国产封堵器介入治疗巨大动脉导管未闭的临床评价

目的应用国产封堵器经导管治疗巨大动脉导管未闭（PDA）并对其疗效进行评价。方法全组27（男8,女19）例,年龄6～54（24±15）岁,主动脉造影示PDA最窄径为13～28（16±4）mm。封堵后即刻和30min行侧位降主动脉造影,术后2d,1、3、6个月分别行超声心动图及X线平片检查。结果24例成功,3例PDA封堵后判断为有阻力性肺动脉高压,放弃治疗。成功的患者中,14例选用国产PDA封堵器,10例选用国产ASD封堵器。术后即刻降主动脉造影检查示,使用ASD封堵器中,有2例微量残余分流,5例少量残余分流,1例少～中量残余分流;PDA封堵器中,有4例微量残余分流,2例少量残余分流。术后30min,ASD封堵器4例微～少量残余分流,1例仍为少～中量残余分流;PDA封堵器仅2例微量残余分流。1例ASD封堵器治疗术后7h发生溶血,治疗72h溶血无减轻迹象,外科开胸取出封堵器并行PDA结扎术。术后2d,超声心动图示PDA封堵器1例微量残余分流,ASD封堵器5例微量残余分流。随访1～6个月,所有左心内径增大的患者均明显回缩,未发现残余分流和导管再通。结论应用国产封堵器经导管治疗直径≥13mm的PDA是一种安全有效地介入方法。     

动脉导管未闭合并重度肺动脉高压Amplatzer法封堵治疗的临床应用--12例初步报告

目的评价Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭(PDA)合并重度肺动脉高压(SPH)的初步疗效.方法对12例(女9例,男3例)PDA合并SPH患者实施封堵治疗.其中10例采用Amplatzer动脉导管未闭封堵器,2例采用Amplatzer房间隔缺损封堵器.结果全组12例PDA封堵器均放置成功.11例PDA封堵后30分至1小时肺动脉收缩压、肺动脉平均压均明显降低.1例封堵术后即刻肺动脉压无变化.术后36小时彩色多普勒估测肺动脉压明显下降,封堵术后30分降主动脉造影,无残余分流9例,微量残余分流2例,少量残余分流1例.全组术后24～48小时彩色多普勒检查,动脉水平左向右分流均完全消失.无重要并发症发生.随访1～24个月(平均8个月),患者症状改善,11例心脏缩小,无1例发生再通.结论采用Amplatzer法封堵治疗PDA合并SPH,近期疗效满意.     

经导管封堵动脉导管未闭外科及介入治疗术后残余分流

目的 评价经导管封堵动脉导管未闭(PDA)外科结扎及介入治疗术后残余分流的效果.方法 1995年6月至2008年9月,42例外科结扎、1例外科结扎术后又行弹簧栓子法、3例Rashkind法及1例Sidires法介入治疗术后残余分流的PDA患者施行了经导管封堵术,其中男9例,女38例,年龄2～53岁,平均25.0±15.5岁.外科手术至介入治疗的时间为1个月～30年,其中1例曾行两次外科结扎术.第一次介入治疗至本次封堵术的时间为4年～14年.43例经股静脉途径植入封堵器,其中2例采用动静脉轨道法;2例经股动脉途径植入可控弹簧栓子.介入术后24 h～7.8年行X线胸片、心电图及超声心动图随访.结果 残余分流的PDA最窄处直径为1～10 mm,平均4.1±2.0 mm.技术成功率为95.7%(45/47).45例封堵术后10 min.主动脉弓降部造影示无残余分流40例(88.9%),微量残余分流4例(8.9%),少量残余分流1例(2.2%).术后24 h经胸超声心动图示无残余分流44例(97.8%),少量残余分流1例(2.2%),该例术后9 h发生溶血,经保守治疗1周后消失.失败2例,植入封堵器后仍有明显残余分流,收回封堵器,终止介入治疗.本组45例随访1个月～7.8年,除1例于术后4个月发生心房颤动外,余未发现封堵器移位、残余分流及细菌性心内膜炎.结论 经导管封堵动脉导管未闭外科结扎及介入治疗术后的残余分流是一种创伤小、成功率高、并发症少、住院时间短、安全有效的方法,基本可以替代外科手术.     

Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗动脉导管未闭169例的随访结果

目的 :应用 Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗动脉导管未闭 （PDA）术后随访。方法 :全组 16 9例。PDA最窄处直径为 4 .7± 3.8（2 .0～ 13.0 ） mm。封堵后 10 min行降主动脉造影 ,术后 2 4 h及 1,3,6月 ,1年行超声心动图检查随访。结果 :16 6例 PDA采用 Amplatzer PDA封堵器治疗 ,3例采用 Am platzer房间隔缺损封堵器治疗。 1例 PDA术中证实伴有阻力性肺动脉高压未行介入治疗。术后 10 m in降主动脉造影示 ,5 4例存在微～少量残余分流 ,114例封堵完全无残余分流。术后 2 4 h13例存在微～少量残余分流 ,余超声心动图未见残余分流及再通。 1例封堵术后 10h并发溶血 ,4 8h后行外科 PDA缝合术。术后 1月超声心动图检查 5例存在少量残余分流 ,术后 3月 4例存在少量残余分流 ,6月及 1年 3例存在少量残余分流 ,最后行 PFM弹簧圈治疗未再见残余分流。无并发症发生。结论 :应用 Am platzer封堵器治疗 PDA是一种安全有效的介入方法     

未闭动脉导管形态和大小对Amplatzer法封堵治疗效果的影响

目的 :评价动脉导管未闭 （PDA）的大小和形态对 Amplatzer封堵器 （ADO）治疗效果的影响。方法 :全组 12 4例 ,年龄 2 6± 2 2 （0 .6～ 6 2 ）岁。根据造影结果 ,按 Krichenko方法分型 :其中 A型 78例 ,B型 8例 ,C型 2 1例 ,D型 5例 ,和 E型 12例 ;按 PDA肺动脉端最窄处直径分为 : 组 16例 （直径 <2 .5 m m ） , 组 96例 （直径 2 .5～ 10 .0 mm）和 组 12例 （直径 >10 .0 m m）。结果 :12 4例 ADO治疗均获成功。术后 5～ 10 m in降主动脉造影示有微量残余分流 2 6例 （2 1.0 % ） ,2 4 h超声心动图有微量残余分流 2例 （1.6 % ） ,随访 1～ 6月未发现残余分流和导管再通。不同形态和大小 PDA,其 ADO治疗的技术成功率、2 4 h完全闭合率和残余分流发生率无显著性差异 （P>0 .0 5 ）。术后 5～ 10 min微量残余分流与 PDA大小有关 , 组明显高于 组和 组 （P<0 .0 5 ） ;与 A型比较 ,C型 PDA术中透视时间长 （P<0 .0 1） ,再次封堵率高 （P<0 .0 5 ）。结论 :PDA的大小和形态不影响 ADO的最终治疗结果 ;大的PDA封堵 5～ 10 min后其微量残余分流亦高 ;C型 PDA的封堵技术操作难度较大     

国产蘑菇伞型封堵器封堵巨大动脉导管未闭的可行性研究

目的探讨采用国产蘑菇伞型封堵器经导管封堵巨大动脉导管未闭(PDA)的可行性。方法全组15例,其中男3例,女12例,年龄21±8(16～46)岁。PDA最窄处直径为16±3mm(13～22mm),均采用国产蘑菇伞型封堵器经股静脉途径对PDA进行封堵。封堵前后行主动脉弓降部造影并测定肺动脉压力。封堵成功者分别于术后1周、1个月和6个月复查超声心动图。结果15例巨大PDA选用的封堵器直径为23±4mm(18～32mm),封堵后30min主动脉弓降部造影均显示主-肺动脉水平仅有经封堵器孔眼的微量到少量残余分流。封堵后13例患者肺动脉收缩压峰值较封堵前有不同程度下降(70±29mmHgvs113±21mmHg,P<0.05,1mmHg=0.133kPa),2例因试封堵后肺动脉压力升高而放弃封堵。无一例发生严重并发症。封堵成功者术后复查超声心动图,其中11例于术后1周、1例于术后1个月残余分流消失,另1例于术后6个月时残存少量分流。结论采用国产蘑菇伞型封堵器经导管封堵巨大PDA是一种安全有效的介入治疗方法。     

11例先天性心脏病封堵术后残余漏的介入治疗

目的评价先天性心脏病(动脉导管未闭,patent ductus arteriosus,PDA;房间隔缺损,atrial septum defects,ASD)封堵后残余漏再次介入治疗的临床疗效。方法 2002年8月至2012年3月,9例PDA介入手术后残余漏患者,2例ASD介入手术后残余漏患者,术后随访发现封堵器械的分流,11例患者再次行介入治疗。术后即刻及长期应用超声心动图及实验室检查随访。结果 9例PDA及2例ASD患者中,8例再次置入蘑菇封堵器,3例弹簧圈,术后复查超声6例无残余分流;5例术后即刻存在少量残余分流,3例在术后1个月随访时残余分流消失,2例PDA患者置入弹簧圈后短期溶血,1例经内科治疗后好转,1例行外科急诊手术。结论先天性心脏病PDA、ASD介入治疗后出现残余漏行介入封堵的处理方法是可行、有效的。     

应用Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗动脉导管未闭开胸术后再通的疗效评价

目的 :应用 Am platzer封堵器经导管治疗动脉导管未闭 （PDA）开胸术后再通并对其疗效进行评价。方法 :全组10例 ,年龄 11± 8（4～ 32 ）岁。PDA最窄处直径为 4± 4（2～ 13） mm。封堵后 10 m in行侧位降主动脉造影 ,术后 1d及 1月行超声心动图检查 ,观察有无残余分流及 PDA再通。结果 :9例 PDA采用 Am platzer PDA封堵器治疗 ,1例采用 Amplatzer房间隔缺损封堵器治疗。术后 10 m in降主动脉造影显示 ,3例存在微量～少量残余分流 ,7例封堵完全无残余分流。术后 2 4h、术后 1月超声心动图均未见残余分流及再通。结论 :应用 Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭外科术后再通是一种安全有效的介入方法。     

动脉导管未闭封堵术后血小板减少10例临床分析

目的 总结分析PDA介入封堵术后血小板减少的规律及可能的发生原因,为临床PDA的治疗提供指导.方法 选取延安医院2007年1月至2012年4月PDA封堵术后发生血小板减少的10例病例,分析血小板减少发生时间、下降规律、残余分流及相应的治疗措施等.结果 血小板减少发生率约为1.55％ (10/647),10例均为巨大PDA患者,10例病例术后均有不同程度残余分流,血小板减少发生于封堵术后3d内,血小板最低发生于术后4～6d,有6例输注血小板,所有病例无严重内脏出血发生.结论 PDA封堵术后血小板减少属于少见并发症,其发生原因可能与残余分流所致机械性破坏有关.     

超声心动图检查在VSD介入封堵术中应用

目的探讨超声心动图检查在室间隔缺损(VSD)介入封堵术的适应证筛选及术中、术后的应用价值.方法对12例施行介入封堵术的患者术前用超声心动图测量VSD之形状与大小,术中进行超声心动图监测,术后以超声心动图随诊.结果 12例患者中,膜周部5例,隔瓣后型3例,膜周嵴下型2例,嵴内漏斗部1例,心肌梗死室间隔肌部穿孔1例.共放置13个封堵器,被封堵的VSD直径为3～8mm,平均为(5.2±0.8)mm.10例患者封堵术后即刻观察,穿隔分流消失,术后1周复查,封堵器位置良好、稳定、无残余分流;1例微量残余分流,术后24小时超声心动图复查分流消失;1例少量残余分流,术后即刻复查最大分流速度为1.2m/s(低于险值2m/s),6个月后复查仅见微量残余分流.结论超声心动图检查对介入封堵术的适应证的筛选、确定封堵器释放时间、释放时即刻疗效的评价及术后随访具有重要价值.     

Advances in interventional occlusion of persistent ductus arteriosus: comparison of results using different occlusion devices

This report describes our results with transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus between March 1993 and May 2000 including our early experience with the Amplatzer duct occluder. One hundred and sixty-six consecutive procedures were performed in 160 patients. The mean age was 6.8 years (range 0.8 to 26.2), mean weight 24.3 kg (range 7.7 to 84.0). Single or multiple coils were implanted successfully in 114 cases, a Rashind double umbrella in 35 patients, and an Amplatzer duct occluder in 16 patients. After failure to implant coils in one patient, a second attempt with a Rashkind double umbrella was successful. Complete closure of the patent ductus arteriosus was achieved in a total of 148 patients (92.5%), mean fluoroscopy time was 13.7 min (range 3.1 to 126 min). In 144 patients (90.0%), occlusion without residual shunting was achieved by the first interventional approach. Angiography showed immediate closure in 44%, echocardiography within 48 h revealed complete closure in additional 28%. In a further 18%, a residual shunt disappeared spontaneously in the following months. In five patients a second procedure was performed to terminate residual shunting after placement of a Rashkind occluder system by coils. In three patients, the residual shunt resolved. In 12 patients (7.5%) echocardiography showed a residual shunt 2-1259 days after interventional approach. Occlusion rates of the different devices were 83% for the Rashkind occluder, 92% for detachable coils, and 100% for the Amplatzer duct occluder. Coil embolisation into the pulmonary artery occurred in two patients, interventional removal was successful in one of them. There were no further complications. According to our experience interventional occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus is highly effective and associated with a low complication rate. Transcatheter closure using the Amplatzer duct occluder seems to be safe and effective also in small children with a body weight of 8 kg and a large ductus diameter. Compared to the total group of patients, the occlusion rate of the Amplatzer duct occluder was significantly higher (p = 0.005), and of the Rashkind occluder system significantly lower (p = 0.026). Therefore, we recommend the use of detachable coils in patients with small ductus (diameter < or = 2 mm) and the Amplatzer duct occluder in those with a larger ductus. Transcatheter closure of the patent ductus arteriosus according to this regimen should achieve occlusion rates above 95%.     

Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗动脉导管未闭疗效分析

目的 评价Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗动脉导管未闭(PDA)的临床疗效。方法 对10例管型PDA患儿用Amplatzer PDA封堵器进行堵闭，2例窗型PDA用Amplatzer房间隔双伞封堵器堵闭。在透视下经6F输送器置入封堵器，术后10分钟，行右心导管检查及主动脉弓降部造影，术后24小时、1、3个月分别行彩色多普勒超声心动图、血常规及肝肾功能检查，评价治疗效果。结果 本组技术成功率为100％，患儿心脏双期连续性杂音均消失，术后10分钟主动脉弓降部造影显示少量残余分流2例，均为窗型PDA。术后24小时超声心动图示上述2例仍有微量分流。术后24小时、1、3个月行彩色多普勒超声心动图检查，均未发现残余分流、PDA再通及封堵器移位，血常规及肝肾功能检查均正常。2例有分流的患儿术后均出现急性溶血，经积极内科治疗后好转。其余10例无并发症发生。结论 应用Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗PDA安全有效，近中期疗效满意，远期疗效尚待进一步观察。对窗型PDA可试用Amplatzer房间隔封堵器堵闭。对术后发生急性溶血者可采用内科治疗。     

Percutaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus with the Amplatzer duct occluder. Results of 29 patients]

The authors report their experience of percutaneous closure of large patent ductus arteriosus with the Amplatzer duct occluder. The age of the patients ranged from 3 months to 72 years (average 24 months) with body weights of 3.9 to 74 Kg (average 16 Kg). The smallest angiographic diameter of the ductus was 4.0 +/- 1.3 mm at angiography (range 1.8 to 6 mm). The occluder was inserted under local anaesthetic with control aortography in all but one case who required general anaesthesia. In two small babies, the implantation was performed after venous puncture alone with transthoracic echocardiographic monitoring. The implantation was successful in all but one case in which there was a distensible duct. Early angiographic control showed suppression of the shunt in 61% of patients. Secondary haemolysis was observed in one case and was corrected by a second catheterisation 4 days later, with occlusion of the duct with a balloon catheter. The patients were followed up clinically, radiologically and echocardiographically. Doppler echocardiography showed absence of a residual shunt in 24 patients (86%) one month after the procedure, in 25 patients (89%) 3 months after the procedure and in 26 patients (93%) one year after the procedure. Two patients were left with mild or moderate shunts 12 and 16 months after the attempted occlusion. No cases of aortic or pulmonary obstruction were observed. The authors conclude that the Amplatzer duct occluder is a reliable device for closing large patent ductus arteriosus. It may be proposed in young symptomatic children over 4 Kg in body weight. A high rate of occlusion is obtained with a minimal risk of complications.     

Evolution of strategies for management of the patent arterial duct

Persistent patency of the arterial duct represents one of the most common lesions in the field of congenital cardiac disease. The strategies for management continue to evolve. In this review, we focus on management beyond the neonatal period. We review the temporal evolution of strategies for management, illustrate the currently available the techniques for permanent closure of the patent arterial duct, review the expected outcomes after closure, discuss the current controversy over the appropriate treatment of the so-called "silent" duct, and provide recommendations for the current state of management of patients with persistent patency of the arterial duct outside of the neonatal period.At the Congenital Heart Institute of Florida, we now recommend closure of all patent arterial ducts, regardless of their size. Before selecting and performing the type of procedure, we explain the natural history of the persistently patent arterial duct to the parents or legal guardian of the child. Particular emphasis is placed on the risks of endocarditis, including the recognition that many cases of endocarditis may not be preventable. The devastating effects of endocarditis, coupled with the perception of more anecdotal reports of endocarditis with the silent duct, as well as the low risk of interventions, has led us to recommend closure of the patent arterial duct in these situations. We now recommend intervention, after informed consent, for all patients with a patent arterial duct regardless of size, including those in which the patent duct is "silent". We recognize, however, that this remains a controversial topic, especially given the new recommendations for endocarditis prophylaxis from American Heart Association. Since 2003, our strategy for closure of the patent arterial duct has changed subsequent to the availability of the Amplatzer occluder. This new device has allowed significantly larger patent arterial ducts to be closed with interventional catheterization procedures that in the past would have been closed at surgery. During the interval between 2002 and 2006 inclusive, the overall surgical volume at our Institute has been stable. Over this period, the number of patients undergoing surgical ligation of the patent arterial duct has decreased, with this decline in volume most notable for the subgroup of patients weighing more than five kilograms. This decrease has been especially notable in thoracoscopic procedures and is attributable to the increased ability to close larger ducts using the Amplatzer occluder. For infants with symptomatic pulmonary overcirculation weighing less than 5 kilograms, our preference is for the surgical approach. For patients who have ductal calcification, significant pleural scarring, or "window-like" arterial ducts, video-assisted ligation is not an option and open surgical techniques are used. When video-assisted ligation is possible, the approach is based on family and surgeon preference. When open thoracotomy is selected, we usually use a muscle-sparing left posterolateral thoracotomy. For patients weighing more than 5 kilograms, we currently recommend percutaneous closure for all patent arterial ducts as the first intervention, reserving surgical treatment for those cases that are not amenable to the percutaneous approach. For symptomatic infants weighing greater than 5 kilogram with large ducts, we prefer to use the Amplatzer occluder. In rare instances, the size of the required ductal occluder is so large that either encroachment into the aorta or pulmonary arteries is noted, and the device is removed. The child is then referred for surgical closure. We can now often predict via echocardiography that a duct is too large for transcatheter closure, even with the Amplatzer occluder, and refer these patients directly to surgery. For patients with an asymptomatic patent arterial duct, we prefer to wait until the weight is from 10 to 12 kilograms, or they are closer to 2 years of age. If the patent arterial duct is greater than 2.0 to 2.5 millimetres in diameter, our preference is to use the Amplatzer occluder. For smaller ducts, we typically use stainless steel coils. Using this strategy, we close all patent arterial ducts, regardless of their size.     

Initial clinical experience in transcatheter closure of large patent arterial ducts in infants using the modified and angled Amplatzler duct occluder

OBJECTIVE: To establish the feasibility and efficacy of closing large patent arterial duct in infants, using the modified and angled variants of the Amplatzer duct occluder. BACKGROUND: Closure of large patent arterial ducts by inserting devices in sick and underweight infants, particularly those weighing around 5 kilograms, remains a challenge. Bigger devices require larger delivery sheaths and may cause obstruction either to the aorta or left pulmonary artery. Negotiating a large device is difficult or impossible, as the sheath gets kinked. Because of these problems, such underweight infants with large ducts who are failing to thrive, and in left ventricular failure with associated lesions, are typically referred for surgery, often leading to higher morbidity and mortality. METHODS: We attempted to close such large patent arterial ducts using the new Amplatzer occluder, modified with single layer of polyester, and the angled occluder, with no polyester material, inserted through a specially braided kink-resistant sheath. RESULTS: Closure was achieved in 10 infants, with mean age of 8.2 months, mean weight of 5.5 kilograms, the lowest weighing 3.9 kilograms. The mean size of the patent ducts was 6.3 millimetres, with the largest measuring 8.6 millimetres. We implanted 6 modified and 4 angled occluders. In one patient, suffering from hydronephrosis, a 14/12 angled device embolized and was retrieved, but the patient died. In the remaining patients, all ducts were closed completely, with no obstruction to either the aorta or left pulmonary artery. On follow up, all showed excellent clinical improvement. CONCLUSION: Complete closure of very large patent arterial ducts is now possible, even in very sick and underweight infants, using the large but low profile custom-made angled or modified versions of the Amplatzer occluder.     

The efficacy and safety of the Amplatzer ductal occluder in young children and infants

Background: We have used the Amplatzer ductal occluder for transcatheter closure of large persistently patent arterial ducts, and used our experience to assess the safety and efficacy of the device in young children and infants. Methods and patients: We used the Amplatzer ductal occluder prospectively in 43 patients with large patent arterial ducts, reviewing our experience to identify any problems or complications. Results: The procedure proved successful in 42 of the patients. We achieved complete occlusion of the duct in 33 (78.5 per cent) of the patients on the day of insertion. In 6 additional patients, complete occlusion occurred 1 week to 6 months after the procedure. Trivial leaks persisted in 2 patients, while one had a significant residual leak. Problems were encountered in 7 patients. The procedure failed in one, a device was wasted in 2, pulled through in 3, while we experienced kinking of the long Mullins sheath, being unable to retrieve the device, in one patient. Minor complications occurred in 6 patients, finding flow at a peak velocity of 2.2 metres per second in the descending aorta in 2 patients, and at 2.5 metres per second in 2 further patients, and flow at 2.5 metres per second in the pulmonary arteries of two patients. One patient experienced a major complication due to excessive bleeding. Out of the 14 patients suffering adverse events, 13 weighed less than 10 kilograms. This rate of problems and complication in these patients weighing less than 10 kilograms was significantly higher than in the patients weighing more than 10 kilograms. Conclusion: Transcatheter occlusion of moderate to large patent arterial ducts with the Amplatzer ductal occluder device is safe and effective, with a high rate of complete occlusion. Problems and minor complications may be encountered in children weighing less than 10 kilograms. If the device is to be deployed completely in the ductal ampulla, and to avoid descending aortic obstruction, the size of the retention flanges of the occluder should not exceed the largest diameter of the patent arterial duct.     

Closure of a patent arterial duct in a septuagenarian with atrial fibrillation

We occluded a large arterial duct in a patient with atrial fibrillation, using an Amplatzer duct occluder, with no residual shunt at the end of the procedure. Follow-up revealed recanalization, which was successfully treated with a 4 mm Amplatzer ASD occluder. It is speculated the reopening of the initially occluded duct was the consequence of anticoagulation needed because of the atrial fibrillation.     

应用Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗直径≥8mm动脉导管未闭的疗效评价

目的 :应用 Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗直径≥ 8mm的大型动脉导管未闭 （PDA）并对其疗效进行评价。方法 :全组 5 0例 ,年龄 2 6 .4± 2 3.2 （4.0～ 6 0 .0 ）岁。 PDA最窄处直径为 10 .2± 2 .3（8.0～ 15 .0 ） mm。封堵 10 m in后行侧位降主动脉造影 ,术后 1d及 1月行超声心动图检查 ,观察有无残余分流及 PDA再通。结果 :47例 PDA采用Amplatzer PDA封堵器治疗 ,2例采用 Amplatzer ASD封堵器治疗 ,1例 PDA伴有阻力性肺动脉高压未行介入治疗。术后 10 min降主动脉造影显示 ,19例存在微～少量残余分流 ,30例封堵完全无残余分流。术后 2 4h、术后 1月超声心动图未见残余分流及再通。结论 :应用 Am platzer封堵器治疗直径≥ 8mm的大型动脉导管未闭是一种安全有效的介入方法。     

Immediate and early results of closure of moderate to large patent arterial ducts using the new Amplatzer device

OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to assess the immediate and short term results of closure of moderate and large patent arterial ducts using the self-expanding and repositionable Amplatzer device. METHOD: We attempted closure in 25 patients (10 Females and 15 males) using the Amplatzer occluder. Their median age was 48 months with a range from 8 months to 26 years and median weight of 14 kg with a range from 4.5 kg to 48 kg. The mean ductal diameter was 4.1 mm (S.D 1.51 mm). A 6F/7F long sheath was used to deliver the device. Follow up was performed with colour- flow mapping of the pulmonary trunk within 24 hours, at 3 months, and 6 months of closure. RESULTS: Of the 25 patients, the device was placed successfully in 23. Concurrent angiography showed immediate closure in 12 patients, while 8 had trivial shunting and 3 had mild shunting. Within 24 hours, Doppler examination revealed complete closure in all but three patients, who had a mild residual shunt. Two attempts were unsuccessful. Both these patients underwent successful surgical ligation. All except one patient were discharged on the next day. Of the 23 patients, 15 (65%) have been followed up for 3 months, while 8 (35%) have completed 6 months of follow-up. Of the three patients initially with mild residual flow, two had completely closed at 3 months The one remaining patient is yet to be seen at the 3 month follow-up. Thus, at 3 months, all patients studies had shown complete closure. CONCLUSION: Antegrade transcatheter closure using the Amplatzer duct occluder is an efficacious treatment for bigger patent arterial ducts. Long-term follow-up is necessary to show sustained benefits and confirm the absence of side effects.     

Transcatheter occlusion of moderate to large patent arterial ducts, having a diameter above 2.5 mm, with the Amplatzer Duct Occluder. Comparisons with the Rashkind, buttoned devices, and coils in 116 consecutive patients

AIM: To report results of transcatheter occlusion of moderate to large patent arterial ducts, having a minimum diameter above 2.5 mm, with the Amplatzer duct occluder, and to compare these with results achieved using Rashkind or Sideris devices and Cook detachable coils. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study conducted on intention-to-treat data from a tertiary referral centre. PATIENTS: Since 1989, 116 consecutive patients, 77 females and 39 males, underwent percutaneous closure with several devices. We used the Rashkind double umbrella in 23 patients, the Sideris buttoned device in 39 patients, coils in 17 patients, and the Amplatzer duct occluder in 37 patients. The median age of the patients was 37 months, and the median weight 13 kg. The mean minimum diameter of the duct was 3.8 +/- 1.22 mm, with a median of 3.5 mm, and range from 2.5 to 10 mm. RESULTS: Implantation succeeded in all but 9 of the children (92%). The time of fluoroscopy was shorter, and full occlusion was better as judged on angiography, in patients closed using the Amplatzer device, despite closure of larger ducts, than in patients closed using other devices (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0003, and p = 0.0015 for the Rashkind, Sideris, and coils, respectively). Complications included embolisation in 2 patients, and haemolysis in 3 patients. In 12 patients, a second device was inserted because of residual shunting noted during follow-up. Complete occlusion was achieved earlier after implantation (p = 0.0002), and the rate of complete occlusion was better in patients receiving an Amplatzer device (97%, p = 0.024) than in patients undergoing closure with other devices. CONCLUSION: Transcatheter closure of moderate to large patent arterial ducts using the Amplatzer duct occluder is an effective and safe procedure, providing better results than those achieved using other occluders.