血管内支架在冠状动脉复杂病变成形术中的临床应用

目的探讨血管内支架在冠状动脉复杂病变成形术中的应用效果及价值.方法对冠心病患者复杂冠状动脉病变在经皮穿刺冠状动脉成形术(PTCA)并发急性血管内闭塞、内膜严重撕裂、术后显著残留狭窄及短期内再狭窄等情况下进行了血管内支架植入术(CASI).结果31例患者CASI均获成功,术后急性血管闭塞和内膜撕裂征象消失,残留狭窄及再狭窄解除,未出现出血和穿刺部位血管并发症及CASI后亚急性血栓形成.随访16例,1例术后13天发生猝死;2例因胸痛复发经造影证实支架血管再狭窄,再次球囊扩张后再狭窄改善;余13例冠状动脉造影示支架血管正常.结论冠心病复杂冠状动脉病变行CASI是解除PTCA急性并发症的安全、有效和可行的方法,并有助于PTCA后再狭窄的防治.     

缠绕型和管型冠状动脉内支架在冠心病治疗中的应用

目的　探讨应用缠绕型和管型冠状动脉内支架治疗冠心病的效果。方法　对 2 3例冠心病患者根据不同情况植入冠状动脉内支架 ,其中DeNovo支架 17个 ,Suboptimal支架 6个 ,Bail-out支架 2个。结果　 2 3例患者 2 5支血管植入 2 5个冠状动脉内支架。其中缠绕型支架 9个 ,包括Gianturco -Robin支架2个 ,XT支架 7个 ;管型支架植入 16个 ,均为NIR支架。植入前降支 15个 ,回旋支 2个 ,右冠状动脉 8个。所有支架植入均获得成功。 3例心绞痛复发的患者经造影证实为再狭窄 ,其中XT支架 1个 ,NIR支架 2个 ,总的再狭窄率为 12 % ,缠绕型和管型支架的再狭窄率分别为 11%和 12 .5 %。结论　冠状动脉内支架为治疗PTCA术后急性冠状动脉闭塞、降低再狭窄率的有效措施 ;根据不同的病变合理选择缠绕型和管型支架可提高支架植入的成功率 ,减少并发症。     

血管内支架在冠状动脉复杂病变成形术中的临床应用

本文报道了 31例冠心病患者冠状动脉复杂病变在经皮冠状动脉成形术 (PTCA)并发急性血管内闭塞、内膜严重撕裂、术后显著残留狭窄及短期内再狭窄等的情况下行冠状动脉内支架植入术 (CASI) ,均获成功 ,术后急性血管闭塞和内膜撕裂征象消失 ,残留狭窄及再狭窄解除 ,未出现出血和穿刺部位血管并发症及CASI后亚急性血栓形成。随访 2 6例 ,1例术后 1 3天发生猝死 ,2例因胸痛复发经造影证实支架血管再狭窄 ,再次球囊扩张后再狭窄有所改善 ,余 2 3例冠状动脉造影示支架血管正常 ,结果表明 ,冠心病复杂冠状动脉病变行CASI是解除PTCA急性并发症的安全有效的方法 ,亦有助于PTCA后再狭窄的防治。     

冠状动脉内支架植入术治疗冠心病

目的评价冠状动脉内支架植入术治疗冠心病的效果。方法27例冠心病(CHD)患者中4例行直接支架植入术,23例行常规方法支架植入术。结果27例患者28处病变血管植入31只支架。在未经介入治疗的病变血管植入支架(DeNovostenting)19只,经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(PTCA)结果不理想植入支架(Suboptinalstenting)8只,PTCA并发夹层、内膜撕裂和濒临闭塞时植入支架(Bail-outstenting)4只。术前血管狭窄平均(87±13)％,术后为(15±5)％(P<0．05)。术后所有患者心绞痛均消失。住院期间无一例发生急性心肌梗死(AMI)、急诊冠状动脉搭桥(CABG)或死亡。术后随访1～6个月,仅1例发生非Q波AMI。结论冠状动脉内支架植入术对冠心病是一种很好的治疗方法。     

冠状动脉完全闭塞的介入治疗

目的　探讨应用经皮冠状动脉成形术 (PTCA)及支架植入术治疗冠状动脉完全闭塞病变的成功率和疗效。方法　 48例冠状动脉完全闭塞的患者 ,造影显示单支病变 2 9例 ,双支病变 14例 ,三支病变 5例 ;完全闭塞的病变中 ,前降支 2 7支 ,回旋支 4支 ,右冠状动脉 17支。先对完全闭塞病变进行PTCA ,而后根据情况植入冠状动脉内支架。结果　 48例完全闭塞病变扩张成功 43例 ,成功率 89.6 %。扩张成功的 43例病变植入支架 40例 ,植入率为93%。 1例患者出现少量心包积血 ,其余病例术中及术后均无并发症。结论　冠状动脉内支架的植入有助于提高完全闭塞病变PTCA治疗的疗效 ,降低再狭窄率 ,具有较高的安全性     

经皮冠状动脉气囊成形术和冠状动脉内支架植入术的临床应用

为总结冠状动脉气囊成形术(PTCA)和冠状动脉内支架植入术(CASI)的临床应用经验,提高对手术并发症的认识和处理,回顾性分析我院88例冠心病患者108支血管PICA和CASI术的结果,88例患者108支血管,PTCA成功85例(105支血管),病例成功率96.6％,病变成功率97.2％,PTCA不成功的3例病变血管均为前降支完全慢性闭塞性病变,导丝不能通过。血管发生严重内膜撕裂或夹层形成25支,均经植入支架后消失。共植入支架92个,其中PTCA效果不满意30个;疗效满意的62例中,首次介入治疗时植入35个,PTCA并发严重夹层或急性闭塞或频临闭塞时植入支架25个,直接植入2个。植入单个73例、2个8例、3个1例。同一支血管最多植入2个支架共5例。10个支架植入后出现近端或远端血管痉挛,2例并发新的夹层,无死亡、急性心肌梗死和紧急冠状动脉搭桥术(CABG)等并发症发生。经1～20月随访,2例单纯PTCA和3例植入支架者心绞痛复发。提示PTCA是一有效而安全的冠心病治疗方法,CASI术可提高冠心病介入治疗的成功率和安全性。     

冠状动脉支架的临床应用研究

为评价冠状动脉支架植入的疗效,对１９９６年１２月至１９９９年７月间我院接受冠状动脉支架植入手术的４８例冠心病患者进行了回顾性分析。结果：４８例患者中有４７例成功植入冠状动脉支架,成功率９７．９％,在７４支病变血管中共植入支架８３个（Ｍｕｌｔｉｌｉｎｋ支架４９个,ＡＶＥ支架３４个）。术中支架内血栓形成１例,２支病变血管在球囊预扩张时血管夹层形成。随访３～３４月,术后因急性冠状动脉闭塞死亡１例,急性消化道出血１例,心绞痛复发１例（经冠状动脉造影证实为再狭窄）,其余患者无胸痛发作。上述结果表明,冠状动脉支架植入术成功率高,是有效改善冠心病患者的症状,是治疗冠心病的有效手段之一。     

冠状动脉支架的临床应用研究

为评价冠状动脉支架植入的疗效,对1996年12月至1999年7月间我院接受冠状动脉支架植入手术的48例冠心病患者进行了回顾性分析.结果: 48例患者中有47例成功植入冠状动脉支架,成功率97.9%,在74支病变血管中共植入支架83个(Multilink支架 49个,AVE支架 34个).术中支架内血栓形成1例,2支病变血管在球囊预扩张时血管夹层形成.随访3～34月,术后因急性冠状动脉闭塞死亡1例,急性消化道出血1例,心绞痛复发1例(经冠状动脉造影证实为再狭窄),其余患者无胸痛发作.上述结果表明,冠状动脉支架植入术成功率高,能有效改善冠心病患者的症状,是治疗冠心病的有效手段之一.     

冠状动脉内支架植入并发症及其处理

目的：提高对冠状动脉内支架植入术中并发症的认识及处理水平。方法：自1996年1月至1999年12月对167例冠心病患者202支血管行冠状动脉介入治疗,共植入支架181个,支架植入成功率99．4％（180／181）。结果：术中共发生并发症19例次,发生率为10．5％（19／181）。10例支架植入后,出现支架近端或远端正常血管严重痉挛,经反复冠脉内给硝酸甘油或舌下含服硝苯地平胶囊后改善。6例次支架植入后造成病变近端和／或远端正常血管撕裂,其中远端血管急性闭塞和夹层形成各1例,需植入第2个支架,1例经球囊低压粘贴120s,病灶明显改善。支呆扩张不完全和斑声塌陷各1例。支架定位不良1例。结论：冠状动脉内支架用于冠心病治疗有较高的成功率和较好的临床效果,但也有一些并发症发生,如处理不当导致严重后果甚至死亡,应引起足够的重视。     

经导管冠状动脉支架植入术治疗冠心病的疗效分析与随访

目的研究分析冠状动脉内支架置入术治疗冠心病心肌梗塞和不稳定心绞痛的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析本院2001年1月至2005年5月经皮冠状动脉支架植入术治疗142例冠心病心肌梗塞和不稳定心绞痛患者临床资料,随访评价其近、中期临床疗效和安全性。结果共处理病变血管162支,其中前降支病变79例,回旋支病变24例,右冠脉病变54例,第一钝缘支病变3例,第一对角支病变1例,中间支病变1例,血管平均狭窄程度(92.51±9.05)%,经股动脉途径110例,经桡动脉途径32例,植入支架179个,植入支架的总成功率97.2%,支架平均长度为21.38±5.08 mm,支架的平均直径3.04±0.35 mm,支架释放压力平均为12.55±1.74atm,平均住院天数21.88±11.92 d。主要并发症:死亡3例,发生心肌梗死1例,急性冠脉搭桥1例,术中出现室速、室颤6例,均除颤成功。随访3月~2年,支架植入术后因心脏事件再次住院患者30例(占21.1%),支架内再狭窄8例,均为Medtronic AVE系列裸支架,支架内再狭窄率4.5%,其余患者临床疗效均佳,无心脏事件及心绞痛发生,生活质量较好。结论本组资料显示,冠脉内支架置入术治疗包括复杂病变在内的冠心病心肌梗塞和不稳定心绞痛成功率高,并发症低,疗效确切,是治疗冠脉病变尤其是处理PTCA术中明显内膜撕裂和急性血管闭塞的有效方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.