TLR9基因多态性与子宫腺肌病的相关性研究

目的探讨Toll样受体(Toll-like receptors/TLRs)9基因多态性与子宫腺肌病发病风险的关系。方法采用DNA直接测序法检测50例子宫腺肌病患者(病例组)和50例对照组的TLR9基因rs352139和rs352140位点的多态性,比较各基因型和等位基因的分布情况。结果病例组和对照组中,TLR9基因rs352139位点的TT、CT、CC3种基因型频率分别为38%,40%,22%和48%,32%,20%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.073,P=0.585);T、C等位基因频率分别58%,42%和64%,36%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.757,P=0.384);TLR9基因rs352140位点的TT、CT、CC3种基因型频率分别为20%,40%,40%和18%,38%,44%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.174,P=0.917);T、C等位基因频率分别为40%,60%和37%,63%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.190,P=0.663)。结论 TLR9基因rs352139和rs352140位点多态性与子宫腺肌病的发病风险无关。     

Ace基因多态性与维医异常黑胆质相关性

目的分析血管紧张素转换酶Ace基因多态性与异常黑胆质的关联。方法按照《维吾尔医诊断学》标准诊断喀什地区维吾尔族居民异常黑胆质组515例,诊断正常体液类型308例作为正常体液组,采用高分辨率溶解曲线-聚合酶链反应(HRM-PCR)方法对Ace基因进行基因分型,分析Ace基因8个位点多态性,比较两组基因型和等位基因的分布频率。结果异常黑胆质组和正常体液组Ace基因rs4293位点主要基因型为AG,主要等位基因是A;rs4344位点主要基因型为AG,主要等位基因为A;rs4303位点主要基因型为GG,少数等位基因是T;rs4461142位点主要基因型为CT,主要等位基因是C;rs8075924位点主要基因型为CC,少数等位基因是T;rs4316818位点主要基因型为CT,主要等位基因为T;rs12451328主要基因型为CC,少数等位基因为A;rs4353主要基因型为AG,主要等位基因分别是G、A。异常黑胆质人群Ace基因rs4353位点GG基因型频率(χ2=9.14,P=0.01)及等位基因G频率(χ2=8.16,P=0.01),rs8075924位点等位基因C基因频率(χ2=6.11,P=0.04)均高于正常体液人群,异常黑蛋质组高于正常体液组,差异有统计学意义。两组单倍型比较,rs4461142和rs4353位点A C单倍型分布频率异常黑胆质人群明显高于正常体液人群(χ2=10.33,P=0.001)。结论 Ace基因rs4353位点多态性,rs4461142和rs4353位点A G单倍与异常黑胆质有关联。     

CD209、CD209L基因多态性与HBV宫内感染的关系研究

目的探讨CD209、CD209L基因多态性与HBV宫内感染的关系。方法选取2016年5月-2017年8月在该院分娩的乙肝大三阳孕妇90例,分为观察组(宫内感染) 41例和对照组(无宫内感染) 49例,检测两组CD209 SNP位点(rs2287887)和CD209L SNP位点(rs11260029)多态性。结果 CD209 SNP位点(rs2287887)基因型分别为AA型、AC型和CC型; CD209L SNP位点(rs11260029)基因型分别为CC型、CT型和TT型;观察组和对照组CD209 SNP位点(rs2287887)基因型和等位基因分布比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其中观察组CC基因型和等位基因C比例分别为39.02%和57.32%;观察组和对照组CD209L SNP位点(rs11260029)基因型和等位基因分布比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其中观察组CC基因型和等位基因C比例分别为26.83%和45.12%。结论 CD209 SNP位点(rs2287887)和CD209L SNP位点(rs11260029)基因多态性可能与HBV宫内感染有一定关系。     

孕激素受体基因多态性与复发性流产易感性关系

目的:探讨孕激素受体(PGR)基因多态性与复发性流产易感性的相关性。方法:选取2016年1月30日—2019年5月30日本院收治的复发性流产孕妇110例(流产组),同期常规产前检查正常妊娠女性110例为正常组,检测两组PGR基因rs590688、rs1942836单核甘酸多态性,并分析其与复发性流产的相关性。结果:流产组rs590688、rs1942836 CC、rs1942836 TC基因型频率均高于正常组,rs1942836 TT基因型频率低于正常组,rs590688及rs1942836 C等位基因频率均高于正常组(均P0.05)。rs590688 CC基因型(OR=2.05,P0.05)、rs1942836 TC基因型以及CC基因型者(OR=1.35、2.88,P0.05)发生复发性流产风险增加。结论:PGR基因rs590688、rs1942836位点多态性与复发性流产易感性显著相关,CC基因型发生复发性流产风险增加。     

腺苷酸环化酶3基因多态性与儿童肥胖的相关性分析

目的探讨腺苷酸环化酶3(ADCY3)基因多态性与儿童肥胖的相关性。方法选取2016年6月—2020年6月于天津市第四中心医院收集的88例单纯性肥胖患儿作为研究对象(观察组);另选取同期在医院做体检的健康儿童95例作为对照组。收集所有研究对象的一般资料;采用连接酶检测反应技术进行单核苷酸多态性分型检测;平衡程度采用Hardy-Weinbery平衡检测;儿童肥胖的影响因素采用logistic回归分析。结果ADCY3基因rs10187348位点基因型包括野生纯合型(GG基因型)、突变杂合型(CG基因型)及突变纯合型(CC基因型);rs4665273位点基因型包括野生纯合型(CC基因型)、突变杂合型(CT基因型)及突变纯合型(TT基因型)。各基因型分布频率服从Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律。与对照组相比,观察组ADCY3基因rs10187348位点CG、CC基因型及C等位基因频率显著升高(P<0.05);rs4665273位点CT、TT基因型及T等位基因频率显著升高(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析显示ADCY3基因rs10187348位点杂合子CG型、纯合子突变CC型及rs4665273位点杂合子CT型、纯合子TT型是儿童肥胖发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论血浆中ADCY3基因rs10187348位点杂合子CG型、纯合子突变CC型及rs4665273位点杂合子CT型、纯合子TT型与儿童肥胖的发生密切相关,可导致儿童肥胖风险增高。     

硒蛋白S基因多态性与布鲁氏菌病遗传易感性的关联性

目的 检测内蒙古包头地区布鲁氏菌病患者硒蛋白S（selenoprotein S,SelS）基因rs28665122、rs34713741位点基因型和等位基因分布频率,探讨SelS基因多态性与本地区布鲁氏菌病患者遗传易感性的关联性。方法 采用一种快速点突变检测技术-等位基因特异性PCR（allele - specific PCR,AS - PCR）技术检测32例慢性期布鲁氏菌病患者和30例健康对照者SelS基因（rs28665122、rs34713741）基因型和等位基因分布频率。结果 布鲁氏菌病患者组与对照组SelS基因rs28665122位点GG、GA、AA基因型及G、A等位基因频率比较无统计学差异（χ2分别为0.203,0.852,均P＞0.05 ）;rs34713741位点CT、CC、TT基因型和C、T等位基因分布频率比较存在统计学差异（χ2分别为9.209,6.580,均P＜0.05）,与C等位基因相比,携带T等位基因者感染布鲁氏菌风险增高3.194倍（OR = 3.194,95%CI:1.489～6.847）,与CC基因型相比,CT和TT基因型者感染布鲁氏菌风险均增高（OR = 3.273,95%CI:0.876～12.223;OR = 4.364,95%CI:1.217～15.641）。结论 本地区布鲁氏菌病与SelS基因rs34713741位点基因多态性有关联,T等位基因可能是其风险易感基因。     

低氧诱导因子1α基因多态性与重症感染急性肾损伤的关系

目的分析身体质量指数(BMI)及低氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)基因多态性与重症感染患者急性肾损伤(AKI)的关系。方法选择2017年1月-2019年6月廊坊市人民医院诊治的122例重症感染患者,根据是否并发AKI将患者分为AKI组(n=53)和非AKI组(n=69),比较两组患者BMI,检测HIF-1α基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点多态性,并分析BMI以及HIF-1α基因多态性与重症感染患者并发AKI的关系。结果 AKI组BMI高于非AKI组(P0.05);AKI组HIF-1α基因rs11549465位点CC基因型分布频率和C等位基因频率低于非AKI组(P0.05),CT+TT基因型分布频率和T等位基因频率高于非AKI组(P0.05);AKI组HIF-1α基因rs11549467位点GG基因型分布频率和G等位基因频率低于非AKI组(P0.05),GA+AA基因型分布频率和A等位基因频率高于非AKI组(P0.05);在超显性、显性模型下,AKI组HIF-1α基因rs11549465、rs11549467位点各基因型分布频率与非AKI组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),分别与CC、GG基因型比较,CT+TT、GA+AA基因型重症感染患者并发AKI风险增加;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,BMI、HIF-1α基因rs11549465位点CT+TT基因型、rs11549467位点GA+AA基因型是影响重症感染患者AKI发生的危险因素。结论 BMI指数以及HIF-1α基因rs11549465位点CT+TT基因型和rs11549467位点GA+AA基因型可能会增加重症感染患者并发AKI的风险。     

二肽基肽酶9基因单核苷酸多态性与煤工尘肺的相关性

目的探讨二肽基肽酶9基因(DPP9)rs12610495位点单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与唐山地区汉族人群煤工尘肺(CWP)的相关性。方法采用基质辅助激光解吸电离子飞行时间质谱技术(MALDI-TOF MS)对652例CWP患者和648例接尘健康对照者DPP9基因的rs12610495位点分型,采用PLink 1.07软件对SNP位点基因型和等位基因频率及遗传模型进行分析。结果与对照组比较,CWP组DPP9基因rs12610495位点的基因型和等位基因频率均无明显变化,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.731、0.565,P0.05)。遗传模型分析显示,DPP9基因rs12610495位点在相加、显性及隐性三种遗传模型下的基因型分布比较,差异均无统计学意义(OR=1.087、0.987、1.964,95%CI=0.870~1.358、0.659~1.478、0.527~7.314,P均0.05)。结论 DPP9基因rs12610495位点单核苷酸多态性可能与唐山地区汉族人群CWP的易感性无关。     

酒依赖共病双相障碍患者暴力攻击行为与GluR6基因多态性关联分析

目的探讨谷氨酸受体-6基因rs6922753、rs2227283多态性与酒依赖共病双相障碍患者暴力攻击行为之间的关系。方法入组对象按照民族及有无暴力攻击行为分组。采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)产物直接测序的方法检测424例酒依赖共病双相障碍患者GluR6基因rs6922753、rs2227283多态性分布。应用SPSS17.0软件包分析基因多态性与酒依赖合并双相障碍导致的暴力攻击行为的相关性。结果汉族与维吾尔族酒依赖共病双相障碍患者有暴力攻击行为组与无暴力攻击行为组rs6922753位点等位基因频率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.261,P=0.262;χ~2=0.315,P=0.574)。两民族两组rs6922753位点基因型频率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.383,P=0.501;χ~2=0.346,P=0.841)。汉族与维吾尔族酒依赖共病双相障碍患者有暴力攻击行为组与无暴力攻击行为组rs2227283位点等位基因频率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.114,P=0.735;χ~2=0.128,P=0.721)。两民族两组rs2227283位点基因型频率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.169,P=0.919;χ~2=0.123,P=0.940)。结论酒依赖共病双相障碍患者暴力攻击行为与谷氨酸受体6 rs6922753、rs2227283两位点基因多态性可能不具有关联性。     

miR-196a2和miR-149单核苷酸多态性与缺血性脑卒中的相关性分析

目的分析miR-196a2 rs11614913和miR-149 rs2292832单核苷酸多态性与缺血性脑卒中的相关性。方法选取378例缺血性脑卒中患者为病例组,378名经性别和年龄匹配且未患缺血性脑卒中的正常体检者为对照组,收集两组一般体检资料并采用Taqman-PCR和DNA直接测序技术检测两组miR-196a2 rs11614913和miR-149 rs2292832位点基因型和等位基因频率,采用Gen AIEx 6.5软件进行哈代-温伯尔遗传平衡定律分析,采用条件Logistic回归分析上述位点与缺血性脑卒中发病风险的关系。结果病例组患有糖尿病、高血压、体质指数≥24 kg/m2及血脂代谢异常患者比例均高于对照组(P0.01)。miR-196a2 rs11614913位点等位基因C、基因型TC和CC与缺血性脑卒中均无统计学关联(P0.05),miR-149 rs2292832与缺血性脑卒中在等位基因模型(C vs.T:P=0.026,OR=1.269,95%CI=1.031~1.569)、共显模型(CC vs.TT:P=0.011,OR=1.812,95%CI=1.150~2.850)和隐性模型(CC vs.TC+TT:P=0.008,OR=1.739,95%CI=1.142~2.647)与缺血性脑卒中相关。结论 miR-149 rs2292832位点与缺血性脑卒中相关,提示此位点可能参与缺血性脑卒中的发病过程,是遗传风险易感位点。     

BRCA1 Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Epidemiology in the Western New York Exposures and Breast Cancer (WEB) Study

Results of studies for the association of BRCA1 genotypes and haplotypes with sporadic breast cancer have been inconsistent. Therefore, a candidate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) approach was used in a breast cancer case‐control study to explore genotypes and haplotypes that have the potential to affect protein functions or levels. In a breast cancer case‐control study, genotyping of BRCA1 polymorphisms Q356R, D693N, and E1038G was performed on 1,005 cases and 1,765 controls. Unconditional, polytomous logistic regression and χ²‐tests were used to examine the associations of breast cancer with genotypes and haplotypes. In addition, interactions between genotype and smoking, benign breast disease, family history of breast cancer, body mass index (BMI), alcohol consumption, and hormonal risk factors, hormone receptor status, and breast cancer pathology were calculated also using logistic regression and χ². Although sporadic breast cancer was not associated with BRCA1 genotypes or haplotypes overall or by menopausal status, there was evidence of an interaction between the E1038G BRCA1 genotype, smoking, and BMI among premenopausal women (P for interaction = 0.01 and 0.045, respectively) and between E1038G and D693N BRCA1 genotypes and hormone therapy use among postmenopausal women (P for interaction = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively). There were no other associations found between BRCA1 genotypes and stage, histological grade, or nuclear grade. However, the D693N SNP was associated with the risk of triple negative breast cancer (odds ratio = 2.31 95% confidence interval 1.08–4.93). The BRCA1 variants studied may play a role in the etiology of triple negative breast cancer and may interact with environmental factors such as hormone therapy or smoking and increase sporadic breast cancer risk.     

乳腺癌易感基因1在散发性乳腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的 研究乳腺癌易感基因1(BRCA1)在散发性乳腺癌中的表达与各病理学指标之间的相关性.方法 应用SABC免疫组化染色法对30例乳腺纤维腺瘤和42例乳腺癌患者的病变组织中BRCA1的表达进行检测,并与腋窝淋巴结转移、肿瘤大小、组织学类型和组织学分级进行相关分析.结果 BRCA1在乳腺纤维腺瘤中的阳性表达率为85.7%(36/42),在乳腺癌中的阳性表达率为52.4%(22/42),乳腺癌中腋窝有淋巴结转移的BRCA1阳性表达率明显低于无淋巴结转移的BRCA1阳性表达率(P<0.05),BRCA1在乳腺癌中的阳性表达率随着组织学分级的升高有逐渐下降趋势,其中Ⅰ级和Ⅲ级、Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),Ⅰ级与Ⅱ级比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),BRCA1的表达与肿瘤的组织学类型、肿块大小无关(P值均>0.05).结论 BRCA1在乳腺癌的发生、发展过程中有重要的作用,它有可能成为临床对乳腺癌治疗和判断预后的一个生物学指标.     

Risk models for familial ovarian and breast cancer

We investigated risk models for the inherited susceptibility of breast and ovarian cancer, using data from both high-risk families and a population based series of ovarian cancer. The first data set consisted of 112 families containing two or more relatives with epithelial ovarian cancer. BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations were detected in 50% of these families. The second study involved 374 ovarian cancer cases, unselected for family history, who had DNA samples analyzed for BRCA1 mutations. Twelve women were found to be carriers. We constructed genetic models for ovarian and breast cancer using the computer program MENDEL. In the first study, we modeled the effects of BRCA1 and BRCA2 simultaneously and allowed for a third gene predisposing to ovarian cancer. None of the models fitted gave significant evidence for a third gene. Population frequencies of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations were estimated to be 0. 00128 and 0.00172, respectively. Our results suggest that BRCA1 and BRCA2 may be sufficient to explain the majority of familial ovarian cancer and that families without mutations can be explained by sensitivity of mutation testing and chance clusters of sporadic cases. Using data on the families of the 12 mutation carriers in the second study, we estimated age-specific ovarian and breast cancer risks for BRCA1 mutation carriers. Under the best-fitting model, the cumulative ovarian cancer risk was 66% by age 70, and the corresponding breast cancer risk was 45%. The high penetrance estimate for ovarian cancer, compared with other studies, suggests that modifying genetic or environmental factors may be important determinants of risk.     

Management of hereditary ovarian cancer

Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes account for the majority of hereditary breast and ovarian cancers. Approximately 10% of cases of ovarian cancer are due to germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. Ovarian cancer associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations has a distinct histological phenotype. This type of cancer is predominantly of serous or endometrioid histology and is high grade. Patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations should be offered risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy by age 40 years, or when childbearing is complete. Nowadays there are no differences between the treatments provided for sporadic and hereditary ovarian cancer, although there are indications that targeted therapy is effective in women with BRCA1/BRCA2-associated tumors. Retrospective studies reveal a high level of sensitivity to platinum agents in BRCA-associated tumors and initial trials show good efficacy and tolerability for polyADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors in mutation carriers with advanced ovarian cancers. These agents might also potentially be used in chemoprevention. Authors review the current management of hereditary ovarian cancer.     

BRCA1 R841W: A strong candidate for a common mutation with moderate phenotype

BRCA1 mutations cause increased risk for breast and ovarian cancer, frequently of early onset. Many different mutations occur in BRCA1, including several examples of recurrent mutations, each of which accounts for a significant number of families with heritable cancer predisposition. These common mutations have an etiological role in many breast and ovarian cancer cases and provide the opportunity to examine genotype-phenotype correlations and genotype-environment interactions in individuals with the identical BRCA1 lesion. We report a novel missense change in BRCA1, 2640 C→T (R841W), found in 3 cases from a subject group of 305 breast and 79 ovarian cancer cases from Orange County, CA. These are consecutive, population-based cases not selected for age or family history. In all three cases, there is a strong family history of breast, ovarian, or other cancers possibly related to a BRCA1 defect and family members showed a high concordance of cancer incidence with the presence of R841W. The age of cancer onset was not always distinct from typical sporadic cases. Testing of a sample of 413 unrelated individuals to examine the hypothesis that R841W might be a rare polymorphism detected one additional instance in a woman with breast cancer diagnosed at age 77 years, and cancer in one parent. R841W is likely to be an etiologically significant lesion with involvement in close to 1% (95% confidence interval 0–1.7%) of all breast and ovarian cancers in this population. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Association of Vitamin D Receptor and Vitamin D-Binding Protein Polymorphisms with Familial Breast Cancer Prognosis in a Mono-Institutional Cohort

Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) has been associated with an increased cancer incidence and poorer prognosis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and vitamin D binding protein (GC gene) may interfere with vitamin D activity. This study assesses the role of VDR and GC SNPs on breast cancer (BC) recurrence and survival in a cohort of patients with a family history of breast cancer, without the pathogenic variant for BRCA1 and BRCA2. A consecutive series of patients who underwent genetic testing were genotyped for VDR and GC genes. Specifically, ApaI, FokI, TaqI, BsmI and rs2282679, rs4588, rs7041 SNPs were determined. A total of 368 wild type (WT) patients with BC were analyzed for VDR and GC SNPs. The GC rs2282679 minor allele was significantly associated with luminal subtype of the primary tumor compared to Her2+/TN breast cancer (p = 0.007). Multivariate Cox models showed that BmsI and TaqI are significantly associated with BC outcome. Patients with the major alleles showed more than 30% lower hazard of relapse (BsmI p = 0.02 and TaqI p = 0.03). Our study supports the evidence for a pivotal role of 25OHD metabolism in BC. GC SNPs may influence the hormone tumor responsiveness and VDR may affect tumor prognosis.     

SNP Set Association Testing for Survival Outcomes in the Presence of Intrafamilial Correlation

In this work, we propose a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) set association test for censored phenotypes in the presence of a family‐based design. The proposed test is valid for both common and rare variants. A proportional hazards Cox model is specified for the marginal distribution of the trait and the familial dependence is modeled via a Gaussian copula. Censored values are treated as partially missing data and a multiple imputation procedure is proposed in order to compute the test statistics. The P‐value is then deduced analytically. The finite‐sample empirical properties of the proposed method are evaluated and compared to existing competitors by simulations and its use is illustrated using a breast cancer data set from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1 and BRCA2.     

Evidence for further breast cancer susceptibility genes in addition to BRCA1 and BRCA2 in a population-based study.

We used data from a population based series of breast cancer patients to investigate the genetic models that can best explain familial breast cancer not due to the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. The data set consisted of 1,484 women diagnosed with breast cancer under age 55 registered in the East Anglia Cancer registry between 1991-1996. Blood samples taken from the patients were analysed for mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. The genetic models were constructed using information on breast and ovarian cancer history in first-degree relatives and on the mutation status of the index patients. We estimated the simultaneous effects of BRCA1, BRCA2, a third hypothetical gene BRCA3, and a polygenic effect. The models were assessed by likelihood comparisons and by comparison of the observed numbers of mutations and affected relatives with the predicted numbers. BRCA1 and BRCA2 could not explain all the familial clustering of breast cancer. The best-fitting single gene model for BRCA3 was a recessive model with a disease allele frequency 24% and penetrance 42% by age 70. However, a polygenic model gave a similarly good fit. The estimated population frequencies for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations were similar under both recessive and polygenic models, 0.024 and 0.041%, respectively. A dominant model for BRCA3 gave a somewhat worse fit, although the difference was not significant. The mixed recessive model was identical to the recessive model and the mixed dominant very similar to the polygenic model. The BRCA3 genetic models were robust to the BRCA1 and BRCA2 penetrance assumptions. The overall fit of all models was improved when the known effects of parity on breast and ovarian cancer risks were included in the model-in this case a polygenic model fits best. These findings suggest that a number of common, low-penetrance genes with additive effects may account for the residual non-BRCA1/2 familial aggregation of breast cancer, but Mendelian inheritance of an autosomal recessive allele cannot be ruled out.