淘汰与非淘汰制班护生抑郁焦虑情绪比较

目的 了解学校引入淘汰机制和未引入淘汰机制下护生的抑郁焦虑情况。方法 采用抑郁自评量表（SDS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）对中等专业卫生学校英语护理专业淘汰制班（57名）和未实施淘汰制班（58名）护生进行抑郁焦虑调查。结果 淘汰制班护生抑郁发生率为50．88％，非淘汰制班为31．03％．两班比较．差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）；焦虑发生率分别为24．56％、12．07％，两班比较，差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。结论 淘汰制班护生抑郁情绪障碍显著高于非淘汰制班，学校教育引入竞争淘汰机制要考虑给驴生身心健康带来的负面影响。     

考试方法改革对高职护生焦虑抑郁情绪的影响

目的 探讨改革考试方法 对高职护生在考试应激状态下焦虑、抑郁情绪的影响.方法 将193名护生按班级随机分成对照组(108名)和观察组(85名),对照组采用传统考试方法 ,即以期末考试成绩评价护生学习成绩;观察组采用改革后的考试方法 ,即护生学习成绩由出勤、课堂表现、作业成绩、平时成绩以及期末考试成绩按比例综合而成.在期末考试前1周应用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组进行焦虑、抑郁情绪评估.结果 观察组焦虑、抑郁程度及评分显著轻于和低于对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 综合学习态度及过程成绩的考试方法 减轻了护生考期焦虑和抑郁情绪.     

实习末期高护生焦虑状况与个性特征调查分析

目的探讨护生实习末期的焦虑状况,寻找缓解其压力的方法.方法采用焦虑自评量表和个性测试问卷在实习末期对150名高护生进行问卷调查.结果实习末期高护生焦虑平均分为48.16±8.27,焦虑检出率为37.33%;焦虑得分本科生显著高于大专生(P<0.05);不同个性特征高护生的焦虑表现程度存在差异(P<0.05,P<0.01). 结论实习末期高护生焦虑状况较为严重,除实习本身外,就业压力为其主要原因.只有加强临床带教力量,培养高护生掌握有效的沟通技能,加强护生的心理健康教育,确立护生正确的择业观和职业生涯规划,建立针对性的支持系统,才能降低高护生焦虑发生率,确保实习效果.     

晚期肿瘤患者家属负性情绪及应对方式调查分析

目的 探讨晚期肿瘤患者家属的焦虑、抑郁情绪及采取的应对方式,以指导心理干预,提高其生活质量.方法 选用Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS),简易应对方式量表(SCSQ)对236名晚期肿瘤患者家属(观察组)和236名慢性病患者家属(对照组)进行调查.结果 观察组SAS和SDS评分与对照组和国内常模比较,差异有显著性意义(均P＜0.01);观察组积极应对和消极应对总分与对照组比较,差异无显著性意义(均P＞0.05).观察组SDS评分与积极应对分呈负相关(P＜0.01).结论 晚期肿瘤患者家属多伴有焦虑和抑郁情绪,并受多种因素影响,帮助他们改善应对方式,可以提高生活质量.     

普外科患者手术前后焦虑抑郁症状及其相关性研究

目的探讨手术与焦虑、抑郁之间的联系,以及焦虑和抑郁的关联状况。方法手术前后1d及术后3d应用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)对患者进行评估。结果手术前后患者的焦虑和抑郁水平均高于常模,手术前后焦虑和抑郁发生率及其程度比较,差异无显著性意义(均P>0.05),而焦虑和抑郁呈中等相关(r=0.66,P<0.01)。结论焦虑和抑郁症状不因手术结束而减弱或消失,应及时提供心理干预,尤其注重焦虑和抑郁两者并存患者的干预。     

某医学院93名男护生心理问题调研与分析

目的:了解护理专业男生心理问题现状,分析其存在的问题,探讨解决的方法.方法:采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和自制调查表对某医学院93名男护生和1 20名女护生进行调查分析.结果:①SCL结果:男护生在强迫、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、妄想5因子得分高于女护生,其它因子得分无显著性差异.②自制量表:与女护生相比,男护生在社会压力、环境、工作内容、工资待遇方面有较大压力,在掌握专业知识、自身动手能力、就业、孤独感方面压力较小.结论:男护生心理问题不容忽视,应及时采取干预措施提高其角色适应能力,缓解各种心理压力,强化临床男护士形象,以促进其良好心理的发展.     

冠心病患者情绪状态的调查分析

目的分析冠心病患者的情绪状态。方法采用Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)以及特质焦虑问卷(TAI),对综合性医院心血管内科住院的101例冠心病患者进行调查。结果住院冠心病患者抑郁症状发生率(77.23%)高于焦虑症状发生率(20.79%),两者比较,差异有显著性意义(χ2=73.35,P<0.01);不同文化程度患者SDS总分、不同经济收入患者SAS总分比较,差异有显著性意义(均P<0.05);年龄、性别、医疗付费方式等因素对SAS、SDS总分的影响不明显。结论冠心病患者的情绪障碍严重,对冠心病患者进行心理干预,改善其负性情绪十分必要。     

骨肿瘤患者情感障碍相关因素调查分析

目的 了解骨肿瘤患者抑郁、焦虑情绪的发生率,并对其相关因素进行分析.方法 对210例骨肿瘤住院患者,应用抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA)和自行设计的情感障碍影响因素调查表,进行情感状况及其相关因素的调查和分析.结果 骨肿瘤患者抑郁和焦虑的发生率分别为52.9%和21.4%;患者的SDS、SAS标准分显著高于常模(均P＜0.01);不同病期骨肿瘤患者的情感障碍阳性率比较,差异有显著性意义(均P＜0.01).影响骨肿瘤患者的情感因素诸多,但以对医疗费用(73.3%)、治疗效果的担心(62.9%)最为显著.结论 骨肿瘤患者情绪障碍严重,应及早给予心理干预和必要的社会支持,以提高患者的治疗效果及生存质量.     

150例急性肠套叠患儿家属焦虑抑郁情绪的相关因素分析及护理干预

目的:调查分析住院解肠套叠住院患儿家属焦虑与抑郁患病情况及其相关的影响因素.方法:收集中国医科大学附属盛京医院小儿外科病房肠套叠住院患儿的直系家属150例,应用焦虑自评量表(SAS)及抑郁自评量表(SDS)进行测评并对结果进行分析.结果:肠套叠家属的焦虑、抑郁自评量表的焦虑得分(61.30±14.21)分,抑郁评分(54.00±14.89)分,与正常人群国内常模比较有显著性差异(P＜0.01);文化程度和年龄在焦虑和抑郁得分上的差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.01;P＜0.01);性别对焦虑和抑郁得分的影响不显著(P＞0.05).结论:肠套叠患者家属的焦虑和抑郁状况受到多种因素不同程度的影响,而文化程度和年龄对焦虑和抑郁的程度影响较大,临床上应采用不同的措施来降低肠套叠家属的焦虑和抑郁情绪.     

妊娠晚期胎死宫内对孕妇心理状态的影响

目的探讨妊娠晚期胎死宫内对孕妇心理状态的影响,为制定临床护理措施提供依据。方法应用抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)采用观察和交谈的方式对18例妊娠晚期胎死宫内孕妇的心理状态进行评估。结果18例孕妇中抑郁症状发生率83.33%,其中SDS评分>60分占40.00%;焦虑症状发生率94.44%,SAS评分>60分占41.18%;不同年龄、学历、家人关心程度的患者其抑郁、焦虑状态比较,差异有显著性意义(均P<0.05)。结论医护人员应重视妊娠晚期胎死宫内孕妇这一特殊人群的心理问题,有针对性地制定护理对策,加强心理护理。     

Hazards and complications of endoscopic transurethral ureterolithotripsy and lithoextraction and means of prevention

Complications related to ureterolithotomy and ultrasonic ureterolithotripsy performed under the control of visual endoscope were analyzed in 86 ureterolithiasis patients, methods of their prevention discussed. All the aforementioned complications were distributed into three groups: inapplicability of surgery due to anatomic and functional defects of lower and upper urinary tracts, intraoperative, and postoperative complications. The commonest ones were ureteral abruption and perforation, acute pyelonephritis, temporary vesicoureteral reflux. Their control measures were considered as relative methods of treatment: immediate surgical intervention in case of ureteral abruption, renal catheterization in patients with insignificant ureteral perforation or acute pyelonephritis. Adequate ureteroscopy, careful consideration of pro- and contraindications, catheterization of renal pelvis and urinary bladder performed within 2-3 days after the surgery and adequate antibacterial therapy are the most decisive steps in the control of aforementioned complications.     

牙体牙弓颌骨阻力中心及其临床意义

牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心在正畸矫治力系统中具有重要的意义,也是正畸学领域争论较多的一个问题。Dermaut等研究表明,当力作用于物体阻力中心时,物体将发生平动,否则将发生平动和转动的复合运动。目前,国内外多数学者认为牙体、牙弓及颌骨存在阻力中心,但其位置存在争议。本文就牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心及其临床意义作一综述。     

Characterisation and differentiation of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas - presence and expression of collagen types I and II

AIM: Chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas are rare benign skeletal neoplasms with reported overlapping histology. Aim of this study was to analyse the biochemical composition of the matrix of these tumour entities in order to further characterise the cellular phenotypes of these neoplasms using typical cell biological marker genes. METHODS: The matrix compositions of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas were analyzed by HE-histology, histochemistry, and immunolocalization techniques. Cellular gene expression patterns were detected by mRNA in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Chondroblastomas are rich in collagen type I and show foci of an osteoid-like matrix, whereas collagen type II as a typical marker of chondrocytic differentiation was not detected in any of the specimens. Chondromyxoidfiibromas had foci of chondroid appearance with chondroblastic cellular differentiation characterised by collagen type II expression. CONCLUSION: These results characterise chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas as skeletal neoplasms that have a different biology and which can be distinguished by matrix protein expression products: collagen type II, the typical marker of chondroblast differentiation, could only be detected in chondromyxoidfibromas, but not in chondroblastomas. Thus, both neoplasms are clearly different on the cell biological level.     

Histochemical and contractile properties of striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of dogs and sheep

AIMS: To understand their possible importance in long- and short-term control of continence, some properties of the striated muscles of the urethra and pelvic floor (levator ani) of dogs and sheep were investigated, especially fiber types and contractile characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of 29 male and 6 female dogs and 11 male and 6 female sheep were removed and cut into strips. Some strips were frozen and stained for ATPase at pH 9.4 and 4.3 for fiber typing; others were set up in an organ bath to study contractile responses to nerve stimulation. RESULTS: All muscles contained both type I (slow) and type II fibers, ranging from 97% type II in female greyhound urethra to 60% in female sheep levator ani. For each muscle, there were fewer type II muscles in sheep than in dog. The diameters of the urethral fibers were about 60% of the levator ani in dogs and 34% in sheep. Contraction of the urethral muscle was faster than for levator ani and declined to about 80% of the peak, 500 msec after the beginning of stimulation at 20 Hz. The levator ani contraction rose to a steady level as long as stimulation continued. CONCLUSIONS: Both the levator ani and urethral striated muscles contain slow and fast fiber types. The levator ani muscles are capable of sustained contraction with rapid onset which will produce long-term closure of the urethra. The circular urethral muscle contraction was faster but less well maintained.     

Incorporation and release of85Sr and14C-proline-hydroxyproline in mineral and collagen of bone and incisor teeth of growing rats

The extent to which exchange and reutilization processes of mineral tracers affect skeletal mineral accretion and resorption measurements was evaluated by comparing the rates of appearance and disappearance of⁸⁵Sr and¹⁴C-proline-hydroxyproline in bones and teeth in growing rats for 12 days following simultaneous parenteral injection of these tracers. Expressions for the relative rates of collagen synthesis and breakdown, which unlike mineral metabolism are considered not to be complicated by exchange phenomena, were based on¹⁴C-proline conversion to¹⁴C-hydroxyproline; the specific activity of the latter was determined. Both the mineral and the collagen specific activities reflected the rates and patterns of growth of the samples assayed; rapid growth and a short interval of time between formation and resorption of tissue in themetaphyseal bone which contains the cartilagineous growth plate, slow growth and an interval of time between formation and resorption of tissue indiaphyseal bone and incisor teeth which is longer than the 12 days of the experiment. However, in metaphyseal bone the specific activity collagen/mineral ratio dropped by one half during the 4–12 day interval in contrast to diaphyseal bone and incisor teeth in which no change in this ratio was observed during this period of time. The data indicate that collagen in the metaphyseal growth zone is removed by resorption before it has become fully mineralized, and that exchange is a relatively unimportant factor in the long term kinetics of bone mineral.

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Zusammenfassung Das Ausmaß, bis zu welchem Austausch- und Wiederverwendungsprozesse der mineralen Tracer die Messungen des mineralen Skelett-Auf- und Abbaues beeinflussen können, wurde ausgewertet; zu diesem Zweck wurde die Geschwindigkeit des Auftretens und Verschwindens von⁸⁵Sr und von¹⁴C-Prolin-Hydroxyprolin in Knochen und Zähnen von wachsenden Ratten während der 12 auf die simultane parenterale Injektion dieser Tracer folgenden Tage verglichen.Der Ausdruck für die relative Geschwindigkeit des Kollagen-Auf- und Abbaues, bei welchem im Gegensatz zum Mineralmetabolismus kein Mitwirken des Austauschphänomens vermutet wird, basiert auf der Umwandlung von¹⁴C-Prolin zu¹⁴C-Hydroxyprolin; die spezifische Aktivität des letzteren wurde bestimmt.Aus der spezifischen Aktivität des Minerals sowie jener des Kollagens konnten die Geschwindigkeit und die Art des Wachstums der untersuchten Proben ersehen werden, d.h.schnelles Wachstum und ein kurzes Zeitintervall zwischen Bildung und Resorption des Gewebes imKnochen der Metaphyse, die auch die knorpelige Wachstumsplatte enthält, und andererseitslangsames Wachstum und längeres Zeitintervall (länger als die 12 Tage des Experimentes) zwischen Bildung und Resorption des Gewebes imKnochen der Diaphyse und in den Schneidezähnen. Immerhin fiel die spezifische Aktivität des Kollagen/Mineral-Anteils im Knochen der Metaphyse während dem 4–12tägigen Zeitintervall auf die Hälfte, im Gegensatz zum Knochen der Diaphyse und der Schneidezähne, bei welchen während dieser Zeitspanne kein Unterschied in diesem Verhältnis beobachtet wurde.Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, daß Kollagen in der Wachstumszone der Metaphyse durch Resorption verschwindet, bevor es ganz mineralisiert ist, und daß der Austausch ein relativ unwichtiger Faktor in der Kinetik auf lange Sicht des Knochenminerals ist.