ANTITUMOR EFFECT OF GRANULOCYTE-MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR(GM-CSF)-GENE ENCODED VACCINIA MELANOMA ONCOLYSATE AND ITS IMMUNOLOGICAL MECHANISMS

ＡＮＴＩＴＵＭＯＲＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＧＲＡＮＵＬＯＣＹＴＥＭＡＣＲＯＰＨＡＧＥＣＯＬＯＮＹＳＴＩＭＵＬＡＴＩＮＧＦＡＣＴＯＲ（ＧＭＣＳＦ）ＧＥＮＥＥＮＣＯＤＥＤＶＡＣＣＩＮＩＡＭＥＬＡＮＯＭＡＯＮＣＯＬＹＳＡＴＥＡＮＤＩＴＳＩＭＭＵＮＯＬＯＧＩ...     

ANTI-METASTATIC EFFECT OF ONCOLYSATES FROM MURINE MELANOMA CELLS TRANSFECTED WITH RECOMBINANT VACCINIA VIRUS ENCODING HUMAN IL-2

ＡＮＴＩＭＥＴＡＳＴＡＴＩＣＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＯＮＣＯＬＹＳＡＴＥＳＦＲＯＭＭＵＲＩＮＥＭＥＬＡＮＯＭＡＣＥＬＬＳＴＲＡＮＳＦＥＣＴＥＤＷＩＴＨＲＥＣＯＭＢＩＮＡＮＴＶＡＣＣＩＮＩＡＶＩＲＵＳＥＮＣＯＤＩＮＧＨＵＭＡＮＩＬ２１ＷａｎＴａｏ万涛Ｃａｏ...     

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia

The role of G-CSF, GM-CSF and M-CSF in the treatment of AML and ALL was reviewed. These CSFs significantly accelerate the neutrophil recovery after intensive chemotherapy, and reduce febrile neutropenia and documented infections. There is no clear evidence that CSFs accelerate early regrowth of AML cells at the doses and schedules presently used clinically except one study. Patients who have received CSFs tend to have a higher CR rate, which does not seem to be translated into definite survival benefit. There has been no prospective randomized study showing any beneficial priming effect of CSFs on AML cells with better clinical outcomes.     

Physiopathological studies on granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and multi colony stimulating factor producing leukemia, L8313, induced by irradiation of C3H mice

Radiation-induced L8313 leukemia bearing mice (L8313 mice) had marked granulo-cytosis with splenomegaly. Hemopoietic stem cells and progenitors increased in the spleen but not in the bone marrow. Spleen conditioned-medium and serum from L8313 mice induced the formation of granulocyte-macrophage colonies (CFU-GM), erythroid bursts (BFU-E) and mixed colonies (CFU-Mix). Bone marrow conditioned medium did not show such activity. A cell line (STIL-3) was established from the spleen cells of L8313 mice. Surface marker analysis showed that the established cells were suppressor T cell. The cells produced IL-3 and GM-CSF in vitro, and induce essentially the same “leukemic” response in recipient mice. Inoculation of STIL-3 in diffusion chamber also induced leukemoid reaction, i.e. a marked granulocytosis with splenomegaly. Therefore, L8313 leukemia may be linked to an abnormality of growth and production of hemopoietic factors in hemopoetic regulatory cells.     

粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子剂量对小鼠骨髓源性树突状细胞成熟状态的影响

 目的　观察不同剂量粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（GM-CSF）对小鼠树突状细胞（DC）形态、纯度、成熟程度的影响,为不同用途的DC疫苗制备选择合适的GM-CSF质量浓度提供理论依据。方法　用低剂量（5 ng／ml）、常规剂量（20 ng／ml）、高剂量（50 ng／ml）GM-CSF联合重组小鼠白细胞介素-4（mIL-4）诱导小鼠骨髓细胞体外分化为DC,流式细胞术测定CD11c、CD80和CD86表达率。结果　低剂量GM-CSF组诱导的DC不具有典型的DC形态,低表达CD11c、CD80和CD86。常规剂量GM-CSF组诱导的DC高表达CD11c、CD80和CD86,具有更强的刺激同种异体淋巴细胞增殖能力。高剂量GM-CSF组CD11c、CD80和CD86表达率最高,并具有最强的刺激同种异体淋巴细胞增殖的能力。结论　GM-CSF剂量影响诱导分化的DC成熟程度。低剂量的GM-CSF诱导的DC为不成熟的DC,常规剂量和高剂量GM-CSF诱导分化的DC为细胞表型和功能成熟的DC。高剂量GM-CSF诱导的DC细胞表型和功能最成熟。     

腺病毒介导p16基因转移及诱导黑色素瘤细胞凋亡

目的 进一步了解Ｐ１６基因对肿瘤细胞的作用。方法 通过腺病毒介导外源性Ｐ１６基因转移到Ｐ１６基因突变的人黑色素瘤细胞秒ＷＭ－９８３Ａ,对Ｐ１６基因的表达,细胞生长的抑制与机制和对肿瘤模型的治疗效果进行分析。结果 外源性Ｐ１６基因在靶细胞高水平的表达显著地抑制了ＷＭ９８３Ａ的生长和集落形成,流式细胞仪检测显示细胞Ｇ１的期阻滞并发生了凋亡,瘤内注Ａｄ－ｐ１６对裸鼠体内移植瘤有一定抑瘤作用。结论 Ｐ１６     

Effect of intraperitoneally administered recombinant murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rmGM-CSF) on the cytotoxic potential of murine peritoneal cells.

We studied the effect of recombinant murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rmGM-CSF) on the cytotoxic potential of murine peritoneal cells. Mice received rmGM-CSF intraperitoneally using different dosages and injection schemes. At different time points after the last injection, mice were sacrificed, peritoneal cells isolated and their tumour cytotoxicity was determined by a cytotoxicity assay using syngeneic [methyl-3H]thymidine-labelled colon carcinoma cells. Also, the cytotoxic response to a subsequent in vitro stimulation with lipopolysaccharide was determined. Upon daily injection of 6000-54,000 U rmGM-CSF over a 6-day period, the number of peritoneal cells increased over ten fold with the highest rmGM-CSF dose. Increases in cell numbers was mainly due to increases in macrophage numbers. Upon injection of three doses of 3000 U rmGM-CSF per day for 3 consecutive days, the number of macrophages remained elevated for minimally 6 days. Although the peritoneal cells from rmGM-CSF-treated mice were not activated to a tumoricidal state, they could be activated to high levels of cytotoxicity with an additional in vitro stimulation of lipopolysaccharide. Resident cells isolated from control mice could be activated only to low levels of tumour cytotoxicity with lipopolysaccharide. Tumour cytotoxicity strongly correlated with nitric oxide secretion. When inhibiting nitric oxide synthase, tumour cell lysis decreased. Thus, the expanded peritoneal cell population induced by multiple injections of rmGM-CSF has a strong tumour cytotoxic potential and might provide a favourable condition for immunotherapeutic treatment of peritoneal neoplasms.     

Low-dose outpatient chemobiotherapy with temozolomide, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, interferon-alpha2b, and recombinant interleukin-2 for the treatment of metastatic melanoma.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to further investigate the efficacy and safety of low-dose outpatient chemobiotherapy in patients with unresectable metastatic melanoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-one patients with histologically confirmed unresectable measurable metastatic melanoma were enrolled onto an open-label, multicenter phase II study. The treatment regimen consisted of oral temozolomide followed by subcutaneous biotherapy with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon-alfa, and recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2). RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients (90%) had M1c disease, and 58% had three or more sites of metastasis. Four patients (13%), all with M1c disease, had a complete response, and four patients had a partial response. The median progression-free survival was 4.9 months and the median overall survival was 13.1 months. Two patients (6%) developed CNS metastasis as the first site of disease progression, and 7 (23%) of 30 experienced CNS progression after receiving chemobiotherapy. A total of 112 cycles of therapy were administered. Toxicity occurred in 78% of the cycles and was grade 1 or 2 in the majority of cases and easily managed. Grade 4 toxicity occurred in 3% of the cycles. CONCLUSION: This low-dose chemobiotherapy combination produces clinical responses in patients with metastatic melanoma, even in those with M1c disease, is well tolerated, and allows home dosing. It offers a reasonable alternative to high-dose regimens, such as high-dose biochemotherapy or rIL-2 requiring prolonged periods of hospitalization, or single agent outpatient regimens, such as dacarbazine, which is usually not effective in patients with M1c disease. Furthermore, it may protect against the development of brain metastases.     

Effects of the in vivo Administration of Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor Following Cytotoxic Chemotherapy on Granulocytic Precursors in Patients with Malignant Lymphoma1

We examined the effects of the in vivo administration of recombinant granulocytc colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) on granulocytic precursors in the bone marrow of 4 patients with malignant lymphoma who received chemotherapy. Patients were treated with rhG-CSF at doses of 100–800 μg/ m²/day intravenously for 14 days only in the first course of chemotherapy (G-CSF course) followed by the second course of chemotherapy without rhG-CSF which was used as a control course. In the G-CSF course, white blood cell counts (WBCs) demonstrated a biphasic response consisting of a first peak observed within a few days after the initiation of rhG-CSF administration, and a second peak observed on the last day of rhG-CSF injection or the day after. In the second peak, the incidence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM) in mononucleated bone marrow cells did not change significantly after treatment with rhG-CSF as compared with a control. However, since the number of nucleated cells in the bone marrow increased, the absolute number of CFU-GM in the bone marrow increased. The number of mature and immature granulocytes in the bone marrow increased. These findings suggest that G-CSF stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of granulocytic precursors in the bone marrow in granulocytopenic patients who received cytotoxic drugs and causes mature granulocytes to be released from the bone marrow.     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON RADIATION-INDUCIBLE HUMAN TNF GENE THERAPY FOR CANCER

ＥＸＰＥＲＩＭＥＮＴＡＬＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＮＲＡＤＩＡＴＩＯＮ－ＩＮＤＵＣＩＢＬＥＨＵＭＡＮＴＮＦＧＥＮＥＴＨＥＲＡＰＹＦＯＲＣＡＮＣＥＲＣａｏＸｕｅｔａｏ曹雪涛ＺｈａｎｇＷｅｉｐｉｎｇ章卫平ＷａｎｇＪｉａｎｌｉ王建莉ＨｕａｎｇＸｉｎ黄欣ＱｉｎＺｈｉｈ...     

Long term administration of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor decreases development of 1-2 dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer in rats

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The antitumoral activities of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were shown earlier. In this study, the effects of GM-CSF were investigated on colon cancer induced by 18 weeks of 1-2 dimethylhydrazine (DMH) administration in rats. METHODS: Four groups received subcutaneous saline (n = 20), 15 mg/kg DMH (n = 30), DMH +6 microg/kg GM-CSF (n = 30), and DMH +12 microg/kg (n = 30) GM-CSF. RESULTS: The average number of tumors (2.8 vs. 1.5) and mean tumor volume (179 +/- 36 vs. 27 +/- 9 mm(3); means +/- SEM) were reduced in DMH + GM-CSF groups as compared to the DMH group (n = 30, P < 0.01). DMH-induced enhancement of free radicals and lipid peroxidation were decreased in DMH + GM-CSF group (n = 8-12, P < 0.05). The magnitude of DMH-induced alterations in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities was lowered in the DMH + GM-CSF group (n = 12-16, P < 0.05). DMH-induced increases in the total nitrite/nitrate levels and the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity (n = 10-12, P < 0.05) were also reduced in the DMH + GM-CSF group (n = 8-9, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that GM-CSF inhibits the development of DMH-induced colon cancer in rats and suggest that inhibition of oxidative stress and NO pathway are involved in the observed antitumoral effects.     

联合应用新城疫病毒及其 HN基因对小鼠黑色素瘤抑制效应的研究

背景与目的:尽管新城疫病毒( Newcastle disease virus, NDV)对多种肿瘤具有抑制作用 ,但其抑瘤机制尚不完全清楚.以前的研究结果表明,该病毒的血凝素神经氨酸酶( hemagglutinin-neuraminidase,HN)基因在该病毒的抗肿瘤作用上发挥重要作用且 HN蛋白表达后能够定位于肿瘤细胞膜上,以 HN蛋白作为肿瘤细胞的外源抗原来研究其抑瘤作用尚未见报道.本研究拟探讨 HN蛋白作为外源抗原在新城疫病毒抗肿瘤的作用以及二者联合应用对小鼠黑色素瘤的抑制效应.方法:在 C57BL/6小鼠右后肢皮下接种 B16黑色素瘤细胞 2× 105个.荷瘤第 2天,左后肢肌肉注射含新城疫病毒 HN基因的重组质粒,荷瘤第 7天,瘤内注射新城疫病毒 2× 109pfu;同时设单独 HN基因或 NDV治疗组及注射 PBS的对照组.通过抑瘤率观察动物体内的抑瘤效果;通过特异性细胞毒 T淋巴细胞( cytotoxic T lymphocyte,CTL)实验, ICAM Ⅰ、 CD48及新城疫病毒 HN蛋白在肿瘤细胞表面表达检测,探讨 HN蛋白所介导的抑瘤作用.结果:联合应用新城疫病毒及该病毒 HN基因对肿瘤的抑制效果明显好于单独 HN基因及新城疫病毒,抑瘤率达 82.8%,特异性 CTL反应增强,对靶细胞的杀伤率为 18.4%;单独 HN基因及新城疫病毒治疗组的抑瘤率分别为 56.6%、 41.0%,特异性 CTL活性分别为 4.4%、 10.1%;瘤内注射 NDV的肿瘤细胞表面检测到 HN分子的表达, ICAM Ⅰ、 CD48分子表达上调.结论:定位于肿瘤细胞表面的 HN蛋白介导机体对肿瘤细胞的特异性杀伤,联合应用新城疫病毒及该病毒 HN基因显著增强了机体对肿瘤细胞的杀伤效应.     

Protective effect of human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (hG-CSF) on Candida, infections in normal and immunosuppressed mice

Prophylactic treatment with human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (hG-CSF) affords significant protection against systemic infections caused by C. albicans in cyclophosphamide-treated but not in cortisone-treated mice. Localized candidosis in neutropenic mice does not respond to hG-CSF. Our data show that granulocytes play an important role in the immune defence against deep mycoses, but not against local infections. From our data it is reasonable to assume that prophylactic treatment with hG-CSF may augment the resistance of immunosuppressed patients to deep Candida infection, but it would be of little help against oral candidosis of HIV patients.     

重组人粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子联合传统药物保留灌肠治疗子宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌患者慢性放射性直肠炎效果观察

目的:观察重组人粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（rhGM-CSF）联合传统药物保留灌肠治疗慢性放射性直肠炎的临床疗效及安全性。方法:选取2017年10月至2019年10月襄阳市中心医院肿瘤科收治的128例经病理证实为子宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌的1、2级慢性放射性直肠炎患者,进行随机、单盲、对照试验。患者按随机数字表法分为对照组、...     

血管内皮生长因子受体-2胞外区基因修饰树突状细胞的抗实验性肺转移作用

目的研究血管内皮生长因子受体-2胞外区基因修饰树突状细胞(DC)的抗肿瘤转移作用及其机制。方法电穿孔法基因转染DC,ELISA检测基因转染DC表达sVEGFR-2水平;经尾静脉给C57BL／6小鼠分别注射PBS、DC、pcDNA3．1修饰的DC(DC-vector)、pcDNA3．1／sVEGFR-2修饰的DC(DC-sVEGFR-2),连续3次,每次间隔1周,最后一次免疫注射后10 d,以51Cr释放法检测小鼠脾细胞VEGFR-2特异性CTL活性,藻酸钠小珠法检测肿瘤细胞诱导的新生血管形成,以B16黑色素瘤肺转移模型观察DC-sVEGFR-2免疫的抗肿瘤转移作用。以抗-CD4单抗或抗-CD8单抗分别剔除体内CD4+T细胞及CD8+T细胞,研究DC-sVEGFR-2免疫抗肿瘤转移作用的免疫学机制。结果DC- sVEGFR-2能有效表达sVEGFR-2,而DC-vector和DC不表达sVEGFR-2。DC-sVEGFR-2免疫小鼠脾细胞能有效杀伤VEGFR-2+的靶细胞H5V和3LL-sVEGFR,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0．01),但对VEGFR-2-的同系EL4和3LL细胞无杀伤作用。DC-sVEGFR-2免疫能显著抑制肿瘤诱导的新生血管形成,DC-sVEGFR-2免疫小鼠藻酸钠小珠中FITC-dextran的摄取量仅为对照组的50％,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0．01)。DC-sVEGFR-2免疫组小鼠B16黑色素瘤肺转移灶数目显著减少,瘤灶体积显著小于对照组,与DC-vector免疫组相比,肺表面转移灶数目下降81．9％(49．7±12．7:9．0±3．2,P<0．01)。体内T细胞亚群剔除试验显示,DC-sVEGFR-2免疫的抗肿瘤转移作用由CD8+T细胞介导。结论DC-sVEGFR-2免疫能打破自身免疫耐受,诱导针对VEGFR-2的CTL应答,抑制肿瘤诱导的新生血管形成,显著抑制肿瘤的转移,其抗肿瘤转移作用由CD8+T细胞介导。     

基因重组人粒细胞/巨噬细胞集落刺激因子防治肿瘤化疗所致的白细胞减少

目的研究基因重组人粒细胞／巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ，生白能）防治实体瘤化疗所致白细胞（ＷＢＣ）和中性粒细胞（ＡＮＣ）减少的临床效果及不良反应。方法采用多中心随机分组、自身交叉对照方法，对５７例肿瘤化疗患者随机分成ＡＢ组和ＢＡ组。ＡＢ组第１周期化疗加生白能治疗（治疗组），第２周期单用化疗（对照组）；ＢＡ组第１周期单用化疗，第２周期化疗加生白能治疗。有５５例可做临床疗效分析。结果生白能可明显减轻化疗所致ＷＢＣ和ＡＮＣ下降程度，缩短ＷＢＣ和ＡＮＣ降至正常值以下的持续时间，促进ＷＢＣ和ＡＮＣ早日恢复，有助于化疗按期进行。主要不良反应有轻、中度发热，注射部位疼痛，骨骼肌肉疼痛，乏力和皮疹，一般可以耐受。结论生白能是一种有价值的化疗辅助药物。     

EB病毒潜伏膜蛋白1介导鼻咽癌细胞中转录因子Ets-1表达的实验研究

目的 探讨鼻咽癌(NPC)细胞中EB病毒潜伏膜蛋白1(EMP1)是否可介导转录因子Ets-1的表达。方法 采用受四环素(Dox)调控的、LMP1表达的NPC细胞系(pTet-on-LMP1 HNE2),用Dox诱导LMP1表达,并检测Ets-1的表达。采用逆转录PCR(RT-PCR)方法检测Ets-1 RNA水平的变化;应用Western blot方法检测Ets-1蛋白质表达情况;应用免疫共沉淀和Western blot方法检测Ets-1磷酸化水平;应用EMSA方法检测Ets-1的DNA结合活性。结果 在不同诱导时间、不同浓度Dox诱导的pTet-on-LMP1 HNE2细胞中,LMPl表达与Ets-1 RNA表达、蛋白质表达、苏氨酸磷酸化水平及DNA结合活性在一定范围内呈正相关。结论 IMP1可介导NPC细胞中Ets-1的转录活化和表达,可能是LMP1致瘤的新机制。     

粒细胞集落刺激因子对肿瘤化疗患者白细胞数及医院感染的影响

目的探讨粒细胞集落刺激因子对肿瘤患者化疗后血白细胞数变化及感染危险性的影响。方法初次化疗后血白细胞降低的恶性肿瘤患者,于第2、3周期分别采用预防性或治疗性粒细胞集落刺激因子进行治疗,观察患者血白细胞数变化规律及医院感染情况。结果观察214例肿瘤化疗患者,血白细胞降低103例（下降发生率48.1%）,后者医院感染率15.9%;预防性或治疗性使用粒细胞集落刺激因子均可使白细胞下降持续时间明显缩短、下降程度减轻,且前者效果明显优于后者;两种用药方法均可使Ⅱ、Ⅲ度白细胞降低患者医院感染率明显降低,而对Ⅰ、Ⅳ度降低患者作用不明显。结论肿瘤化疗患者医院感染与血白细胞降低程度密切相关;合理使用粒细胞集落刺激因子可有效减轻骨髓抑制程度,减少医院感染发生,保证化疗顺利完成。