Xpert MTB/RIF与T-SPOT.TB在骨关节结核诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨Xpert MTB/RIF与T-SPOT.TB在骨关节结核患者快速诊断中的应用价值。方法收集2018年5月至2019年2月于郑州市骨科医院住院治疗的骨关节结核患者42例,同时选取同期住院治疗的非骨关节结核患者30例作为对照组,分别采用Xpert MTB/RIF与T-SPOT.TB检测,比较两种方法的灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。结果Xpert MTB/RIF检测骨关节结核的灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为83.3%、100.0%、100.0%、81.1%。T-SPOT.TB检测的灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为92.9%、86.7%、90.7%、89.7%。T-SPOT.TB与Xpert MTB/RIF两种方法在骨结核的检测中具有较高的一致性。结论T-SPOT.TB的敏感性结合Xpert MTB/RIF的特异性有助于早期快速、准确的诊断骨结核。     

T-SPOT.TB在涂阴肺结核中的快速诊断价值

目的评价结核感染T细胞试验(T-SPOT.TB)在涂阴肺结核病诊断上的价值。方法利用T-SPOT.TB、TBDNA、TB-DOT 3种结核病诊断方法对112例确诊涂阴肺结核病患者和60例非结核病对照者分别进行检测。结果 T-SPOT.TB试验检测灵敏度为88.3%,TB-DNA、TB-DOT的灵敏度依次为25.9%、58.9%,与T-SPOT.TB试验相比,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=86.6,P0.05;χ2=23.3,P0.05);T-SPOT.TB试验特异度为96.7%,显著高于TB-DOT(78.3%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=9.22,P0.05)。结论 T-SPOT.TB对涂阴肺结核病的敏感性和特异性都有明显的优势,可以作为涂阴肺结核病早期诊断的一种辅助检查手段,具快速准确的诊断价值。     

Xpert MTB/RIF在快速诊断肺结核及利福平耐药中的临床应用

目的探讨利福平耐药实时荧光定量核酸扩增检测技术(Xpert MTB/RIF)在肺结核诊断及其耐药性检测中的临床应用价值。方法收集408例结核患者标本,同时采用抗酸染色法、固体培养法及Xpert MTB/RIF检测,并对其结果进行分析比较。结果 408例标本抗酸染色法、固体培养法和Xpert MTB/RIF检测出结核分枝杆菌的阳性率分别为25.00%(102/408)、42.16%(172/408)和58.09%(237/408)。经统计学分析,Xpert MTB/RIF阳性率高于抗酸染色法和固体培养法,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。其中,固体培养法和Xpert MTB/RIF检测均为阳性的标本共168例,经比例法药物敏感试验与Xpert MTB/RIF检测利福平耐药率分别为26.19%(44/168)和27.38%(46/168),2种方法耐药率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),以比例法药敏试验作为金标准,Xpert MTB/RIF检测利福平耐药的敏感度为97.73%(43/44),特异性为97.58%(121/124)。结论 Xpert MTB/RIF可快速、准确检测结核分枝杆菌及利福平耐药性,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

基层医院应用GeneXpert MTB/RIF检测诊断早期肺结核的价值分析

目的 探讨MTB/利福平耐药实时荧光定量基因扩增检测系统(GeneXpert MTB/RIF)在基层医院对肺结核及利福平耐药的诊断价值.方法 收集2020年1-9月上海市奉贤区古华医院结核病专科门诊就诊的281例疑似肺结核患者的痰液标本,通过痰涂片抗酸染色镜检(AFB)、MGIT320培养及GeneXpert MTB/RIF检测,分析不同方法的阳性率、灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、一致性、平均周转时间、利福平耐药性.结果 281例疑似肺结核患者标本中GeneXpert MTB/RIF检测、痰涂片AFB、MGIT320培养阳性率分别为28.5％(80/281)、15.7％(44/281)、26.3％(74/281).以MGIT320培养结果为准,GeneXpert MTB/RIF分析的灵敏度为90.5％(67/74),特异度为93.7％(194/207),PPV为83.8％(67/80),NPV为96.5％(194/201),一致性为92.9％[(67+194)/281];痰涂片AFB的灵敏度为51.4％(38/74),特异度为97.1％(201/207),PPV为86.3％(38/44),NPV为84.8％(201/237),一致性为85.1％[(38+201)/281].AFP与GeneXpert MTB/RIF检测的灵敏度、一致性比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=25.57、15.42,P<0.001).结论 GeneXpert MTB/RIF检测具有操作简单、快速、安全等优势,且灵敏度、特异度都较高,可以作为基层医院早期检测肺结核的重要方法之一,值得推广.     

Xpert MTB/RIF技术在结核分枝杆菌利福平耐药性快速检测中的价值

目的探讨Xpert MTB/RIF技术在结核分枝杆菌(MTB)快速检测及利福平耐药检测中的价值。方法收集1 562例初诊疑似肺结核患者痰液样本,同时采用Xpert MTB/RIF法、液体培养法和涂片抗酸染色法进行检测,评价Xpert MTB/RIF法的检测敏感性和特异性。以液体培养法为标准,分析Xpert MTB/RIF法检测涂片抗酸染色法阳性、阴性标本的敏感性和特异性。将188例液体培养阳性样本进行分枝杆菌菌群鉴定和药物敏感性试验,评价Xpert MTB/RIF法检测MTB及其对利福平耐药的敏感性和特异性。结果 Xpert MTB/RIF法与液体培养法检测结果的符合率为93.92%(χ~2=3.55,P0.05),与涂片抗酸染色法的符合率为89.44%(χ~2=48.51,P0.001)。以液体培养法为标准,XpertMTB/RIF法的检测敏感性为82.41%(328/398)、特异性为97.85%(1 139/1 164),2种方法差异无统计学意义(χ~2=3.55,P0.05);XpertMTB/RIF法鉴定188例液体培养阳性样本菌群种类的敏感性为91.23%(156/171)、特异性为88.24%(15/17)、准确性为90.96%(171/188),与液体培养法比较差异无统计学意义(χ~2=4.109,P0.05);Xpert MTB/RIF法检测利福平耐药的敏感性为82.35%(14/17)、特异性为99.35%(1/154),与传统比例法药物敏感性试验结果比较,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.138,P0.05)。结论 Xpert MTB/RIF技术可快速检测MTB及其对利福平的耐药性,敏感性和特异性较好,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

Xpert MTB/RIF在结核病诊断中的研究进展

结核分枝杆菌(MTB)感染是目前严重危害人类健康的传染病之一,以引起肺结核最为常见,尽早识别、诊断与有效治疗对于控制MTB播散至关重要。结核分枝杆菌/利福平耐药实时荧光定量核酸扩增检测技术(Xpert MTB/RIF)是一种新兴的诊断技术,可在检测MTB同时判断是否出现利福平耐药,具有较高的敏感性及特异性。本文将对该检测方法在肺结核、肺外结核、儿童结核、HIV感染及自身免疫系统疾病结核患者以及利福平耐药性检测方面作一综述。     

Xpert MTB/RIF在结核分枝杆菌及利福平耐药性检测中的应用分析

目的 分析利福平耐药实时荧光定量核酸扩增检测技术(Xpert MTB/RIF)在结核分枝杆菌及利福平耐药性检测中的检测效能.方法 选取2017年5月至2019年5月我区疑似肺结核患者1271例,分别对其痰标本进行涂片染色、固体培养、固体药敏和Xpert MTB/RIF检测,比较Xpert MTB/RIF与其它检测方法的...     

粪便Gene Xpert MTB/RIF检测对HIV阴性肠结核的早期快速诊断价值

目的:评价Gene Xpert结核分枝杆菌/利福平(MTB/RIF,简称"Xpert")在人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)阴性肠结核患者早期快速诊断中的价值。方法:选取2018年1月至2019年6月在山东省胸科医院、北京胸科医院、苏州市第五人民医院3家医院就诊的254例HIV阴性疑似肠结核患者。采集所有患者的粪便标本,每份标本分别进行Xpert检测、涂片查抗酸杆菌、BACTEC MGIT 960(简称"MGIT 960")分枝杆菌培养。以临床诊断为标准,评价Xpert检测粪便标本的敏感度和特异度,若培养结果为阳性,则对菌株进行利福平药物敏感性检测,并对Xpert检测结果与MGIT 960药敏检测结果一致性进行分析。结果:254例患者中139例(54.7%)临床诊断为肠结核,115例(45.3%)临床诊断为非肠结核。139例肠结核患者中,60例(43.2%)MGIT 960分枝杆菌培养阳性;79例(56.8%)按临床表现、肠镜检查结果、抗结核治疗效果等临床诊断为肠结核。以临床诊断为标准,Xpert检测粪便标本的敏感度[60.4%(84/139)]优于抗酸杆菌涂片敏感度[13.2%(17/139)],两者敏感度比较有统计学差异(P0.001),Xpert检测特异度为100.0%(84/84);MGIT 960分枝杆菌培养敏感度为43.2%(60/139),与Xpert检测比较有统计学差异(P=0.004)。结核分枝杆菌(MTB)培养阳性患者中,Xpert检测的敏感度为98.3%(59/60)。在涂片和培养均为阴性的肠结核患者中,Xpert检测的阳性率为31.6%(25/79)。结论:Xpert检测粪便标本中MTB较抗酸杆菌涂片和MGIT 960分枝杆菌培养敏感度更高,并且可以同时检测利福平耐药性,为早期快速诊断肠结核提供细菌学依据。     

Xpert MTB/RIF在结核性胸膜炎诊断中的研究进展

结核性胸膜炎是引起胸腔积液常见的原因之一,其诊断主要通过临床表现、影像学、实验室检查等综合判断。 结核性胸膜炎诊断常用检测技术包括胸腔积液细胞生化检查、结核分枝杆菌抗体检测、结核分枝杆菌涂片及培养等,但 敏感度及特异度不高。结核分枝杆菌/ 利福平耐药实时荧光定量核酸扩增检测技术（Xpert MTB/RIF）为诊断结核病新 兴技术手段,在肺结核病诊断方面有较高应用价值,但在结核性胸膜炎诊断方面临床研究报道较少,部分观点不统一, 该文对其在诊断结核性胸膜炎的研究进展进行综述。     

结核病实验室诊断方法新进展

摘要： 实验室检查是结核病诊断、治疗及预防控制的重要依据。长期以来,结核病的实验室诊断主要依赖细菌学涂片和培养检查。近年来,以T-SPOT.TB、Xpert MTB/RIF、HAIN等为代表的结核病诊断新方法不断涌现,为结核病的诊治提供了新的手段,在很大程度上回答了感染存在与否及如何治疗的难题,具有广阔的应用前景。     

Accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion

BackgroundTuberculosis poses a severe threat to human health. At present, compared with the traditional diagnostic methods for tuberculosis pleural effusion, such as Löwenstein–Jensen culture, pleural biopsy, and Ziehl–Neelsen smear microscopy, Xpert MTB/RIF was regarded as an emerging technology for its efficiency. The Xpert MTB/RIF accuracy for tuberculous pleural effusion diagnosis was evaluated in this systematic study.Materials and methodsWe searched the relevant literature published before January 2021 in PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. Utilizing Review Manager 5.3 software, the quality of the included literature was evaluated based on the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies criteria. Sensitivity, specificity, and the summary receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted and analyzed with Metadisc 1.40 software. We used Stata 12.0 software to evaluate the publication bias of this study.ResultsEighteen articles were identified in total. The sensitivity of Xpert MTB/RIF in the pleural effusion was 0.24, and specificity was 1.00, respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.9737, which indicated that the overall accuracy of the Xpert MTB/RIF was high. In addition, based on the Deeks funnel plot, no publication bias of the study was found.ConclusionXpert MTB/RIF is a rapid method with high specificity but relatively low sensitivity for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in pleural effusion. Its less sensitivity made it difficult to be used clinically, but the high specificity suggests that it can be used as a specific diagnostic method for tuberculous pleural effusion.     

Performance of conventional histopathology and GeneXpert MTB/RIF in the diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis from bone specimens: A prospective clinical study

ObjectiveXpert MTB/RIF is recommended to detect pulmonary tuberculosis; however, there is insufficient data on its utility for bone samples. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF compared with conventional histopathology in diagnosing spinal tuberculosis (STB) based on bone specimens in high burden settings.Materials and methodsTotally, 128 suspected STB participants were enrolled into this study. The bone specimens were obtained through puncture or operation for histological and Xpert MTB/RIF analyses, so as to compare their accuracy in diagnosing STB by the composite reference standard (CRS).ResultsFinally, 106 subjects with suspected STB were recruited into the analysis, including 27 confirmed and 33 clinically diagnosed STB patients. Relative to histopathology, Xpert MTB/RIF achieved a 86.7% sensitivity, and 12 out of 30 STB patients were positive, while the negative results in them were obtained upon histopathology.Based on CRS, Xpert MTB/RIF yielded a 63.3% sensitivity, which significantly elevated relative to that obtained upon histopathological test (50.0%, p < 0.001). In addition, the pooled sensitivity obtained using the above 2 approaches was as high as 95.0%, which was higher than that of any of the 2 approaches alone. The pooled specificity was 97.8%. Moreover, the area under the curve (AUC) value was 0.75 for Xpert MTB/RIF and 0.81 for histopathology, with no statistical significance. The two methods showed moderate concordance in the diagnosis of STB.ConclusionsThe Xpert MTB/RIF test achieves superior specificity and fair sensitivity, which can not be recommended to replace the conventional examinations for the diagnosis of STB. The combined application of these 2 approaches can improve the pooled diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy for STB.     

Xpert MTB/RIF在早期诊断结核性脑膜炎中的临床应用价值

目的探讨结核性脑膜炎/利福平耐药基因检测(Xpert MTB/RIF)在早期诊断结核性脑膜炎(TBM)中的临床应用价值。方法选取该院2015年2月至2016年12月收治的130例中枢神经系统感染患者,其中65例TBM患者作为TBM组,65例非TBM患者作为非TBM组。对所有患者的脑脊液标本分别进行结核分枝杆菌抗酸染色、罗氏固体培养以及Xpert MTB/RIF检测,比较检测结果。结果以临床诊断为金标准,Xpert MTB/RIF检测TBM的灵敏度为43.08%,特异度为100.00%;固体培养法检测TBM的灵敏度为58.46%,特异度为98.46%;抗酸染色法检测TBM的灵敏度为9.23%,特异度为100.00%。以传统比例法药敏试验结果为金标准,Xpert MTB/RIF检测利福平耐药的灵敏度为88.89%,特异度为98.35%。结论 Xpert MTB/RIF是一种检测MTB及患者是否对利福平耐药的诊断新技术,具有快速、直接、可靠、特异度高的优点。     

不同实验室方法在肺结核辅助诊断中的应用评价

目的评价不同实验室方法在肺结核(PTB)诊断中的应用效能,为PTB的早期诊断提供数据参考。方法 2016年1月至2018年12月在上海市同仁医院肺科门诊诊治的298例疑似PTB患者,依照临床诊断,分为活动性肺结核组138例、非活动性肺结核组43例、非肺结核组117例。对其痰标本分别采用痰涂片快速抗酸染色、MGIT培养、Xpert MTB/RIF分子检测,采用卡方检验比较其敏感性、特异性。结果 3种方法在区分活动性肺结核组与非活动性肺结核合并非肺结核组上具有一定的意义(χ~2值分别为89.08,138.94,137.12,P均0.01),非活动性肺结核组与非肺结核组的阳性率之间差异无统计学意义。痰涂片、MGIT培养、Xpert MTB/RIF和3种方法联合检测诊断活动性肺结核的敏感性分别为45.7%(63/138)、63.8%(88/138)、65.4%(87/133)和78.2%(104/133),MGIT培养和Xpert MTB/RIF敏感性高于痰涂片(χ~2值分别为35.79和11.26,P均0.01),MGIT培养和Xpert MTB/RIF的敏感性差异无统计学意义(χ~2=29.87,P0.05),联合检测敏感性高于3种方法单独检测(χ~2值分别为30.84,64.62,70.14,P均0.01);诊断特异性分别为99.1%(116/117)、98.3%(115/116)、99.1%(113/114)和97.3%(110/113),3种方法的特异性差异无统计学意义。结论 MGIT培养与Xpert MTB/RIF对PTB检测具有较高的敏感性,3种方法联合检测可提高敏感性。     

GeneXpert MTB/RIF检测系统在结核病诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨GeneXpert MTB/RIF检测系统(简称GeneXpert MTB/RIF)在结核病诊断中的临床应用价值。方法纳入四川大学华西医院2020年7-9月高度疑似结核病的住院患者(401例),其中临床诊断结核病186例(结核组),非结核病215例(非结核组)。回顾性分析抗酸染色、结核分枝杆菌脱氧核糖核酸(TB-DNA)荧光定量PCR、GeneXpert MTB/RIF、结核感染T细胞γ-干扰素释放试验(TB-IGRA)的检测结果。通过系统性分析各项检测技术的效能指标如灵敏度、特异度等评估GeneXpert MTB/RIF在结核病诊断中的临床价值。结果GeneXpert MTB/RIF在结核病诊断中的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为41.94%、100.00%、100.00%、66.56%。4种检测方法中,GeneXpert MTB/RIF特异度最高,而且其灵敏度明显高于抗酸染色(P<0.05),而与TB-DNA荧光定量PCR相比,虽然其灵敏度较高,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.459)。TB-IGRA检测灵敏度明显优于GeneXpert MTB/RIF,但特异度明显低于其他几种方法。结论GeneXpert MTB/RIF在结核病诊断中具有较高的灵敏度及特异度,有助于临床医生对结核病患者进行早期快速的诊断。     

Assessing the utility of the Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampin assay for analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis

BackgroundThere is limited research assessing the utility of the Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampin (MTB/RIF) assay for the analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in Chinese patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Thus, our objective was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay and evaluate its utility for the determination of rifampicin resistance.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed BALF from 214 patients with suspected PTB between January 2018 and March 2019. Using mycobacterial culture or final clinical diagnosis as the reference standard, the diagnostic accuracy of the smear microscopy (SM), tuberculosis bacillus DNA (TB‐DNA), Xpert MTB/RIF assay, and the determination of rifampicin resistance based on the Xpert MTB/RIF assay were compared.ResultsAs compared to mycobacterial culture, the sensitivity of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay, SM, and TB‐DNA were 85.5% (74.2%–93.1%), 38.7% (26.6%–51.9%), and 67.7% (54.7%–79.1%), respectively. As compared to the final diagnosis, the specificity of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay, SM, and TB‐DNA were 100.0% (95.9%–100.0%), 94.3% (87.1%–98.1%), and 98.9% (93.8%–100.0%), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the rifampicin resistance detection using the Xpert MTB/RIF assay were 100% and 98.0%, respectively, with liquid culture as the reference.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the analysis of BALF with the Xpert MTB/RIF assay provides a rapid and accurate tool for the early diagnosis of PTB. The accuracy of diagnosis was superior compared with the SM and TB‐DNA. Moreover, Xpert is a quick and accurate method for the diagnosis of rifampicin‐resistant tuberculosis and can also provide more effective guidance for the treatment of PTB or multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis (MDR‐TB).     

T-SPOT. TB和结核菌素试验在骨关节结核诊断中的敏感性和特异性分析

目的分析结核感染T细胞免疫斑点试验(T-SPOT. TB)和结核菌素试验在骨关节结核诊断中的应用价值。方法收集2014年1月至2016年8月医院采用手术或保守治疗的骨关节结核患者94例,以及2016年2月至2017年1月骨外科收治的手术治疗的骨关节病患者50例作为研究对象,均进行结核菌素试验与T-SPOT. TB,对比2种方法的诊断效用。结果结核菌素试验诊断敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、符合率分别为46.81%、98.00%、97.78%、49.49%、64.58%,TSPOT. TB则为93.62%、100.00%、100.00%、89.29%、95.83%,结核菌素试验敏感性、阴性预测值、符合率低于T-SPOT. TB及2种方法联合检测,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。T-SPOT.TB出现6例漏诊,均为早期脊柱结核病,表现为空洞形成,未见脊柱神经缺损。结核菌素试验出现1例误诊,50例漏诊,漏诊者主要病情相对较轻,伴风湿关节病等免疫疾病的患者。结论 TSPOT. TB是诊断骨关节结核病的理想方法,但存在干扰因素,需合理应用,结核菌素试验操作简单,尽管敏感性不足,但在结核病筛查中有一定的价值。