history of previous TIA (OR = 0.302, 95% CI, 0.302‐0.113, P = 0.017) were more likely to be associated with poor functional outcomes. Congestive heart failure and TIA are independent predictors of functional outcomes in stroke patients pretreated with antihypertensive medications prior to thrombolysis therapy.     

Effect of anticoagulation on cardioembolic stroke severity,outcomes and response to intravenous thrombolysis

Our objective was to evaluate the effect of anticoagulation on cardioembolic stroke (CS) severity, outcomes, and response to intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). Observational study of CS patients admitted to a Stroke Center (2010–2013). The sample was classified into three groups based on pre-stroke oral anticoagulants (OAC) treatment (all acenocumarol) and the international normalized ratio (INR) on admission: (1) non-anticoagulated or anticoagulated patients with INR <1.5, (2) anticoagulated with INR 1.5–1.9 and (3) anticoagulated with INR ≥2. We compared demographic data, vascular risk factors, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, severity on admission (NIHSS) and 3 month outcomes (mRS). Overall 475 patients were included, 47.2 % male, mean age 75.5 (SD 10.7) years old, 31.8 % were on OAC. 76 % belonged to the INR <1.5 group, 13.3 % to the INR 1.5–1.9 and 10.5 % to the INR >2. 35 %of patients received IVT. Multivariate analyses showed that an INR ≥2 on admission was a factor associated with a higher probability of mild stroke (NIHSS <10) (OR 2.026, 95 % CI 1.006–4.082). Previous OAC in general (OR 2.109, 95 % CI 1.173–3.789) as well as INR 1.5–1.9 (OR 3.676, 95 % CI 1.510–8.946) were associated with favorable outcomes (mRS ≤2). OAC was not related to stroke outcomes in the subgroup of IVT patients. Therapeutic OAC levels are associated with lesser CS severity, and prior OAC treatment with favorable outcomes. In this study, OAC are not related with response to IVT.     

心房颤动对静脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中转归的影响

目的 探讨心房颤动(atrial fibrillation,AF)对急性缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓后临床转归和出血性转化(hemorrhagic transformation,HT)的影响.方法 回顾性纳入接受静脉重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂溶栓治疗的急性缺血性卒中患者.90 d时改良Rankin量表评分0～2分定义为转归良好.采用多变量logistic回归分析确定AF与静脉溶栓后临床转归的相关性.结果 共纳入160例接受静脉溶栓治疗的急性缺血性卒中患者,其中67例(41.88％)合并AF.与非AF组相比,AF组年龄更大[中位数和四分位数间距:77(71 ～83)岁对69(59 ～78)岁;Z=4.142,P＜0.001],基线美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NHISS)评分更高[11(6～17)分对7(4 ～14)分;Z=2.623,P=0.009].AF组溶栓后24 h[3.0(1.0～4.5)分对2.0(0～6.0)分;Z=-0.312,P=0.775]和7 d[4.0(2.0～5.0)分对5.0(2.0～8.0)分;Z=1.574,P=0.115]时NIHSS评分较基线降低值以及90 d时转归良好患者比例(38.81％对25.82％;x2 =3.063,P=0.080)与非AF组差异均无统计学意义,但24 h内HT(14.93％对5.38％;x2=4.179,P=0.041)和90 d内死亡(16.42％对6.45％;x2 =4.073,P=0.044)患者比例显著高于非AF组.多变量logistic回归分析显不,AF与90 d时临床转归[优势比(odds ratio,OR0.95,95％可信区间(confidence interval,CI)0.381～2.366;P=0.912]、24 h内HT(OR1.992,95％ CI 0.580 ～6.369;P=0.285)以及90 d内死亡(OR 2.483,95％ CI0.727～8.586;P=0.146)均无独立相关性.结论 AF不是影响急性缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓后90 d时临床转归和24 h内HT的独立危险因素.     

Acute stroke intervention by interventional cardiologists

Objectives:

To report the technical success and clinical outcomes of catheter‐based therapy (CBT) for acute ischemic stroke in patients ineligible for intravenous thrombolysis.

Background:

Acute ischemic stroke is common but undertreated. CBT for acute ischemic stroke is a therapeutic option in selected patients who are not candidates for intravenous thrombolysis.

Methods:

Consecutive stroke patients who were ineligible for intravenous thrombolysis and underwent CBT were identified by retrospective chart review. Demographic information, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), procedural characteristics, and clinical outcomes during hospitalization and at 90 days follow up were collected. Experienced interventional cardiologists with the consultative support of stroke neurologists were on call for acute strokes.

Results:

A total of 33 acute ischemic stroke patients underwent emergency cerebral angiography, with 26 patients undergoing CBT. Successful “culprit” artery recanalization was achieved in 23 (88%) of the 26 patients. In‐hospital adverse events occurred in 4 (15%) patients, with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) (12%) representing the most common adverse event. The baseline NIHSS for patients who underwent intervention was 16.5 ± 9.9 (median 16) and improved significantly to 9.9 ± 8.7 (median 9) (P < 0.001) at hospital discharge. A modified Rankin score of two or less (indicating mild disability) was achieved in half (n = 13) of the CBT treated patients. All cause mortality at 90 days was 8% (2/26).

Conclusions:

In selected patients, CBT provided by qualified interventional cardiologists supported by stroke neurologists, offers a safe and effective option for patients with acute stroke who are not eligible for intravenous thrombolysis. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Epidemiology of acute kidney injury in patients with stroke: a retrospective analysis from the neurology ICU

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is proven to be an independent risk factor for adverse clinical outcomes in patients with stroke, but data about the epidemiology of AKI in these patients are not well characterized. Therefore, we investigated the incidence, risk factors, and the impact of AKI on the clinical outcomes in a group of Chinese patients with stroke. We retrospectively recruited 647 stroke patients from the neurology ICU between 2012 and 2013. AKI was identified according to the 2012 KDIGO criteria. Baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using modified Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation for Chinese patients. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was assessed for the stroke severity. A total of 135 (20.9%) patients developed AKI. Patients with AKI stages from 1 to 3 were 84 (62.2%), 26 (19.3%), and 25 (18.5%), respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that independent risk factors for AKI were higher NIHSS score (OR, 1.027; 95% CI 1.003–1.051), lower baseline eGFR (OR, 0.985; 95% CI 0.977–0.993), the presence of hypertension (OR, 1.592; 95% CI 1.003–2.529), and infectious complications (OR, 3.387; 95% CI 1.997–5.803) (P < 0.05 for all). AKI patients were also significantly associated with all-cause mortality in the neurology ICU [OR and 95% CI of AKI-stage 1, AKI-stage 2, and AKI-stage 3 were 4.961 (2.191–11.232), 19.722 (6.354–61.217), and 48.625 (17.616–134.222), respectively (P < 0.001 for all)]. AKI is common among patients with stroke and is associated with worse clinical outcomes after stroke. Prevention of AKI seems to be very important among these patients, because they are exposed to many risk factors for developing AKI.     

多模式磁共振指导下的静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的临床分析

目的探讨多模式MRI指导下的重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的疗效和安全性。方法选择符合NINDS试验溶栓标准的CT阴性的40例急性脑梗死患者进行多模式MRI检查,筛选出符合溶栓标准的14例脑梗死患者,给予rt-PA0.9mg/kg静脉溶栓治疗,采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分(NIHSS)、Barthel指数(BI)及90天改良Rankin评分(mRS),评定溶栓治疗前与治疗后的神经功能。结果14例溶栓患者溶栓治疗后NIHSS评分24h(6.42±5.38)分,溶栓治疗后21天(3.64±3.05)分,溶栓治疗后90天(0.86±1.17)分;14例患者溶栓治疗前BI评分(18.93±6.26)分,溶栓治疗后21天(50.36±35.22)分,溶栓治疗后90天(88.93±13.21)分,均较溶栓治疗前明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论静脉rt-PA(0.9mg/kg)溶栓治疗发病4.5h之内的急性脑梗死是有效安全的;多模式MRI有助于选择从溶栓中获益并剔除那些存在高度出血性转化的患者。     

牛津郡社区卒中项目分型与急性缺血性卒中患者卒中严重程度和转归的相关性

目的 探讨牛津郡社区卒中项目(Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project, OCSP)分型与急性缺血性卒中严重程度和转归的相关性.方法 前瞻性纳入急性缺血性卒中住院患者,按照OCSP分型分为完全前循环梗死(total anterior circulation infarct, TACI)、部分前循环梗死(partial anterior circulation infarct, PACI)、后循环梗死(posterior circulation infarct, POCI)和腔隙性梗死(lacunar infarction, LACI).记录患者的人口统计学和基线临床资料.应用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, NIHSS)评价卒中严重程度,≤8分为轻度卒中,>8分为中重度卒中.以发病后90 d改良Rankin评分(modified Rankin Scale, mRS)评价临床转归,转归良好定义为mRS评分0~2分,转归不良定义为mRS评分3~5分、死亡或发生心血管事件.采用多变量logistic回归分析确定OCSP分型与卒中严重程度和转归的独立相关性.结果 共纳入765例急性缺血性卒中患者,TACI型46例(6.0%),PACI型281例(36.7%),POCI型229例(29.9%),LACI型209例(27.3%);轻度卒中580例(75.8%),中重度卒中185例(24.2%);失访17例,513例(68.6%)转归良好,235例(31.4%)转归不良.各OCSP分型基线NIHSS评分和转归差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05),其中TACI型基线NIHSS评分最高,转归最差,转归不良的患者比例高达89.1%;LACI型组基线NIHSS评分最低,转归相对较好,转归不良的患者比例为8.9%;PACI型基线NIHSS评分与POCI型存在显著性差异(P<0.05),但转归不良的患者比例则不然.多变量logistic回归分析显示,TACI是中重度卒中(优势比84.881,95%可信区间20.307~354.792;P<0.001)和转归不良(优势比21.472,95%可信区间8.362~55.136;P<0.001)的独立危险因素.结论 OCSP分型与急性缺血性卒中严重程度和转归独立相关.