肺癌相关抗原的血清学筛选与鉴定

目的:筛选和鉴定肺癌肿瘤相关抗原,为肺癌早期诊断提供血清学标志物,并为研制肺癌疫苗提供候选抗原.方法:5份异体肺癌患者血清采用重组cDNA表达文库的血清学分析(SEREX)技术对肺癌cDNA表达文库筛选;对阳性克隆插入片段进行测序、生物信息学分析.结果:①筛选出70个阳性克隆,插入片段大小为300～2 800 bp.②测序:70个阳性克隆代表63个不同的基因.③生物信息学分析:1个基因与肺癌的发生、发展关系密切;34个基因报道与细胞的分化、代谢及信号转导等有关系,与其他肿瘤的发生、发展有关;26个基因的生理功能未见文献报道;2个插入片段未发现有同源基因,推测可能为新发现的基因.结论:使用SEREX技术成功鉴定了一组肺癌相关的肿瘤抗原.     

原发型肝癌组织cDNA文库的构建及抗原基因的筛选

目的 构建人原发型肝癌组织cDNA文库,以SEREX方法从cDNA文库中筛选肝癌抗原基因.方法 采用确诊的原发型肝癌患者新鲜手术切除癌组织构建cDNA文库,测定原始文库滴度,进行蓝白筛选以确定文库的重组率.以肝癌患者的血清,采用血清学方法筛选所构建的cDNA文库,阳性克隆经PCR检测鉴定后进行序列分析.结果 成功构建了混合原发型肝癌cDNA文库经测定原始文库滴度为7.42X106pfu/mL,含3.96×106个重组子,重组率为93%,扩增文库滴度为3.92×109pfu/mL,cDNA插入片段大小在0.5～3.0 kb之间.文库经3轮血清学筛选共获得31个阳性克隆,分别代表了24个独立的cDNA插入片段(抗原基因).其中17个与已知基因高度同源,另外7个基因与GenBank中已知基因的部分同源,其中有3个是新基因.利用SMART技术构建了高质量的人原发型肝癌组织cDNA表达文库,有利于以cDNA文库为基础的进一步的实验研究.结论 应用SEREX技术初步筛选原发型肝癌组织cDNA文库,共得到17个原发型肝癌相关抗原基因,其中有3个是新基因,可能为原发型肝癌的免疫学研究提供新的研究分子.     

大鼠睾丸异种抗原的血清学筛选

目的 通过重组cDNA表达文库的血清学分析(SEREX)技术获得来自大鼠睾丸文库有潜在治疗价值的异种同源抗原的cDNA序列。方法 将人卵巢癌细胞株免疫兔后收集的抗血清作为筛选血清,采用SEREX技术筛选大鼠睾丸cDNA文库。结果 通过两轮筛选获得10个阳性克隆。通过生物信息学分析认为这10个阳性单克隆cDNA序列编码7种不同的蛋白,其中OV-2、OV-4为肿瘤相关序列,OV-6、OV-7为编码未知蛋白的序列。结论 用异种免疫血清筛选异种同源肿瘤抗原拓宽了SEREX技术的应用范围,是一种行之有效的方法。     

鼻咽癌相关肿瘤抗原基因的筛选及鉴定

目的 通过筛选鼻咽癌肿瘤抗原，为鼻咽癌提供一个早期诊断指标；同时为进一步研究鼻咽癌的免疫治疗莫定基础。方法 应用鼻咽癌细胞株异种免疫血清，采用血清学筛选重组cDNA表达文库（SEREX）技术对鼻咽癌cDNA表达文库进行筛选，对阳性克隆测序并进行生物信息学分析。Western Blot检测鼻咽癌及正常人血清中阳性克隆的抗体。结果 共筛选出18个阳性克隆，其中包括MAGE基因、CREM基因、β2-微球蛋白以及核糖体蛋白等已知基因或表达序列标签（EST），另外有6个基因或EST在GenBank数据库中没有同源性，可能是新基因或EST。选取NPC-14、NPC-15、NPC-18克隆进行鼻咽癌患者及正常人群血清的检测，结果显示鼻咽癌患者的阳性率明显高于正常人群。结论 所获得的未知基因产物有可能成为早期诊断鼻咽癌的血清学标志物。     

大肠癌抗原基因的筛选与初步分析

目的 筛选鉴定大肠癌抗原基因,并进行生物信息学的初步分析。方法 采用自体或异体大肠癌患者血清。应用SEREX方法对大肠癌cDNA噬菌体表达文库进行免疫筛选。阳性克隆噬菌体在扩增、提取、纯化DNA后,用PCR方法和EcoRⅠ、HindⅢ双酶切鉴定cDNA片段的大小。阳性克隆eDNA插入pUCm-T载体测序。序列生物信息学分析采用NCBI的All GenBank＋EMBL＋DDBJ＋PDB Sequences Database进行BLAST基因比对分析。结果 筛选出11个阳性克隆,cDNA片段大小分别为1100、1300、1000、2000、1200、1200,700、900、600、1200和1000bp,代表9个抗原基因,7个与已知基因同源。有3个阳性克隆为同1个基因片段,与干扰素诱导的跨膜蛋白．1基因同源．具有抗增殖作用：另6个阳性克隆分别与不同的基因同源,分别是：BAC clone RP11-453E17“肿瘤解剖计划”基因,功能尚不清楚;软骨．毛发发育不良区基因,发生软骨-毛发发育不良综合征;入5号染色体克隆的序列,有插入突变,功能尚不清楚;类似抗肿瘤坏死因子α抗体的轻链Fab段基因,与IgG1抗体的y链（重链）和k链（轻链）的编码和调控其生物功能有关,可能与肿瘤的生长有关;β2微球蛋白的mRNA,与肿瘤细胞的增殖有关;醛缩酶A基因,异常表达可能促进肿瘤细胞的增殖;尚有2个阳性克隆的cDNA序列没有同源性,功能有待进一步研究。结论 用SEREX方法筛选大肠癌cDNA表达文库,可直接获得有价值的大肠癌抗原基因,对大肠癌发病机制的研究以及探讨早期诊断方法有重要意义。     

广州管圆线虫V期幼虫cDNA表达文库中优势诊断抗原的筛选、鉴定和克隆

目的筛选与广州管圆线虫感染小鼠血清具有较强免疫反应性的优势诊断抗原。方法用感染广州管圆线虫21d的小鼠感染血清做免疫探针筛选广州管圆线虫v期幼虫cDNA表达文库,对筛选得到的阳性克隆进行插入片段的测序和生物信息学分析,再根据测序结果设计引物扩增该基因并将其克隆入PET-30a（＋）载体中。结果共获得6个阳性克隆,经DNA测序及同源性分析表明,发现其中2个与广州管圆线虫髓鞘转录因子1（MYT1）高度同源,1个与广州管圆线虫胶原蛋白家族基因（alpha-collagen）高度同源,且均为全长cDNA。克隆出广州管圆线虫MYT1全长cDNA序列．构建的新基因重组质粒经双酶切后证明含有与目的片段长度相符合的目的片段。结论用感染小鼠血清作为探针初步筛选到2个广州管圆线虫基因,并成功构建MYT1的原核表达重组质粒PET30a（＋）-MYT1。     

广州管圆线虫Ⅴ期幼虫cDNA表达文库中优势诊断抗原的筛选、鉴定和克隆

目的 筛选与广州管圆线虫感染小鼠血清具有较强免疫反应性的优势诊断抗原.方法 用感染广州管圆线虫21 d的小鼠感染血清做免疫探针筛选广州管圆线虫Ⅴ期幼虫cDNA表达文库,对筛选得到的阳性克隆进行插入片段的测序和生物信息学分析,再根据测序结果设计引物扩增该基因并将其克隆入PET-30a(+)载体中.结果 共获得6个阳性克隆,经DNA测序及同源性分析表明,发现其中2个与广州管圆线虫髓鞘转录因子1(MYTl)高度同源,1个与广州管圆线虫胶原蛋白家族基因(alpha-collagen)高度同源,且均为全长cDNA.克隆出广州管圆线虫MYT1全长cDNA序列,构建的新基因重组质粒经双酶切后证明含有与目的片段长度相符合的目的片段.结论 用感染小鼠血清作为探针初步筛选到2个广州管圆线虫基因,并成功构建MYT1的原核表达重组质粒PET30a(+)-MYT1.     

系统性红斑狼疮血管炎相关自身抗原的血清学筛选

目的 通过重组cDNA表达文库的血清学分析(SEREX)技术获得系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)血管炎相关自身抗体所对应自身抗原的cDNA序列.方法 收集SLE病人血清作为筛选血清,采用SEREX技术筛选人微血管内皮细胞(HMVEC)cDNA文库.结果 通过两轮筛选获得11个阳性克隆.通过生物信息学分析发现这11个阳性克隆cDNA序列编码三种不同的自身抗原,分别为SSA、SSB和YB-1.其中YB-1尚未被报道过与SLE血管炎相关.结论 首次发现YB-1与SLE血管炎相关.通过SEREX技术,我们可能找到有助于SLE诊断、治疗和判断预后的自身抗原.     

SEREX方法筛选人胎盘抗原

目的 筛选并获得来自人胎盘有潜在应用价值的抗原.方法 基于血清学筛选重组cDNA表达文库(serological analysis of recombinant cDNA expression library,SEREX)技术,制备人绒毛组织免疫的兔血清,利用该免疫血清筛选人胎盘组织cDNA表达文库,通过两轮筛选得到免疫反应阳性的单克隆重组噬菌体并测序,并对所得到的序列进行生物信息学分析.结果 经过两轮筛选共得到69个阳性反应克隆,序列分析发现它们代表12种不同的基因序列,其中功能已知基因9个,功能未知基因3个,进一步分析发现绒毛膜生长催乳激素基因(CSH1和CSH2)有57个阳性反应克隆.占总数的82.6%,可能是一个具有重要功能的抗原基因.所筛选到的其他基因与胚胎生长发育相关.结论 SEREX技术筛选胎盘抗原是行之有效的,本实验筛选出的抗原基因对研究胚胎生长发育具有一定的意义.     

卫氏肺吸虫成虫cDNA文库的多抗筛选

目的：从卫氏肺吸虫成虫cDNA文库中筛选并鉴定可用于免疫诊断和免疫预防的基因克隆。方法：采用预吸收成虫抗原免疫兔血清（IRS,多抗）筛选阳性克隆，经PCR扩增后测定其插入片段的大小。用辅助噬菌体做体内剪切，以抗生素平板筛选含重组质粒的阳性菌落。选取插入片段不同的两个克隆测定其DNA序列，用BLAST软件对所得DNA序列进行同源性比较。结果：得到P.w-2,P.w-4两个阳性克隆，长度分别为801bp和1053bp，分别与卫氏肺吸虫原组织蛋白酶L和卫氏肺吸虫半胱氨酸蛋白酶基因同源，同源程度分别为99％、86％。结论：用卫氏肺吸虫成虫多抗筛选成虫cDNA文库，所获P.w-2和P.w-4阳性克隆可能可用于肺吸虫病的免疫诊断和预防。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.