蛋白质组学在肺癌相关标志物挖掘中的应用

肺癌是全球发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤,其5年生存率仅为15%,但早期诊断出的肺癌患者5年生存率可达52%。缺乏早期诊断及有效治疗手段使得肺癌的死亡率很高。因此,寻找新的早期诊断和预后标志物为治疗打开新途径迫在眉睫。蛋白质组学技术具有足够的灵敏度,特异性和可重复性,它正成为肺癌生物标志物和治疗靶点研究的一个重要工具。本文就近年来肺癌的蛋白质组学研究进展包括肺癌的预防、早期诊断和治疗方法等进行综述。     

且看后现代医学

经过三百年的发展,自然科学正在从机械论科学向系统论科学转变,自然科学的主要研究方法开始从还原论向整体观转变。1906年法国学者贝纳尔发现,液体加热时的自组织现象称贝纳尔对流,1969年,比利时物理学家普里戈金在贝纳尔对     

关于中西医结合的方法论

目的 中医学与现代西医学尽管体系各异，但各有优胜之处，它们是互补的，结合在一起能促进医学的发展。方法比较还原论与系统论的异同。结果40多年来，中西医结合取得了许多重大的成果，促进了我国医学的发展。结论中西医结合有效地．把现代医学的研究方法。即分析与综合相结合的方法引入了中医理法方药的研究。     

蛋白质组学在卵巢癌肿瘤标志物研究中的应用与进展

<正>蛋白质组学是后基因组时代的一个重要内容,其理论与技术的发展和完善为人类疾病的研究带来了新的思维方式。蛋白质组学的主要研究内容可分为表达蛋白质组学和功能蛋白质组学,其研究范围目前已广泛深入到了生命科学与医药     

重审社会医学与生物心理社会医学模式的关系——兼评社会医学研究方法的局限性

医学界至今一直认为社会医学与生物心理社会医学模式是内在统一的.然而,如果我们从方法论的视角考察将会发现,社会医学依旧是还原论的,而生物心理社会医学模式则是系统论的,两者完全对立.欲使社会医学真正皈依生物心理社会医学模式,社会医学必须从目前的对社会要素与疾病、健康之间的关系研究深入到疾病、健康与社会结构及其变迁方式之间的关系研究.     

079 毒理蛋白质组学研究进展

蛋白质组学技术应用于毒理学研究而发展起来的毒理蛋白质组学包括机制性研究与生物标志物研究两方面的内容。近年来,毒理蛋白质组学发展迅速,在肝毒性、肾毒性、生态毒性、药物毒性、神经毒性等毒理学分支的机制与生物标志物研究中均取得了显著的成绩,并且其实验体系也日趋完善与成熟。     

毒理蛋白质组学研究进展

蛋白质组学技术应用于毒理学研究而发展起来的毒理蛋白质组学包括机制性研究与生物标志物研究两方面的内容。近年来,毒理蛋白质组学发展迅速,在肝毒性、肾毒性、生态毒性、药物毒性、神经毒性等毒理学分支的机制与生物标志物研究中均取得了显著的成绩,并且其实验体系也日趋完善与成熟。     

浅谈人类行为的复杂性对医学伦理行为的影响

人类行为的复杂性是由于人的行为具有二重性,且受环境、信息和角色等外部因素的影响;同时,人的行为是整个社会行为系统的外在表现,这个系统是非线性的,具有复杂系统的因果非等当性。人类社会是复杂的,而复杂的人类行为是社会复杂性的根源之一。管理的核心是人的问题,管理的难度在于人的行为的复杂性。采取还原论的方法,根据需求—动机—行为模式研究人类行为,采取系统论的方法,研究和探讨人类行为对医学伦理行为的影响。     

蛋白质组学在感染性疾病中的应用研究进展

蛋白质组学是一门研究蛋白质结构和功能的科学,双向凝胶电泳技术和质谱技术是蛋白质组学的核心技术,蛋白质组学技术的快速发展和广泛应用明显加快了人类感染性疾病发病机制的阐明以及诊断、治疗等研究的进程.此文主要对蛋白质组学在感染性疾病的发病机制、诊断、治疗中的应用进行综述.     

蛋白质组学在感染性疾病中的应用研究进展

蛋白质组学是一门研究蛋白质结构和功能的科学,双向凝胶电泳技术和质谱技术是蛋白质组学的核心技术,蛋白质组学技术的快速发展和广泛应用明显加快了人类感染性疾病发病机制的阐明以及诊断、治疗等研究的进程.此文主要对蛋白质组学在感染性疾病的发病机制、诊断、治疗中的应用进行综述.     

蛋白质组学在卵巢癌生物标志物筛选中的应用

基因的功能主要是通过其表达的蛋白质来实现的,因此以蛋白质为研究对象的蛋白质组学在生命科学研究中有重要的地位。近年来,应用蛋白质组学技术分析卵巢癌的发生、发展过程中蛋白表达谱的变化,为寻找卵巢癌特异性标志物并探讨其发病机制带来了新的希望,并已取得了一定的进展,该文就此进行简要综述。     

肺癌表遗传学研究进展

表遗传学机制在肺癌的形成中占据重要地位,包括DNA的甲基化和组蛋白修饰,肺癌中与癌形成有关基因的失活多与异常甲基化有关,并且组蛋白修饰和甲基化紧密联系着。表遗传学改变多发生在肺癌早期,使得它成为肺癌化学预防的优良指标,了解肺癌表遗传现象的机制及其与传统遗传学的相互作用关系将有利于发现安全、高效的化学预防药物。     

肺癌组织miR-125b-1基因突变的初步分析

[目的]检测miR-125b-1基因在人肺癌组织中的突变情况,以探讨该基因在肺癌发生发展中的作用.[方法]采用聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性分析(polymerase chain reaction and single-strand conformation polymorphism, PCR-SSCP)检测肺癌原发灶癌组织miR-125b-1基因突变情况.[结果]miR-125b-1在癌旁正常肺组织中未发现异常,在肺癌组织中存在基因突变,突变率33.1%(40/121例),miR-125b-1基因突变与与癌的淋巴结转移及临床分期呈显著相关,Spearman相关分析显示两者呈显著正相关.与其他临床病理特征无关.[结论]肺癌组织中存在着miR-125b-1基因突变,miR-125b-1基因突变在肺癌的发生发展中可能起着重要作用.     

How to improve reliability and efficiency of research about molecular markers: roles of phases, guidelines, and study design

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The search for molecular markers for cancer, using "discovery-based" techniques, has resulted in claims of a very high degree of discrimination both for cancer diagnosis (e.g., serum proteomics patterns) and prognosis (e.g., RNA expression genomic signatures). However, many promising initial results have been found to be unreliable or not reproducible, and the larger process of discovery can seem slow and inefficient. To improve the process to develop molecular markers, proposals to use "phases" and "guidelines" have been made, based on experience with the process of drug development and randomized controlled clinical trials. The objective is to help improve the reliability and efficiency of development of molecular markers for cancer diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: The literature was searched to identify important current problems (in serum proteomics for cancer diagnosis and RNA expression genomics for cancer prognosis) are identified, and the roles of tools ("phases," "guidelines," and "study design") to address those problems are considered. Based on lessons learned, approaches for the future are discussed, some of which may seem "radical" compared with drug development. RESULTS: Phases identify and organize questions to be addressed by individual studies. Guidelines identify features of design and conduct to be reported so that each study's reliability can be judged. Study design involves the myriad details and choices involved in actual planning and conduct of a study. Study design is most important in the sense of determining whether a study is reliable or not. Studies that are unreliable, because of problems from chance and bias, constitute a major current problem leading to inflated expectations, wasted effort, and inefficiency in the larger process of development. By considering fundamental principles, it may be possible to identify approaches that are different than those used in drug development, while preserving reliability and efficiency. CONCLUSION: Phases and guidelines have important roles, but issues in study design address the fundamental problems that compromise reliability and efficiency. Tools to study markers are underdeveloped and will evolve over time, perhaps to include seemingly radical approaches.     

肺癌及癌旁组织中微量元素含量分析

目的 :探讨肺癌患者的癌、癌旁和正常组织中微量元素含量的变化。方法 :收集 2 0例肺癌患者癌组织、癌旁组织及正常组织 ,用等离子体发射光谱仪测定Se、Zn、Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn含量。结果 :肺癌患者的正常组织、癌旁组织、癌组织Se、Zn、Mg的含量和Se/Zn的比值逐渐降低 ,但Cu、Fe、Mn的含量和Cu/Zn、Fe/Zn、Mn/Zn的比值则相反而逐渐升高 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :微量元素含量的变化与肺癌发生、发展有一定的关系 ,对癌变过程的研究和临床治疗的指导具有重要意义     

在线肺癌病例数据库系统的建立

目的为了进行临床与科研工作时能够及时获取关联信息,建立一个在线肺癌病例数据库,便于肺癌临床流行病学及疗效预后等统计分析。方法在对本院肺癌病例数据信息的汇总、分类与分析基础上,通过迭代的需求分析,设计出基于B/S(浏览器/服务器)模式,以PHP+Apache+Mysql为核心软件技术的在线肺癌病例数据库管理平台,并录入本院近十年的肺癌病例基本信息及相关临床资料。结果建成一个人机界面友好、肺癌病例数据丰富的包含有血清及组织标本库的在线肺癌病例数据库系统。结论在线肺癌病例数据库数据全面、应用面广、专业性强、可扩展性好,不仅有助于医疗人员对肺癌病例信息的管理与查询,更有助于对肺癌病例的分析与数据挖掘研究。     

蛋白质组学创新人才培养体系建立的实践和体会

在系统总结军事医学科学院在蛋白质组学学科创建、发展和创新人才培养体系建立的实践经验和应用成效的基础上,初步探讨了蛋白质组学科研教学培训的新体系和创新人才及团队培养的新模式,为推动我国蛋白质组学发展发挥了重要作用.     

MicroRNAs in lung cancer

MicroRNAs have become recognized as key players in the development of cancer. They are a family of small non-coding RNAs that can negatively regulate the expression of cancer-related genes by sequence-selective targeting of mRNAs, leading to either mRNA degradation or translational repression. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide with a substantially low survival rate. MicroRNAs have been confirmed to play roles in lung cancer development, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and response to therapy. They are also being studied for their future use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and as potential therapeutic targets. In this review we focus on the role of dysregulated microRNA expression in lung tumorigenesis. We also discuss the role of microRNAs in therapeutic resistance and as biomarkers. We further look into the progress made and challenges remaining in using microRNAs for therapy in lung cancer.     

Metal concentrations in lung tissue of subjects suffering from lung cancer

Summary Concentrations of nine metals (Fe, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Co, Ni, Pb and Cr) concentrations in lung tissues from 224 lung cancer cases were compared with those in other cases to achieve an understanding of their contribution to the development of lung cancer and the varieties after the development of cancer. Comparisons of metal concentrations in each cell type of lung cancer were also performed. All cases were collected from routine autopsies in Tokyo and Saitama, Japan. The copper concentration in tissue from lung cancers was significantly higher than that in other specimens, although calcium, magnesium, zinc and cobalt concentrations in lung cancers were significantly lower than those in other cases. There were no significant differences in the 99% intervals (excluding extremely high values for occupationally exposed cases) for chromium, nickel and lead concentrations between lung cancers and other cases, although these values were lower in lung cancers. However, in comparisons of men only, the chromium concentration, the degree of lung contamination and the severity of pulmonary emphysema in lung cancer cases were significantly higher than those in other specimens. Moreover, percentages of lung cancer in men at each degree of contamination and each severity of emphysema increased with increasing grades. Thus, this finding could be evidence that the exposure to contaminants other than chromium and nickel in the air had affected the development of lung cancer, except for occupationally exposed individuals. Therefore, almost all chromium and nickel in lung tissue might not deposit in carcinogenic forms such as hexavalent chromium or nickel subsulfide. Comparison of the characteristics in each cell type of lung cancer revealed that calcium and chromium concentrations in lung tissue (not including tumor) or squamous cell carcinomas were higher than those in the other cell types. In small cell carcinomas, calcium magnesium and zinc concentrations were low.     

Tobacco habits and risk of lung, oropharyngeal and oral cavity cancer: a population-based case-control study in Bhopal, India

BACKGROUND: Tobacco habits in India are unique and vary in different regions. Few studies, and none from central India, have reported on type of tobacco used and risk of the most common cancer types in India. We conducted a population-based case-control study to evaluate the risk of tobacco particularly bidi smoking and tobacco quid chewing on the most common cancer sites among males in Bhopal. METHODS: In all, 163 lung, 247 oropharyngeal and 148 oral cavity cancer cases from the Population-Based Cancer Registry records and 260 controls randomly selected from a tobacco survey conducted in the Bhopal population formed the study population. RESULTS: A significant risk of bidi and cigarette smoking with a dose-response relationship was observed for lung and oropharyngeal cancer. Tobacco quid chewing showed no risk for lung, marginally increased risk for oropharyngeal and about a sixfold increased risk for oral cavity cancer. Population-attributable risk per cent (PARP) was observed to be 82.7% and 71.6% for smokers for the development of lung and oropharyngeal cancer, while the same was found to be 66.1% for tobacco chewers for the development of oral cavity cancer. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide strong evidence that smoking bidi is even more hazardous than cigarette smoking in the development of lung and oropharyngeal cancer. An intervention study to prevent the use of tobacco will be useful in this population as it also underwent gas exposure due to a chemical accident in 1984.